52 research outputs found
Cord Blood Derived CD4+CD25high T Cells Become Functional Regulatory T Cells upon Antigen Encounter
Background: Upon antigen exposure, cord blood derived T cells respond to ubiquitous environmental antigens by high proliferation. To date it remains unclear whether these âexcessiveâ responses relate to different regulatory properties of the putative T regulatory cell (Treg) compartment or even expansion of the Treg compartment itself
SzabĂĄlyos Ă©s rendhagyĂł ragozĂĄsĂș szavak pszicholingvisztikai vizsgĂĄlata
Jelen kutatĂĄs fĆ cĂ©lja a szabĂĄlyos Ă©s rendhagyĂł ragozĂĄsĂș szavak összehasonlĂtĂĄsa ragozott szĂłterjedelem tesztek Ă©s reakciĂłidĆ feladat segĂtsĂ©gĂ©vel. A vizsgĂĄlat alapkĂ©rdĂ©se, hogy a rendhagyĂł ragozĂĄsĂș szavak esetĂ©ben egĂ©szleges tĂĄrolĂĄs valĂłsul-e meg, vagy hasonlĂłan kĂ©pezzĂŒk Ćket, mint a szabĂĄlyos alakokat. TovĂĄbbi cĂ©l az online (menetközbeni) feldolgozĂĄs Ă©s a memĂłria összefĂŒggĂ©sĂ©nek feltĂĄrĂĄsa. A kutatĂĄsban 37 egĂ©szsĂ©ges, ĂĄtlagos munkamemĂłriĂĄjĂș egyetemista vett rĂ©szt, 8 fĂ©rfi Ă©s 29 nĆ. A vizsgĂĄlati alanyok egy szĂłvisszamondĂĄsi Ă©s egy szĂłnemszĂł lexikĂĄlis döntĂ©si feladatban vettek rĂ©szt. MĂg a kĂsĂ©rleti szemĂ©lyek a szĂłnemszĂł döntĂ©si feladatban jobb eredmĂ©nyt Ă©rtek el a szabĂĄlyos ragozĂĄsĂș szavak esetĂ©n, addig a memĂłriafeladatban nincs szĂĄmottevĆ kĂŒlönbsĂ©g a szabĂĄlyos Ă©s a rendhagyĂł alakok között. EredmĂ©nyeink alapjĂĄn Ășgy tƱnik, hogy a rendhagyĂł ragozĂĄsĂș szavakat hasonlĂłan kĂ©pezzĂŒk, mint a szabĂĄlyos ragozĂĄsĂș szavakat, tehĂĄt az olyan gazdag alaktannal rendelkezĆ nyelvek esetĂ©ben, ahol az inflexiĂłs rag azonosĂthatĂł a rendhagyĂł szavak esetĂ©n is, dekompozĂciĂł fog megvalĂłsulni
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Fc-Epsilon-RI, the High Affinity IgE-Receptor, Is Robustly Expressed in the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract and Modulated by Mucosal Inflammation
Background: The role of the high affinity IgE receptor, FcΔRI, in IgE-mediated immune responses of the gastrointestinal (GI) mucosa is poorly understood. Currently, a detailed characterization of FcΔRI expression throughout the human gut is lacking. The aim of this study was to define the expression pattern of FcΔRI in the GI tract. Methods/Principal Findings: We compared FcΔRI expression in children with gastritis/esophagitis (n = 10), celiac disease (n = 10), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (n = 9), and normal mucosa (n = 5). The αâsubunit of FcΔRI (FcΔRIα), detected by immunohistochemistry, was found on cells infiltrating the mucosa of the esophagus, the stomach, and the duodenum, but was rarely detected in more distal sections of the GI tract. Accordingly, quantitative RT-PCR analysis on esophagus, stomach, duodenum, colon, and rectum biopsies revealed that FcΔRIα and -ÎČ expression levels decreased towards the distal intestine. mRNA transcripts of the common Fc-receptor-Îł chain were present in the entire GI mucosa. Double-immunofluorescence staining of esophageal specimens confirmed that FcΔRIα was expressed on intraepithelial mast cells and Langerhans cells. The mRNA expression levels of the α, ÎČ, and Îł subunits of FcΔRI did not correlate with total serum IgE but were associated with mucosal inflammation. Conclusion/Significance: Our data define the upper GI tract as the main site for IgE-mediated immune activation via FcΔRI. Tissue mRNA levels of FcΔRIα are regulated by inflammatory conditions rather than serum IgE, indicating that FcΔRI might also play a role in pathologies other than allergy
Effect of Heating and Glycation on the Allergenicity of 2S Albumins (Ara h 2/6) from Peanut
Although no effect of processing on T-cell reactivity was observed, heat induced denaturation reduced the IgE reactivity and subsequent functionality of Ara h 2/6. Conversely, Ara h 2 and 6 purified from roasted peanut retained the structure and IgE reactivity/functionality of the native protein which may explain the allergenic potency of this protein. Through detailed molecular study and allergenicity assessment approaches, this work then gives new insights into the effect of thermal processing on structure/allergenicity of peanut proteins
