18 research outputs found

    Le dépistage des aneuploïdies en Tunisie: à quand la généralisation du calcul de risque intégré au premier trimestre ?

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    En Tunisie, nous ne disposons pas de plan national de dépistage des aneuploïdies. Nous nous proposons de comparer pour une même population deux méthodes de dépistage des aneuploïdies, et de discuter de l'importance de la qualité des mesures de la clarté nucale lors de l'échographie du premier trimestre. Il s'agit d'une étude prospective réalisée sur une période de 18 mois. Nous avons comparé les résultats du calcul de risque réalisé selon deux méthodes. La première tenant compte uniquement de l'âge maternel et des marqueurs sériques, et la deuxième intégrant en plus la clarté nucale. 19% des 221 parturientes étaient âgées de plus de 38 ans. Le test de dépistage selon la 1ère méthode était sensible pour le seul cas d'aneuploïdie rencontré. La puissance de ce test était de 60%. Le dosage des marqueurs sériques du deuxième trimestre a permis le dépistage des défauts de fermeture du tube neural avec une valeur statistiquement significative en termes de spécificité (98,6%) et de valeur prédictive négative (100%). La médiane des mesures de CN était de 0,75 MoM pour l'âge gestationnel. Uniquement 17,6% des mesures étaient situées dans l'intervalle [0,9 -1,1] MoM. Nous n'avons pas objectivé de différence significative entre les deux méthodes dépistage en matière de puissance. Cependant, en termes de faux positifs le test combiné s'est avéré plus intéressant, son utilisation aurait pu nous éviter 18 prélèvements invasifs. L'avenir immédiat en Tunisie doit se diriger vers un dépistage combiné au premier trimestre. Cette stratégie ne peut se faire qu'après instauration d'un contrôle qualité des mesures à la fois biologiques et échographiques.Pan African Medical Journal 2016; 2

    Abstracts from the 3rd International Genomic Medicine Conference (3rd IGMC 2015)

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    Le dépistage des aneuploïdies en Tunisie: à quand la généralisation du calcul de risque intégré au premier trimestre ?

    Get PDF
    En Tunisie, nous ne disposons pas de plan national de dépistage des aneuploïdies. Nous nous proposons de comparer pour une même population deux méthodes de dépistage des aneuploïdies, et de discuter de l'importance de la qualité des mesures de la clarté nucale lors de l'échographie du premier trimestre. Il s'agit d'une étude prospective réalisée sur une période de 18 mois. Nous avons comparé les résultats du calcul de risque réalisé selon deux méthodes. La première tenant compte uniquement de l'âge maternel et des marqueurs sériques, et la deuxième intégrant en plus la clarté nucale. 19% des 221 parturientes étaient âgées de plus de 38 ans. Le test de dépistage selon la 1ère méthode était sensible pour le seul cas d'aneuploïdie rencontré. La puissance de ce test était de 60%. Le dosage des marqueurs sériques du deuxième trimestre a permis le dépistage des défauts de fermeture du tube neural avec une valeur statistiquement significative en termes de spécificité (98,6%) et de valeur prédictive négative (100%). La médiane des mesures de CN était de 0,75 MoM pour l'âge gestationnel. Uniquement 17,6% des mesures étaient situées dans l'intervalle [0,9 -1,1] MoM. Nous n'avons pas objectivé de différence significative entre les deux méthodes dépistage en matière de puissance. Cependant, en termes de faux positifs le test combiné s'est avéré plus intéressant, son utilisation aurait pu nous éviter 18 prélèvements invasifs. L'avenir immédiat en Tunisie doit se diriger vers un dépistage combiné au premier trimestre. Cette stratégie ne peut se faire qu'après instauration d'un contrôle qualité des mesures à la fois biologiques et échographiques.Pan African Medical Journal 2016; 2

    Physiological responses of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L) exposed to air and soil pollution near the industrial complex in Sfax, Tunisia

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    International audienceThis study aims to evaluate the impact of complex air and soil pollutions on date palm plants (Phoenix dactylifera), one of the most important commercially valuable crops in Tunisia. These field experiments were performed in the vicinity of the industrial complex in the south of Tunisia (Sfax) for the polluted samples and in unpolluted areas for control date palm plants. Several biomarkers were studied belonging mainly to the antioxidant system like enzymes or antioxidant compounds.Mains results indicate that air and sol pollution induced an oxidative stress as demonstrated by an increase in the rate of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production, electrolyte leakage and lipid peroxidation in all plant parts. This stress affects chlorophyll and carotenoid contents of leaves. Additionally, the activities of enzymes involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxification were affected. Air and soil pollution induce an increase in the activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). Moreover, in polluted date palm plants the contents of antioxidant molecules like polyphenols and proline increase strongly, this is consistent with the role of these potent antioxidants in scavenging ROS. The present study evidenced the deleterious effects of industrial activity on antioxidative defense system of Phoenix dactylifera, an important crop species spreading in arid region of Tunisia

    Soil fluoride spiking effects on olive trees (Olea europaea L. cv. Chemlali)

