Preparation and Analysis by Ion Exchange Techniques of Sodium Salts of Mandelic Acid Derivatives

Author Institution: Department of Chemistry, Xavier University, Cincinnati, Ohioen sodium salts of mandelic acid derivatives were prepared and analyzed. Results obtained by an ion-exchange-titration method of analysis agreed with those obtained by a gravimetric procedur

Correlation of the Rates of Solvolysis of Two Arenesulfonyl Chlorides and of trans-β-Styrenesulfonyl Chloride – Precursors in the Development of New Pharmaceuticals

Additional specific rates of solvolysis have been determined, mainly in fluoroalcohol containing solvents, for benzenesulfonyl chloride (1) and p-nitrobenzene-sulfonyl chloride (2). For trans-β-styrenesulfonyl chloride (3), a study has been carried out in 43 pure and binary solvents, covering a wide range of hyroxylic solvent systems. For the specific rates of solvolyses of each of the three substrates, a good correlation was obtained over the full range of solvents when the extended Grunwald-Winstein equation was applied. The sensitivities to changes in solvent nucleophilicity and solvent ionizing power are similar to values determined earlier and an SN2 process is proposed. For 3, kinetic solvent isotope effects of 1.46 for kH2O/kD2O and 1.76 for kMeOH/kMeOD were determined. These are also compared to literature values for other sulfonyl chlorides

Tabaksratelvirus in aardappel : abaksratelvirus als oorzaak van kringerigheid en opbrengstreductie in aardappelrassen

Tabaksratelvirus (TRV) behoort tot de zogenaamde ‘tobravirussen’ en komt bij een zeer groot aantal plantensoorten voor. TRV wordt van de ene naar de andere plant overgebracht door aaltjes die behoren tot de geslachten Trichodorus en Paratrichodorus. In Nederland gaat het vooral om de soorten Paratrichodorus teres, Paratrichodorus pachydermus en Trichodorus primitivus. Deze aaltjes komen vrijwel uitsluitend voor op zandgrond en lichte zavelgrond. Het in dit rapport beschreven onderzoek had als voornaamste doelstelling na te gaan of TRV wordt overgedragen naar dochterknollen en vandaar naar de volgende teelt. Er zijn zes aardappelrassen in het onderzoek meegenomen. Deze rassen verschillen van elkaar in resistentieniveau tegen kringerigheid: Bintje en Roxy werden beschouwd als weinig vatbaar, Saturna en Wilja als vrij weinig vatbaar en Santé en Santana als vatbaar. In dit onderzoek is vastgesteld dat een moederknol of -plant die wordt geïnfecteerd door een Trichodoride-aaltje, het virus kan overdragen aan haar dochterknollen. Er zijn grote verschillen in vatbaarheid voor TRV tussen de aardappelrassen en virustypen. Wat betreft gevoeligheid voor kringerigheid in de knollen, zijn er eveneens verschillen tussen rassen en virustypen. Ook wat betreft overdraagbaarheid van het virus via het pootgoed zijn er verschillen tussen rassen en virustype (c.q. de aaltjessoort die als primaire vector optrad

Rare adrenal cavernous hemangioma: a case report highlighting diagnostic challenges

IntroductionAdrenal cavernous hemangiomas are rare benign vascular tumors that pose significant diagnostic challenges. Despite their benign nature, features overlapping with malignancies often complicate management decisions.Case presentationA 64-year-old male presented with a 4.4 cm necrotic left adrenal mass discovered incidentally on imaging. His medical history included papillary thyroid carcinoma, with subsequent thyroidectomy and radioactive iodine ablation. Evaluations for hiccups revealed multiple lung nodules, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and anemia. Given the patient’s previous cancer history, elevated aldosterone/renin ratio, and mass size, our multidisciplinary tumor board decided to proceed with a left adrenalectomy. Post-surgical pathology confirmed a diagnosis of adrenal cavernous hemangioma.ConclusionThe occurrence of ambiguous adrenal mass with other pathologies, such as our patient’s papillary thyroid carcinoma, complicates the diagnostic and therapeutic landscape. As demonstrated in our case, opting for surgery remains a viable solution for adrenal cavernous hemangiomas, especially for masses greater than 4 cm. Interdisciplinary collaboration, exemplified by our tumor board’s decision-making process, is crucial for optimal management. This case underscores the need for a multifaceted approach when confronting adrenal masses with such diagnostic ambiguity

