Biology

УЧЕБНО-МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ ПОСОБИЯБИОЛОГИЯИНОСТРАННЫЕ СТУДЕНТЫДОВУЗОВСКАЯ ПОДГОТОВКАКЛЕТКИРАЗМНОЖЕНИЕНАСЛЕДСТВЕННОСТЬИЗМЕНЧИВОСТЬ ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКАЯВИРУСЫБАКТЕРИИВОДОРОСЛИЛИШАЙНИКИГРИБЫРАСТЕНИЯЖИВОТНЫЕЧЕЛОВЕКА РАЗВИТИЕМОРФОГЕНЕЗВ пособии рассматриваются сущность жизни, уровни организации живого, биология и физиология клетки, размножение организмов, индивидуальное развитие, наследственность и изменчивость, вирусы, бактерии, водоросли, лишайники, грибы, растения, животные, особенности строения и физиологии человека. Большое внимание уделяется медицинским аспектам рассматриваемых отделов, нервной, сердечно-сосудистой, выделительной и другим системам организм

Biology

УЧЕБНО-МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ ПОСОБИЯБИОЛОГИЯИНОСТРАННЫЕ СТУДЕНТЫДОВУЗОВСКАЯ ПОДГОТОВКАКЛЕТКИРАЗМНОЖЕНИЕНАСЛЕДСТВЕННОСТЬИЗМЕНЧИВОСТЬ ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКАЯВИРУСЫБАКТЕРИИВОДОРОСЛИЛИШАЙНИКИГРИБЫРАСТЕНИЯЖИВОТНЫЕЧЕЛОВЕКА РАЗВИТИЕМОРФОГЕНЕЗВ пособии рассматриваются сущность жизни, уровни организации живого, биология и физиология клетки, размножение организмов, индивидуальное развитие, наследственность и изменчивость, вирусы, бактерии, водоросли, лишайники, грибы, растения, животные, особенности строения и физиологии человека. Большое внимание уделяется медицинским аспектам рассматриваемых отделов, нервной, сердечно-сосудистой, выделительной и другим системам организм

Practical book on biology

УЧЕБНО-МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ ПОСОБИЯПРАКТИКУМЫБИОЛОГИЯИНОСТРАННЫЕ СТУДЕНТЫДОВУЗОВСКАЯ ПОДГОТОВКАКЛЕТКИРАЗМНОЖЕНИЕНАСЛЕДСТВЕННОСТЬИЗМЕНЧИВОСТЬ ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКАЯВИРУСЫБАКТЕРИИВОДОРОСЛИЛИШАЙНИКИГРИБЫРАСТЕНИЯЖИВОТНЫЕЧЕЛОВЕКА РАЗВИТИЕМОРФОГЕНЕЗВ практикуме рассматриваются сущность жизни, уровни организации живого, биология и физиология клетки, размножение организмов, индивидуальное развитие, наследственность и изменчивость, вирусы, бактерии, водоросли, лишайники, грибы, растения, животные, особенности строения и физиологии человека. Пособие включает 34 темы практических и 5 итоговых занятий. Каждое практическое занятие состоит из вводной части материала, цели занятия, вопросов, основных понятий и терминов для подготовки к занятию, 20 тестов для проверки уровня знаний по теме, литературы для подготовки и материалов для выполнения практической работы. Итоговые занятия включают цель, вопросы для подготовки, литературу и материалы для выполнения практической работы

Coordinating openness to diversity and contesting contributions in online communities

This paper studies the processes and mechanisms that enable online communities to coordinate and transform contesting contributions from multiple heterogeneous members with distinct visions and knowledge into productive outputs. Our research studies the OpenStreetMap communities of Belarus and Portugal, building on the analysis of 100 arguable cases at the community forums, chats, and mail lists; 30 in-depth interviews; and 16 hours of ethnographic observations of offline community meetings. The results reveal that online communities tend to self-organizes into groups with diverse ecosystem of IT tools and contribution mechanisms. Such groups engage in a conflicting interplay, which generates constructive processes within and between groups, enabling these to transform contesting contributions into a variety of productive outputs. Based on our findings, we develop a process model of transforming contesting contributions into productive outputs within online communities and discuss the implications of these findings for research on openness and online communities

Gearing motion in cogwheel pairs of molecular rotors: weak-coupling limit

Variable-​temp. (VT) crystal structures, VT 1H spin-​lattice relaxation in static crystals, and DFT modeling of the rotational barriers of BCP rotators in cryst. arrays of a rod-​like mol. contg. two 1,​3-​bis(ethynyl)​bicyclo[1.1.1]​pentane (BCP) units demonstrate that a correlated gearing motion occurs in the limit of a weak coupling between two rotors in a pair

The emerging importance of lymphatics in health and disease: An NIH workshop report

