Evaluation of Failure Probability of Soil Cushions

Risk and Reliability in Geotechnical Engineerin

Microscopic fungi of wheat grain in the Polissya zone

The article presents the data on the quantitative and qualitative composition of micromycetes of wheat grain grown in the Polissya region. During the research period, an average of 2.88-104 ± 3.62-103 colony forming units (CFU) per 1 g of grain was found in wheat grain samples collected in the Polissya region. Twenty species of microscopic fungi belonging to 9 genera were isolated from the wheat grain of the Polissya zone. Among them were the genera Alternaria (92.5 %), Mucor (92.5 %), Aspergillus (83.0 %), Penicillium (47.2 %), Fusarium (60.4 %), Phoma (15,.1 %), Mycelia (15.1 %), Trichotecium (1.9 %) and Monascus (1.9 %) of the samples. Aspergillus niger (17.0 %), Aspergillus candidus (9.4 %), and Aspergillus terreus (1.9 %) were detected less frequently among Aspergillus. Fusarium spp. (17.0 %), Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium moniliforme, Fusarium semitectum in (5.7 %), and Fusarium culmorum (3.8 %) of the samples were identified among Fusarium. A smaller number of microscopic fungi species represents the endophytic mycobiota of wheat grain. Among the isolates of micromycetes isolated from the Polissya zone, pure cultures were obtained from F. sporotrichiella var. tricinctum isolate 1218/4, and F. sporotrichiella isolate 1218/5. These isolates were atoxic against the test culture Candida pseudotropicalis strain 44 PC, but F. sporotrichiella var. tricinctum 1218/4 produced a growth retardation zone with Rf 0.05 and produced an unidentified trichothecene mycotoxin (TTMT). Among the isolated fungi, Aspergillus flavus isolate 1219/3 and Aspergillus flavus isolate 1221/1 were the first to produce kojic and aspergillic acids and the second to synthesize penicillic and aspergillic acids. To reduce the negative effect of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol on the body of chickens of the meat and egg breed Adler Silver, the birds were fed the sorbent “Mikosorb”. It was found that when added to the diet, the sorbent “Mikosorb” in the amount of 2.0 % of the total feed weight reduces the negative effect of deoxynivalenol on the body of chickens of the experimental group. This was confirmed by a 12.0 % reduction in bird mortality. Feeding “Microsorb” in the amount of 2.0 % by weight of complete feed contributed to an increase in the average daily weight gain of poultry during the experiment by 5.43 % compared to the experimental group that consumed feed with the toxin deoxynivalenol (DON). During the experiment, the birds of the experimental group No. 2 consumed 28.91 kg of feed more than group No. 2. Feeding the sorbent “Mikosorb” in the amount of 2.0 % of the feed weight to chickens of the meat and egg breed Adler silver contributes to an increase in gross weight gain by 9.69 kg during the experiment. The use of “Mikosorb” in the technology of feeding chickens of experimental group No. 2 contributed to an increase in the profitability of poultry production by up to 12.0 % compared to poultry that consumed feed affected by DON toxin. After analyzing the scientific results from the literature and our research results, we concluded that the abovementioned studies on wheat grain should be carried out throughout Ukraine during harvesting and storage in warehouses or storages

Development of A Method of Utilization of Oil and Gas Industry Waste at Pereshchepyno Field (Ukraine)

The object of research is the technological solutions for the construction of sludge barns at the Pereschepyno field (Ukraine). One of the most problematic places is the lack of reliable insulation of sludge barns and storage facilities. The study used a screen type «wall in the soil» of elements of soil cement, which prevents the filtration of the aqueous phase. The screen was built monolithic. It is proposed to arrange the shade between the centers of the curtain equal to 0.8 of the diameter of the element. It is proposed to make elements from soil cement by the brown-mixing method. After 28 days (hardening of the elements) up to 60 % of the soil was removed from the waste storage area. This is due to the fact that the proposed method of arrangement of waste storage has a number of features. Over time, the strength and permeability of the aqueous phase of soil cement increase. It is proposed to fill the storage with drilling waste after the enclosing elements have hardened. In order for the soil to have a suitable humidity of 4–5 %, it is proposed to dry it outdoors. It is proposed to build a cover over the soil dump. If the optimum humidity of the mixture is not obtained after drying and mixing the waste with the soil, it is proposed to add a drying additive (ash removal of Mykolayiv thermal power plant). The amount of additive is from 1.5 to 3 % depending on the type of soil. Next, it is proposed to seal the layers of sludge and loam by rammers. After compaction, the operation is repeated. Compaction of soil layers is proposed to be carried out at optimum humidity. In comparison with similar known methods, this method provides the following advantages: low cost of manufacture due to the use of a waterproof layer of soil as the bottom of the structure; high water resistance – W12; high compressive strength; environmental safety and durability

Development of A Method of Utilization of Oil and Gas Industry Waste at Pereshchepyno Field (Ukraine)

The object of research is the technological solutions for the construction of sludge barns at the Pereschepyno field (Ukraine). One of the most problematic places is the lack of reliable insulation of sludge barns and storage facilities. The study used a screen type «wall in the soil» of elements of soil cement, which prevents the filtration of the aqueous phase. The screen was built monolithic. It is proposed to arrange the shade between the centers of the curtain equal to 0.8 of the diameter of the element. It is proposed to make elements from soil cement by the brown-mixing method. After 28 days (hardening of the elements) up to 60 % of the soil was removed from the waste storage area. This is due to the fact that the proposed method of arrangement of waste storage has a number of features. Over time, the strength and permeability of the aqueous phase of soil cement increase. It is proposed to fill the storage with drilling waste after the enclosing elements have hardened. In order for the soil to have a suitable humidity of 4–5 %, it is proposed to dry it outdoors. It is proposed to build a cover over the soil dump. If the optimum humidity of the mixture is not obtained after drying and mixing the waste with the soil, it is proposed to add a drying additive (ash removal of Mykolayiv thermal power plant). The amount of additive is from 1.5 to 3 % depending on the type of soil. Next, it is proposed to seal the layers of sludge and loam by rammers. After compaction, the operation is repeated. Compaction of soil layers is proposed to be carried out at optimum humidity. In comparison with similar known methods, this method provides the following advantages: low cost of manufacture due to the use of a waterproof layer of soil as the bottom of the structure; high water resistance – W12; high compressive strength; environmental safety and durability