Synthetic Biology and its application

Sintetska biologija je mlada grana znanosti koja se počela razvijati tek u zadnjih deset godina. Ona se preklapa i nadopunjava sa sistemskom biologijom. Koristi različite metode iz različitih grana znanosti poput matematike, fizike, kemije, biologije, računalnih znanosti i inženjerstva. Cilj joj je stvoriti nove vrste života ili mijenjati postojeće žive sustave kako bi uvela neke nove funkcije u biološke organizme. Zbog toga je jako osjetljiva na pitanja bioetike, biosigurnosti i biozaštite. Njezina primjena je raznolika, a najviše se koristi u stvaranju novih biogoriva i lijekova. U drugom dijelu ovog rada opisane su neke primjene sintetske biologije iz područja sinteskih genetskih puteva, sintetskih metaboličkih puteva, sintetske genomike te natjecanje iz područja sintetske biologije za studente iz svih dijelova svijeta.Synthetic biology is a young scientific discipline which started to develop in the last ten years. It is complementary to and interdependent with systems biology. It uses methods from different scientific disciplines like mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, computer sciences and engineering. Its goal is to make new life forms or to change existing living systems and thus introduce some novel functions into biological organism. Because of this, it is very sensitive to questions of bioethics, biosafety and biosecurity. Its applications are vast, but it is mostly used for creating new biofuels and drugs. In the second part of this seminar I described different applications of synthetic biology in the fields of synthetic gene circuits, synthetic metabolic networks, synthetic genomics and finally, the iGEM competition in synthetic biology for students from all around the world

KE-formulacija za aplikacije virtualne stvarnosti

Virtual reality (VR), as a novel technology, represents one of the most powerful tools to assist or even play the major role in many areas, such as development of new designs, training medical practitioners or assembly operators, entertaining industry, etc. On the other hand, the finite element method (FEM) imposed itself as an essential technical support for the needs of computing flexible bodies’ deformational behavior. FEM together with CAD are important ingredients of VR. In the VR applications that imply interactive simulations with flexible bodies included, the efficiency of FEM formulations is of crucial importance. The paper presents a co-rotational FEM-formulation developed to meet the needs of simulating geometrically nonlinear deformational behavior at interactive frame rates. It is presented here in combination with a rather simple linear tetrahedral element. The formulation is enriched with a coupled-mesh technique to enable the usage of rougher FEM models to compute deformational behavior of complex geometries. The advantages of an iterative solver and the solution procedure for both static and dynamic analyses are discussed.Virtualna stvarnost (VR), kao nova tehnologija, predstavlja jednu od najmoćnijih alatki koje podržavaju rad ili čak igraju glavnu ulogu u mnogim područjima, kao što su razvoj novih dizajna, trening liječnika ili montažera, industrija zabave, itd. S druge strane, metoda konačnih elemenata (MKE) se nametnula kao osnovna tehnička podrška za potrebe proračunavanja deformacijskog ponašanja elastičnih tijela. MKE je zajedno s CAD-om, važan dio VR-a. U VR aplikacijama koje podrazumijevaju interaktivnu simulaciju s elastičnim tijelima, efikasnost MKE formulacije je od presudne važnosti. Rad predstavlja korotacijsku MKE formulaciju razvijenu s ciljem simuliranja geometrijski nelinearnog ponašanja u interaktivnoj domeni. Formulacija je predstavljena u kombinaciji s vrlo jednostavnim linearnim elementom tipa tetraedra. Formulacija je proširena tehnikom spregnutih mreža kako bi se omogućilo korištenje grubljih MKE modela za određivanje deformacijskog ponašanja složenih geometrija. Razmotrene su prednosti iterativnog solvera kao i procedura rješavanja statičke i dinamičke analize

THE ANALYSIS OF FEM RESULTS CONVERGENCE IN MODELLING PIEZOELECTRIC ACTIVE SHELL STRUCTURES

The field of active/adaptive structures has been the subject of intense interest over the past couple of decades. The progress in this research field strongly depends on the availability of adequate and reliable modelling tools. Regarding structural analysis in general, the finite element method (FEM) has imposed itself as the method of choice for modelling and simulation. Piezoelectric active structures are characterized by strong enough coupling between the mechanical field and the electric field, which is further used for the realization of active structural behaviour. The descriptions of the mechanical and electrical field as well as their coupling significantly affect the convergence of the FEM results with mesh refinement, which may proceed in a trend different to what is commonly expected when FEM is applied to purely mechanical problems. The paper considers this aspect by using two quadratic shell type finite elements developed for modelling piezoelectric composite laminates. Both full and uniformly reduced integration techniques are taken into consideration in a set of examples involving composite laminates with active piezoelectric layers

Synthetic Biology and its application

Sintetska biologija je mlada grana znanosti koja se počela razvijati tek u zadnjih deset godina. Ona se preklapa i nadopunjava sa sistemskom biologijom. Koristi različite metode iz različitih grana znanosti poput matematike, fizike, kemije, biologije, računalnih znanosti i inženjerstva. Cilj joj je stvoriti nove vrste života ili mijenjati postojeće žive sustave kako bi uvela neke nove funkcije u biološke organizme. Zbog toga je jako osjetljiva na pitanja bioetike, biosigurnosti i biozaštite. Njezina primjena je raznolika, a najviše se koristi u stvaranju novih biogoriva i lijekova. U drugom dijelu ovog rada opisane su neke primjene sintetske biologije iz područja sinteskih genetskih puteva, sintetskih metaboličkih puteva, sintetske genomike te natjecanje iz područja sintetske biologije za studente iz svih dijelova svijeta.Synthetic biology is a young scientific discipline which started to develop in the last ten years. It is complementary to and interdependent with systems biology. It uses methods from different scientific disciplines like mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, computer sciences and engineering. Its goal is to make new life forms or to change existing living systems and thus introduce some novel functions into biological organism. Because of this, it is very sensitive to questions of bioethics, biosafety and biosecurity. Its applications are vast, but it is mostly used for creating new biofuels and drugs. In the second part of this seminar I described different applications of synthetic biology in the fields of synthetic gene circuits, synthetic metabolic networks, synthetic genomics and finally, the iGEM competition in synthetic biology for students from all around the world