Healthy environments from a broad perspective : an overview of research performed at the unit Building Physics and Systems of Eindhoven University of Technology

The design and realization of a healthy indoor environment is a challenge that is investigated from different perspectives at the unit Building Physics and Systems (BPS; Faculty of Architecture, Building and Planning) of Eindhoven University of Technology. Performance requirements (for instance, with respect to air quality, thermal comfort and lighting) and performance based assessment methods are the point-of-departure, focusing at computational techniques supporting the design process. Different specific application fields such as dwellings, offices, schools, but also, operating theatres, churches, musea and multifunctional stadiums, underline the applied approach that is part of the research within the unit. In the design of healthy environments, the performance based design assessment is crucial in arriving at innovative design solutions and optimized indoor and outdoor environments. In this assessment computational support tools and experimental verification play an important role. However, assessing the right indicators in an objective way, applying the correct tools and correct application of these tools is not yet well established. Alongside, developments are still ongoing. The work performed in the unit by the different researchers relates to the research questions that can be derived from this notice. The paper gives an introduction to the Unit BPS and presents a brief overview of recent and ongoing research. An extensive list of references is provided for further reading and supports the conclusion that healthy environments can and should be addressed from a wide angle

Healthy environments from a broad perspective : an overview of research performed at the unit Building Physics and Systems of Eindhoven University of Technology

The design and realization of a healthy indoor environment is a challenge that is investigated from different perspectives at the unit Building Physics and Systems (BPS; Faculty of Architecture, Building and Planning) of Eindhoven University of Technology. Performance requirements (for instance, with respect to air quality, thermal comfort and lighting) and performance based assessment methods are the point-of-departure, focusing at computational techniques supporting the design process. Different specific application fields such as dwellings, offices, schools, but also, operating theatres, churches, musea and multifunctional stadiums, underline the applied approach that is part of the research within the unit. In the design of healthy environments, the performance based design assessment is crucial in arriving at innovative design solutions and optimized indoor and outdoor environments. In this assessment computational support tools and experimental verification play an important role. However, assessing the right indicators in an objective way, applying the correct tools and correct application of these tools is not yet well established. Alongside, developments are still ongoing. The work performed in the unit by the different researchers relates to the research questions that can be derived from this notice. The paper gives an introduction to the Unit BPS and presents a brief overview of recent and ongoing research. An extensive list of references is provided for further reading and supports the conclusion that healthy environments can and should be addressed from a wide angle

CD44 Expression in Oro-Pharyngeal Carcinoma Tissues and Cell Lines

Expression of CD44, a transmembrane hyaluronan-binding glycoprotein, is variably considered to have prognostic significance for different cancers, including oral squamous cell carcinoma. Although unclear at present, tissue-specific expression of particular isoforms of CD44 might underlie the different outcomes in currently available studies. We mined public transcriptomics databases for gene expression data on CD44, and analyzed normal, immortalized and tumour-derived human cell lines for splice variants of CD44 at both the transcript and protein levels. Bioinformatics readouts, from a total of more than 15,000 analyses, implied an increased CD44 expression in head and neck cancer, including increased expression levels relative to many normal and tumor tissue types. Also, meta-analysis of over 260 cell lines and over 4,000 tissue specimens of diverse origins indicated lower CD44 expression levels in cell lines compared to tissue. With minor exceptions, reverse transcribed polymerase chain reaction identified expression of the four main isoforms of CD44 in normal oral keratinocytes, transformed lines termed DT and HaCaT, and a series of paired primary and metastasis-derived cell lines from oral or pharyngeal carcinomas termed HN4/HN12, HN22/HN8 and HN30/HN31. Immunocytochemistry, Western blotting and flow cytometric assessments all confirmed the isoform expression pattern at the protein level. Overall, bioinformatic processing of large numbers of global gene expression analyses demonstrated elevated CD44 expression in head and neck cancer relative to other cancer types, and that the application of standard cell culture protocols might decrease CD44 expression. Additionally, the results show that the many variant CD44 exons are not fundamentally deregulated in a diverse range of cultured normal and transformed keratinocyte lines

Competitive Tendering In The Netherlands: Central Planning Or Functional Specifications?

Institute of Transport and Logistics Studies. Faculty of Economics and Business. The University of Sydne