Methane reduction by plant pigments and antioxidants in rumen fluid involves modifications, e.g. hydrogenatioor degradation of the active compoundsn,

Methane is a major greenhouse gas, and ruminants cause about a quarter of all anthropogenic methane emissions. The objective of this study was to testplant secondary products in terms of their effects on methane production, and to follow active compounds analytically during incubation. In a simplifi ed model of ruminal methane production, a glycerol tripolylactate served as a central metabolites-generating and hydrogen-releasing substrate for rumen prokaryotes. The experimental additives, tested for their interfering potential with methane production, comprised bilberry fruit extract, tomato paste, paprika powder, grape seed extract, turmeric powder, curcumin, catechin, ferulic acid, ferulic acid ethyl ester and resveratrol. Being an unsaturated compound, fumarate, a competing electron acceptor to methane precursors, served as a well-described methane-reducing compound among the experimental additives in the in vitro tests. Methanemitigating effi ciencies were calculated by subtraction of the methane quantity produced in fl asks with the interfering additives from the quantity measured without any additive. Grape seed extract, bilberry fruit extract, turmeric powder, ferulic acid, catechin, and resveratrol reduced the production of methane in vitro. Grape seed extract, bilberry fruit extract, catechin, and resveratrol decreased methane formation to a higher extent than fumarate when added at comparable concentrations. Analysis of the secondary compounds in the assays by means of HPLC and revealed a considerably and in most cases significant (

Methane reduction by plant pigments and antioxidants in rumen fluid involves modifications, e.g. hydrogenatioor degradation of the active compoundsn,

Methane is a major greenhouse gas, and ruminants cause about a quarter of all anthropogenic methane emissions. The objective of this study was to testplant secondary products in terms of their effects on methane production, and to follow active compounds analytically during incubation. In a simplifi ed model of ruminal methane production, a glycerol tripolylactate served as a central metabolites-generating and hydrogen-releasing substrate for rumen prokaryotes. The experimental additives, tested for their interfering potential with methane production, comprised bilberry fruit extract, tomato paste, paprika powder, grape seed extract, turmeric powder, curcumin, catechin, ferulic acid, ferulic acid ethyl ester and resveratrol. Being an unsaturated compound, fumarate, a competing electron acceptor to methane precursors, served as a well-described methane-reducing compound among the experimental additives in the in vitro tests. Methanemitigating effi ciencies were calculated by subtraction of the methane quantity produced in fl asks with the interfering additives from the quantity measured without any additive. Grape seed extract, bilberry fruit extract, turmeric powder, ferulic acid, catechin, and resveratrol reduced the production of methane in vitro. Grape seed extract, bilberry fruit extract, catechin, and resveratrol decreased methane formation to a higher extent than fumarate when added at comparable concentrations. Analysis of the secondary compounds in the assays by means of HPLC and revealed a considerably and in most cases significant (

Efeito cicatrizante e atividade antibacteriana da Calendula officinalis L. cultivada no Brasil Healing effect and antibacterial activity of Calendula officinalis L. cultivated in Brazil

Desde a antiguidade propriedades medicinais são atribuídas às flores da Calendula officinalis L. (Asteraceae) destacando-se a atividade cicatrizante. Estudos sobre a atividade geral de plantas medicinais na cicatrização vêm sendo realizados, sem especificar sobre qual das fases da cicatrização a planta atua. Neste trabalho a atividade cicatrizante e antiinflamatória do extrato etanólico das flores da C. officinalis cultivada no Brasil foi avaliada em feridas cutâneas de ratos Wistar, por meio de avaliação macroscópica e histológica. A atividade antimicrobiana do extrato e das frações hexânica e diclorometano também foi avaliada. A atividade antiinflamatória do extrato etanólico da calêndula foi atribuída à diminuição da exsudação serosa, da hiperemia, da deposição de fibrina e da hiperplasia epidermal, além de resultar em crostas mais delgadas e umedecidas. Observaram-se também aumento de colágeno no tecido de granulação e efeito antibacteriano. Assim, o extrato etanólico da calêndula atuou de forma positiva sobre a atividade cicatricial em feridas cutâneas de ratos, bem como apresentou atividade antibacteriana in vitro.<br>Since ancient history medicinal properties are attributed to flowers of Calendula officinalis L. (Asteraceae), mainly concerning its healing activity. Studies about the general activity of medicinal plants in healing wounds have been conducted without specifying in which healing phase the plant acts. In this work, the anti-inflammatory and healing activity of the ethanolic extract of C. officinalis flowers cultured in Brazil was evaluated in cutaneous wounds of Wistar rats through macroscopic and histological evaluation. The antibacterial activity of the extract and dichloromethane and hexane fractions was also evaluated. The anti-inflammatory activity of calendula ethanolic extract led to a reduction in plasmatic exudation, hyperemia, fibrin deposition and epidermal hyperplasia, besides resulting in less edematous crusts. There was also an increase in collagen in the granulation tissue and an antibacterial effect. Therefore, calendula ethanolic extract positively acted on the healing process of cutaneous wounds of rats and presented in vitro antibacterial activity

Antimicrobial activity of Calendula officinalis, Camellia sinensis and chlorhexidine against the adherence of microorganisms to sutures after extraction of unerupted third molars

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to compare the antimicrobial effect of mouthwashes containing Calendula officinalis L., Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze and 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate on the adherence of microorganisms to suture materials after extraction of unerupted third molars. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Eighteen patients with unerupted maxillary third molars indicated for extraction were selected (n=6 per mouthwash). First, the patients were subjected to extraction of the left tooth and instructed not to use any type of antiseptic solution at the site of surgery (control group). After 15 days, the right tooth was extracted and the patients were instructed to use the Calendula officinalis, Camellia sinensis or chlorhexidine mouthwash during 1 week (experimental group). For each surgery, the sutures were removed on postoperative day 7 and placed in sterile phosphate-buffered saline. Next, serial dilutions were prepared and seeded onto different culture media for the growth of the following microorganisms: blood agar for total microorganism growth; Mitis Salivarius bacitracin sucrose agar for mutans group streptococci; mannitol agar for Staphylococcus spp.; MacConkey agar for enterobacteria and Pseudomonas spp., and Sabouraud dextrose agar containing chloramphenicol for Candida spp. The plates were incubated during 24-48 h at 37ºC for microorganism count (CFU/mL). RESULTS: The three mouthwashes tested reduced the number of microorganisms adhered to the sutures compared to the control group. However, significant differences between the control and experimental groups were only observed for the mouthwash containing 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate. CONCLUSIONS: Calendula officinalis L. and Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze presented antimicrobial activity against the adherence of microorganisms to sutures but were not as efficient as chlorhexidine digluconate