The lymphatic system (LS) is composed of lymphoid organs and a network of vessels that transport interstitial fluid, antigens, lipids, cholesterol, immune cells, and other materials in the body. Abnormal development or malfunction of the LS has been shown to play a key role in the pathophysiology of many disease states. Thus, improved understanding of the anatomical and molecular characteristics of the LS may provide approaches for disease prevention or treatment. Recent advances harnessing single-cell technologies, clinical imaging, discovery of biomarkers, and computational tools have led to the development of strategies to study the LS. This Review summarizes the outcomes of the NIH workshop entitled Yet to be Charted: Lymphatic System in Health and Disease, held in September 2022, with emphasis on major areas for advancement. International experts showcased the current state of knowledge regarding the LS and highlighted remaining challenges and opportunities to advance the field

Quantitative insights into the cyanobacterial cell economy

© Zavřel et al. Phototrophic microorganisms are promising resources for green biotechnology. Compared to heterotrophic microorganisms, however, the cellular economy of phototrophic growth is still insufficiently understood. We provide a quantitative analysis of light-limited, light-saturated, and light-inhibited growth of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 using a reproducible cultivation setup. We report key physiological parameters, including growth rate, cell size, and photosynthetic activity over a wide range of light intensities. Intracellular proteins were quantified to monitor proteome allocation as a function of growth rate. Among other physiological acclimations, we identify an upregulation of the translational machinery and downregulation of light harvesting components with increasing light intensity and growth rate. The resulting growth laws are discussed in the context of a coarse-grained model of phototrophic growth and available data obtained by a comprehensive literature search. Our insights into quantitative aspects of cyanobacterial acclimations to different growth rates have implications to understand and optimize photosynthetic productivity

Indication for the coexistence of closed orbit and quantum interferometer with the same cross section in the organic metal (ET)4(H3O)[Fe(C2O4)3].C6H4Cl2: Persistence of SdH oscillations above 30 K

Shubnikov-de Haas (SdH) and de Haas-van Alphen (dHvA) oscillations spectra of the quasi-two dimensional charge transfer salt $\beta$"-(ET)$_4$(H$_3$O)[Fe(C$_2$O$_4$)$_3$]$\cdot$C$_6$H$_4$Cl$_2$ have been investigated in pulsed magnetic fields up to 54 T. The data reveal three basic frequencies F$_a$, F$_b$ and F$_{b - a}$, which can be interpreted on the basis of three compensated closed orbits at low temperature. However a very weak thermal damping of the Fourier component F$_b$, with the highest amplitude, is evidenced for SdH spectra above about 6 K. As a result, magnetoresistance oscillations are observed at temperatures higher than 30 K. This feature, which is not observed for dHvA oscillations, is in line with quantum interference, pointing to a Fermi surface reconstruction in this compound.Comment: published in Eur. Phys. J. B 71 203 (2009

Robust Dirac-Cone Band Structure in the Molecular Kagome Compound (EDT-TTF-CONH₂)₆[Re₆Se₈(CN)₆]

(EDT-TTF-CONH2)(6)[Re6Se8(CN)(6)] is a molecular solid with R3 space group symmetry and has the remarkable feature of exhibiting hybrid donor layers with a kagome topology which sustain metallic conductivity. We report a detailed study of the structural evolution of the system as a function of temperature and pressure. This rhombohedral phase is maintained on cooling down to 220 K or up to 0.7 GPa pressure, beyond which a symmetry-breaking transition to a triclinic PI phase drives a metal to insulator transition. Band structures calculated from the structural data lead to a clear description of the effects of temperature and pressure on the structural and electronic properties of this system. Linear energy dispersion is calculated at the zero-gap Fermi level where valence and conduction bands touch for the rhombohedral phase. (EDT-TTF-CONH2)(6)[Re6Se8(CN)(6)] thus exhibits a regular (right circular) Dirac-cone like that of graphene at the Fermi level, which has not been reported previously in a molecular solid. The Dirac-cone is robust over the stability region of the rhombohedral phase, and may result in exotic electronic transport and optical properties

The genome and transcriptome of Trichormus sp NMC-1: insights into adaptation to extreme environments on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) has the highest biodiversity for an extreme environment worldwide, and provides an ideal natural laboratory to study adaptive evolution. In this study, we generated a draft genome sequence of cyanobacteria Trichormus sp. NMC-1 in the QTP and performed whole transcriptome sequencing under low temperature to investigate the genetic mechanism by which T. sp. NMC-1 adapted to the specific environment. Its genome sequence was 5.9 Mb with a G+C content of 39.2% and encompassed a total of 5362 CDS. A phylogenomic tree indicated that this strain belongs to the Trichormus and Anabaena cluster. Genome comparison between T. sp. NMC-1 and six relatives showed that functionally unknown genes occupied a much higher proportion (28.12%) of the T. sp. NMC-1 genome. In addition, functions of specific, significant positively selected, expanded orthogroups, and differentially expressed genes involved in signal transduction, cell wall/membrane biogenesis, secondary metabolite biosynthesis, and energy production and conversion were analyzed to elucidate specific adaptation traits. Further analyses showed that the CheY-like genes, extracellular polysaccharide and mycosporine-like amino acids might play major roles in adaptation to harsh environments. Our findings indicate that sophisticated genetic mechanisms are involved in cyanobacterial adaptation to the extreme environment of the QTP