A Soluble Form of the High Affinity IgE Receptor, Fc-Epsilon-RI, Circulates in Human Serum
Soluble IgE receptors are potential in vivo modulators of
IgE-mediated immune responses and are thus important for our basic understanding
of allergic responses. We here characterize a novel soluble version of the
IgE-binding alpha-chain of Fc-epsilon-RI (sFcΔRI), the high affinity
receptor for IgE. sFcΔRI immunoprecipitates as a protein of âŒ40 kDa and
contains an intact IgE-binding site. In human serum, sFcΔRI is found as a
soluble free IgE receptor as well as a complex with IgE. Using a newly
established ELISA, we show that serum sFcΔRI levels correlate with serum IgE
in patients with elevated IgE. We also show that serum of individuals with
normal IgE levels can be found to contain high levels of sFcΔRI. After
IgE-antigen-mediated crosslinking of surface FcΔRI, we detect sFcΔRI in
the exosome-depleted, soluble fraction of cell culture supernatants. We further
show that sFcΔRI can block binding of IgE to FcΔRI expressed at the cell
surface. In summary, we here describe the alpha-chain of FcΔRI as a
circulating soluble IgE receptor isoform in human serum
The disease-specific clinical trial network for primary ciliary dyskinesia: PCD-CTN
Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare genetic disorder characterised by impaired mucociliary clearance leading to irreversible lung damage. In contrast to other rare lung diseases like cystic fibrosis (CF), there are only few clinical trials and limited evidence-based treatments. Management is mainly based on expert opinions and treatment is challenging due to a wide range of clinical manifestations and disease severity. To improve clinical and translational research and facilitate development of new treatments, the clinical trial network for PCD (PCD-CTN) was founded in 2020 under the framework of the European Reference Network (ERN)-LUNG PCD Core. Applications from European PCD sites interested in participating in the PCD-CTN were requested. Inclusion criteria consisted of patient numbers, membership of ERN-LUNG PCD Core, use of associated standards of care, experience in PCD and/or CF clinical research, resources to run clinical trials, good clinical practice (GCP) certifications and institutional support. So far, applications from 22 trial sites in 18 European countries have been approved, including >1400 adult and >1600 paediatric individuals with PCD. The PCD-CTN is headed by a coordinating centre and consists of a steering and executive committee, a data safety monitoring board and committees for protocol review, training and standardisation. A strong association with patient organisations and industrial companies are further cornerstones. All participating trial sites agreed on a code of conduct. As CTNs from other diseases have demonstrated successfully, this newly formed PCD-CTN operates to establish evidence-based treatments for this orphan disease and to bring new personalised treatment approaches to patients
Novel developments in the mechanisms of immune tolerance to allergens
Allergy is the result of a disbalanced immune response to environmental innocuous antigens. Despite of accumulating data to define the pathomechanisms that take place in case of allergic diseases a detailed understanding of sequence of events that lead to the "normal" scenario of tolerance development are still under debate. Allergen-specific immunotherapy is the only causal treatment of allergic diseases. It modifies the immune response to a particular antigen to achieve tolerance against the symptom-causing allergen. This process is considered to mirror physiological peripheral tolerance induction. A number of immunological changes have been described to occur under allergen immunotherapy, including the generation of allergen-specific regulatory T cells, the induction of allergen-specific IgG4, an increase in the Th1/Th2 cytokine ratio and decreased activation and function of effector cells such as mast cells, basophils and eosinophils
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