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    International audienceA pot experiment under open air conditions was carried out to investigate the uptake, accumulation and toxicity effects of fluoride in olive trees (Olea europaea L.) grown in a soil spiked with inorganic sodium fluoride (NaF). Six different levels (0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 mM NaF) of soil spiking were applied through NaF to irrigation water. At the end of the experiment, total fluoride content in soil was 20 and 1770 mg F kg−1 soil in control and 100 mM NaF treatments, respectively. The comparative distribution of fluoride partitioning among the different olive tree parts showed that the roots accumulated the most fluoride and olive fruits were minimally affected by soil NaF spiking as they had the lowest fluoride content. In fact, total fluoride concentration varied between 12 and 1070 µg F g−1 in roots, between 9 and 570 µg F g−1 in shoots, between 12 and 290 µg F g−1 in leaves, and between 10 and 29 µg F g−1 in fruits, respectively for control and 100 mM NaF treatments. Indeed, the fluoride accumulation pattern showed the following distribution: roots>shoots>leaves>fruits. On the other hand, fluoride toxicity symptoms such as leaf necrosis and leaf drop appeared only in highly spiked soils (60, 80 and 100 mM NaF)

    Exogenous proline enhances growth, mineral uptake, antioxidant defense, and reduces cadmium-induced oxidative damage in young date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.)

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    International audienceThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of cadmium stress on growth and physiological traits in young date palms and to evaluate the role of exogenous proline in cadmium stress alleviation. Two-year-old date palm plants were subjected for five months to different cadmium stress levels (10 and 30 mg CdCl2 kg−1 soil) supplied or not with exogenous proline (20 mM) through irrigation water. Cadmium stress caused a decline in growth, macronutrient contents (Ca2+, Mg2+, and K+), membrane stability index (MSI), starch content and guaiacol peroxidase (POD) activity. In contrast, an increase of H2O2, soluble sugar, ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity as well as total polyphenols was observed. Interestingly, exogenous proline effectively mitigated the adverse effects of cadmium on young date palms. Indeed, Cd accumulation was decreased and antioxidant defense systems were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) activated in date palm leaves and roots. Consequently, growth and mineral nutrition were enhanced when proline was added to Cd stressed plant

    Impact of proline application on cadmium accumulation, mineral nutrition and enzymatic antioxidant defense system of Olea europaea L. cv Chemlali exposed to cadmium stress

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    International audienceProline plays an important role in plant response to various environmental stresses. However, its involvement in mitigation of heavy metal stress in plants remains elusive. In this study, we examined the effectiveness of exogenous proline (10 and 20mM) in alleviating cadmium induced inhibitory effects in young olive plants (Olea europaea L. cv. Chemlali) exposed to two Cd levels (10 and 30mg CdCl2kg(-1) soil). The Cd treatment induced substantial accumulation of Cd in both root and leaf tissues and a decrease in gas exchange, photosynthetic pigments contents, uptake of essential elements (Ca, Mg and K) and plant biomass. Furthermore, an elevation of antioxidant enzymes activities (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxydase) and proline content in association with relatively high amounts of hydrogen peroxide, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and electrolyte leakage were observed. Interestingly, the application of exogenous proline alleviated the oxidative damage induced by Cd accumulation. In fact, Cd-stressed olive plants treated with proline showed an increase of antioxidant enzymes activities, photosynthetic activity, nutritional status, plant growth and oil content of olive fruit. Generally, it seems that proline supplementation alleviated the deleterious effects of young olive plants exposed to Cd stres

    Biochemical responses of Olea europaea L. cv. Chemlali exposed to air and soil pollution near the industrial complex in Sfax, Tunisia

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    International audienceThis study aims to evaluate the impact of complex air and soil pollutions on Olea europaea L. cv. chemlali, one of the most important commercially valuable crops in Tunisia. These field experiments were performed in the vicinity of the industrial complex in the South of Sfax, Tunisia for the polluted olive trees and in unpolluted areas for control ones. Several biomarkers were studied belonging mainly to the antioxidant system like enzymes or antioxidant compounds. Main results indicate that air and sol pollutions induced an oxidative stress as demonstrated by an increase in the rate of hydrogen-peroxide (H2O2) production, electrolyte leakage, and lipid peroxidation in all plant parts.This stress affects chlorophyll and carotenoid contents of leaves. Additionally, the activities of enzymes involved in reactive-oxygenspecies (ROS) detoxification were affected. Air and soil pollutions induce an increase in the activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). Moreover, in polluted olive trees, the content of antioxidant molecules like polyphenols, flavonoids and anthocyanins increases strongly. This is consistent with the role of these potent antioxidants in scavenging ROS such as H2O2. This study evidences the deleterious effects of industrial activity on antioxidative defense system of Olea europaea L. cv. Chemlali

    Association of LRP5 genotypes with osteoporosis in Tunisian post-menopausal women

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    Osteoporosis is a highly heritable trait. Among the genes associated with bone mineral density (BMD), the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 gene (LRP5) has been consistently identified in Caucasians. However LRP5 contribution to osteoporosis in populations of other ethnicities remains poorly known
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