Towards sustainable livestock systems: Developing and applying methods for broad sustainability assessment of pig and cattle systems

Meat and milk are valuable foods from livestock that contribute to quality of life for humans but have negative environmental, social and economic impacts. Measuring such impacts in sustainability assessments requires methods with a broad and deep focus. The overall aim of this thesis was to further develop sustainability assessment methods to broadly evaluate livestock systems and to use these methods to increase knowledge on how future sustainable pig and cattle production systems can be developed. Social life cycle assessment (S-LCA), Life cycle sustainability assessment (LCSA) and the One Health framework were developed further and used to assess the impacts of the different livestock systems i.e. organic and conventional Swedish pig production, future pig production scenarios and three cattle systems (cropland based dairy, grassland based dairy and grassland based suckler beef production) in southern Europe. S-LCA, LCSA and the One Health framework sustainability methods can assess important sustainability aspects for pig and cattle production systems and identify important trade-offs. Organic pig production had lower social risk for negative social impacts for pigs and consumers than conventional pig production but higher environmental impacts per kg for eutrophication, acidification and fossil depletion. Grassland based suckler beef production was more resilient to economic losses due to changes in interest rates, input prices and output prices, produced more protein (in meat) than found in the feed and had higher profitability compared to the other cattle systems. However, grassland based beef production had higher eutrophication, acidification and fossil depletion compared to the dairy systems. Changing the breeding goal of pigs, changing the diet composition by including silage and having other protein sources than soybean, and using renewable energy sources in future pig production can further reduce negative impacts

Anverso y reverso de la nación : el discurso de la antiespañolada durante los primeros años 40

Durante los años de la inmediata posguerra, diferentes voces del nuevo régimen franquista elaboraron un discurso relativamente espontáneo pe- ro, a la par, suficientemente reconocible, dirigido a denunciar lo que consideraban como intolerables deformaciones de lo español. Básica- mente, y a pesar de las diferencias ideológicas de sus productores, la crí- tica nacía de un común y doliente nacionalismo que señalaba con el dedo acusatorio a la mirada extranjera ¿especialmente, a la de los románti- cos franceses del siglo XIX¿ como creadores y sostenedores de lo que suscribían como una España de pandereta. Dicha imagen suponía una distorsión y mixtificación de la patria en su pintoresquismo que, desem- bocando en lo que calificaban de españolada, se hacía urgente corregir. La intención de este artículo es explorar el mencionado discurso, deno- minado en el texto como de antiespañolada, a partir de la hipótesis de que la actitud de estos críticos no implicó una eliminación de los tópicos con los que se había formado el equívoco reflejo, sino su restitución y re- significación. Así, elementos aparentemente tan tipistas como los toros, el flamenco o Andalucía se reivindicaron como típicamente españoles, pero de una España que, lejos de responder a las estridencias de la es- pañolada, se presentaba como una nación seria, recta y jerárquica. Abstract During the immediate postwar years, different voices from the new fran- coist regime produced a discourse relatively spontaneous but, at the sa- me time, recognizable enough addressed to denounce what they conside- red as an unacceptable deformation of the Spanishness. Basically, and in spite of the ideological differences amongst its producers, the critic rai- sed from a common and painful nationalism which pointed at the foreign look ¿specially, the French romantic look¿ as creator and supporter of what they called España de pandereta. This look supposed a distortion and mystification of Spain as a picturesque nation that resulted in the es- pañolada. The aim of this article is to explore this discourse ¿named in the text as the antiespañolada discourse¿ proposing a hypothesis: these critics did not expect to eliminate the clichés linked to this image, but to restore them giving to them a new signification. Consequently, elements as typical as bullfighting, flamenco or Andalusia were claimed as deeply Spanish elements, but representatives of a Nation that far from being co- loured with the stridency of the españolada was a hierarchy, serious and a straight Nation

PENGEMBANGAN INSTRUMEN PENILAIAN BERBASIS KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR TINGKAT TINGGI (HOTS) UNTUK PEMBELAJARAN TEKS RESENSI

