Design of a Cooper pair box electrometer for application to solid-state and astroparticle physics

We describe the design and principle of operation of a fast and sensitive electrometer operated at millikelvin temperatures, which aims at replacing conventional semiconducting charge amplifiers in experiments needing low back-action or high sensitivity. The electrometer consists of a Cooper Pair box (CPB) coupled to a microwave resonator, which converts charge variations to resonance frequency shifts. We analyze the dependence of the sensitivity on the various parameters of the device, and derive their optimization. By exploiting the nonlinearities of this electrometer, and using conventional nanofabrication and measurement techniques, a charge sensitivity of a few $10^{- 7} e / \sqrt{Hz}$ can be achieved which outperforms existing single charge electrometers.Comment: 13 pages, 7 figure

Novel Trialkanolamine Derivatives of Tin of the Type [N(CH₂CMe₂O)₂(CH₂)_<i>n</i>OSnOR]_<i>m</i> (<i>m</i> = 1, 2; <i>n</i> = 2, 3; R = <i>t</i>‑Bu, 2,6-Me₂C₆H₃) and Related Tri- and Pentanuclear Tin(IV) Oxoclusters. Syntheses and Molecular Structures

The syntheses of the novel alkanolamine N­(CH₂CMe₂OH)₂(CH₂CH₂CH₂OH) (<b>2</b>), the novel aminotrialkoxides of tin of the type [N­(CH₂CMe₂O)₂(CH₂)_<i>n</i>OSnOR]_<i>m</i> (<b>3</b>: <i>m</i> = 1, <i>n</i> = 2, R = <i>t</i>-Bu; <b>4</b>: <i>m</i> = 2, <i>n</i> = 3, R = <i>t</i>-Bu; <b>5</b>: <i>m</i> = <i>n</i> = 2, R = 2,6-Me₂C₆H₃; <b>6</b>: <i>m</i> = 2, <i>n</i> = 3, R = 2,6-Me₂C₆H₃) and the related trinuclear tin oxoclusters [(LSnOSnL)­(LSnOR)] [L = N­(CH₂CMe₂O)₂(CH₂CH₂O), <b>7</b>: R = <i>t</i>-Bu; <b>8</b>: R = 2,6-Me₂C₆H₃] and the pentanuclear tin oxocluster [LSnOSn­(OH)₂OSnL·2LSnOH], [<b>9</b>, L = N­(CH₂CMe₂O)₂(CH₂CH₂O)] are reported. The compounds are characterized by elemental analyses, multinuclear (¹H, ¹³C, ¹¹⁹Sn, ¹H-¹H cosy, ¹H-¹³C HSQC) NMR spectroscopy, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and single crystal X-ray diffraction analyses (<b>3</b>, <b>4</b>·C₇H₈, <b>5</b>, <b>7</b>, <b>8</b>·0.5C₇H₈, <b>9</b>·6H₂O)