Synthetic Biology and its application

Sintetska biologija je mlada grana znanosti koja se počela razvijati tek u zadnjih deset godina. Ona se preklapa i nadopunjava sa sistemskom biologijom. Koristi različite metode iz različitih grana znanosti poput matematike, fizike, kemije, biologije, računalnih znanosti i inženjerstva. Cilj joj je stvoriti nove vrste života ili mijenjati postojeće žive sustave kako bi uvela neke nove funkcije u biološke organizme. Zbog toga je jako osjetljiva na pitanja bioetike, biosigurnosti i biozaštite. Njezina primjena je raznolika, a najviše se koristi u stvaranju novih biogoriva i lijekova. U drugom dijelu ovog rada opisane su neke primjene sintetske biologije iz područja sinteskih genetskih puteva, sintetskih metaboličkih puteva, sintetske genomike te natjecanje iz područja sintetske biologije za studente iz svih dijelova svijeta.Synthetic biology is a young scientific discipline which started to develop in the last ten years. It is complementary to and interdependent with systems biology. It uses methods from different scientific disciplines like mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, computer sciences and engineering. Its goal is to make new life forms or to change existing living systems and thus introduce some novel functions into biological organism. Because of this, it is very sensitive to questions of bioethics, biosafety and biosecurity. Its applications are vast, but it is mostly used for creating new biofuels and drugs. In the second part of this seminar I described different applications of synthetic biology in the fields of synthetic gene circuits, synthetic metabolic networks, synthetic genomics and finally, the iGEM competition in synthetic biology for students from all around the world

Prinicipi i standardi rekonstrukcije krivičnog događaja

This paper deals with crime reconstruction as a method of crime investigation which represents a set of systematic, analytical processes which serve to provide relevant information about the manner of creation and dynamics of crime perpetration. Special attention is paid to ethical principles of crime reconstruction, as well as to the relationship between a scientific method and crime reconstruction method. In addition to this, basic information on models, scientific principles and practical standards of crime reconstruction have been presented. The subject of research is directed towards the analysis of determinants of creation of material pieces of evidence, as well as towards establishing theories and scientific principles for their analysis in order to deduct evidence admissible in court. Finally, the paper analyses the place of crime reconstruction within a complex procedure of its clearing up and proving.Rekonstrukcija krivičnog dela se definiše kao skup sistematskih analitičkih procesa kojima se obezbeđuju relevantne informacije o načinu nastanka i dinamici izvršenja krivičnog dela. Polaznu osnovu u njenoj realizaciji čine materijalni dokazi, do kojih se najvećim delom dolazi na uviđaju, ali i iskazi svedoka, žrtve i okrivljenog. Pri tome treba imati u vidu činjenicu da je percepcija krivičnog dela od strane različitih subjekata različita, te da je rezultat odraza radnje i determinanti krivičnog dela u njihovoj svesti. Rezultati rekonstrukcije zavise od poštovanja etičkih principa profesije, primene naučnih metoda i praktičnih standarda analize dokaza. Takođe, oni su direktno uslovljeni i profesionalizmom koji se manifestuje kroz stručnu (posedovanje neophodnih znanja vezanih za profesiju) i moralnu komponentu (etički kodeks profesije) ličnosti kriminaliste. Objektivna analiza činjenica, odnosno dokaza, podrazumeva postojanje profesionalnog integriteta i nezavisnosti osobe koja izvodi zaključke. Poseban akcenat u postupku rekonstrukcije treba staviti na praktične standarde, kao fundamentalna pravila interpretacije dokaza u postupku rekonstrukcije krivičnog dela

COMBINED LINEAR - GEOMETRICALLY NONLINEAR FEM MODELING FOR HIGHLY EFFICIENT DYNAMICAL SIMULATIONS

Software packages for multi-body system (MBS) dynamics are efficient tools for modeling interconnected rigid and/or flexible bodies. Consideration of flexible bodies in commercially available MBS software packages is limited to linear elastic behavior. In many cases though, structural behavior includes geometrical nonlinearities, which are, however, restricted to a relatively small structural sub-domain. The paper addresses the idea of combined linear - geometrically nonlinear FEM modeling that aims at high accuracy with optimal numerical effort. The approach can be of great importance in all areas where highly efficient MBS or FEM models are required, such as robotics, car industry, etc. The idea is demonstrated in the paper on an example involving a tower crane with a suspended load. The model reduction based on modal superposition technique is used for the linear part of the model, which further improves the numerical efficiency. Dynamics is resolved by means of an explicit time integration scheme. The results by the proposed approach are compared with those computed by rigorous geometrically nonlinear approach in commercially available software package ABAQUS.Key words: geometrical nonlinearity, modal superposition, tower crane, explicit time-integration schem