Historical sociopragmatics: a new approach to the study of the history of Hungarian

The point of departure of this paper is that it is both timely and imperative to renew the traditional systemic approach to historical linguistics primarily focusing on Ancient Hungarian and Old Hungarian and supplement it with usage-centred research based on Middle Hungarian sources (like records of evidence in witchcraft trials). One possible way of doing that is offered by historical (socio)pragmatics, a line of study little known at present within Hungarian linguistics. Although a systematic application of (synchronically tried-and-true, all but classical) pragmatic theories and methods to historical material may come up against unforeseeable or even unresolvable difficulties, such „experimentation” is a promising enterprise: the pragmatic point of view and the theories built on it may provide historical investigations with a framework that can not only be expected to yield new conclusions but also to throw new light upon familiar facts of language history. The title of this paper raises two questions: 1. Is a new approach to the study of the history of Hungarian needed at all? and 2. What is historical sociopragmatics? In what follows, I will try to answer both questions in that order

Revising Incidence and Mortality of Lung Cancer in Central Europe: An Epidemiology Review From Hungary

Objective: While Hungary is often reported to have the highest incidence and mortality rates of lung cancer, until 2018 no nationwide epidemiology study was conducted to confirm these trends. The objective of this study was to estimate the occurrence of lung cancer in Hungary based on a retrospective review of the National Health Insurance Fund (NHIF) database. Methods: Our retrospective, longitudinal study included patients aged ≥20 years who were diagnosed with lung cancer (ICD-10 C34) between 1 Jan 2011 and 31 Dec 2016. Age-standardized incidence and mortality rates were calculated using both the 1976 and 2013 European Standard Populations (ESP). Results: Between 2011 and 2016, 6,996 - 7,158 new lung cancer cases were recorded in the NHIF database annually, and 6,045 - 6,465 all-cause deaths occurred per year. Age-adjusted incidence rates were 115.7-101.6/100,000 person-years among men (ESP 1976: 84.7-72.6), showing a mean annual change of - 2.26% (p = 0.008). Incidence rates among women increased from 48.3 to 50.3/100,000 person-years (ESP 1976: 36.9-38.0), corresponding to a mean annual change of 1.23% (p = 0.028). Age-standardized mortality rates varied between 103.8 and 97.2/100,000 person-years (ESP 1976: 72.8-69.7) in men and between 38.3 and 42.7/100,000 person-years (ESP 1976: 27.8-29.3) in women. Conclusion: Age-standardized incidence and mortality rates of lung cancer in Hungary were found to be high compared to Western-European countries, but lower than those reported by previous publications. The incidence of lung cancer decreased in men, while there was an increase in incidence and mortality among female lung cancer patients