Pengembangan instrumen Penilaian soal tes pada materi teks resensi dengan berbasis kemampuan berpikir tingkat tinggi (HOTS) sangat dibutuhkan untuk mengukur tingkat kemampuan siswa dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan pada materi teks resensi. Tetapi pada kenyataannya guru masih belum sepenuhnya mengembangkan instrumen penilaian berbasis kemampuan berpikir tingkat tinggi (HOTS). Selain itu belum tersedianya instrumen assessment yang didesain khusus untuk melatih HOTS atau keterampilan berpikir tingkat tinggi peserta didik. Karena peserta didik yang mempunyai kemampuan berpikir tingkat tinggi jika tidak diberikan kesempatan untuk mengembangkan dan tidak diarahkan dengan tepat maka kemampuan berpikirnya tidak akan meningkat. Bagi peserta didik yang cenderung berpikir tingkat rendah perlu dilatih sejak dasar, agar pada saat memasuki jenjang pendidikan berikutnya peserta didik tidak merasa takut jika dihadapkan pada pertanyaan atau permasalahan yang lebih rumit. Masalah dalam pembahasan ini didapat dari hasil wawancara yang diajukan kepada beberapa guru di Mas Al-Asy’ari Medan Krio. Salah satu cara dalam menerapkan kemampuan berpikir tingkat tinggi (HOTS) adalah dengan melakukan penilaian berupa tes tertulis. Dan pada pembahasan ini secara khusus membahas tentang Pengembangan Instrumen Penilaian Berbasis Kemampuan Berpikir Tingkat Tinggi (HOTS) Untuk Pembelajaran Teks Resensi

Analisis Nilai Religius Sastra Novel 99 Cahaya di Langit Eropa Karya Rangga Almahendra dan Hanum Salsabiela Rais Kajian: Nilai Religius Hubungan Manusia dengan Tuhan

Literary work as a medium for the soul of an author who feels he has a duty to contribute as a messenger of moral or religious messages and human life on earth. An author is considered successful if he is able to convey moral and religious messages and life through the literary works he writes, so that the reader does not feel that he is being lectured or lectured, but without realizing the moral message in literary works. Religion refers more to the system of worship of God in terms of official, laws, ordinances, statutes, etc., as well as the organization of the overall interpretation of the Bible, which includes social levels. Express devotion to God, close your eyes, focus, surrender and prepare to listen to the Holy Word silently. Humans were created to worship Allah SWT by carrying out His commands and staying away from all His prohibitions. Human closeness to Allah SWT takes various forms, depending on each individual. However, humans created by Allah SWT are guided by the holy book of the Qur'an and adhere to the teachings of Islam. This research is a qualitative study of literature and activities carried out by collecting and analyzing research data from the novel 99 Lights in the Sky of Europe by Rangga Almahendra and Hanum Salsabiela Rais. In this study, the researcher first read in detail the novel 99 Lights in the Sky Europe by Rangga Almahendra and Hanum Salsabiela Rais. divine value approach. Found research results seen from. (1) looking for divine values related to humans and faith, (2) looking for divine values related to humans and worship, (3) seeking grateful values related to God with humans and (4) looking for patient values related to God with humans

Fracking in Colorado: Evidence, politics and policy change

This communication examines fracking (an abbreviation for hydraulic fracturing) in Colorado, analysing the degree of alignment between problem definition, data and evidence, political narratives, and policy interventions, among stakeholders (including government, industry and environmental groups). The risks associated with fracking emerged as a policy problem in 2011 following increased fracking-related complaints in Colorado. After assessing the pattern of complaints, the government identified that fracking concerns were driven by a ‘fear of the unknown’, propagated by environmental groups, not by data and evidence on actual impacts. The state government intervened by establishing three key fracking-related regulations: Rule 205A (2011) requiring disclosure of chemicals used in the fracking process, Rule 604 (2013) extending distances of fracking operations from building and public facilities, and Rule 609 (2013) on stricter groundwater monitoring. At the start of the policy process, the varying political narratives on fracking did not align with existing data and evidence. However, after a series of deliberations between the government, industry, and environmental groups, stakeholders in Colorado reached a common agreement on policy interventions that eventually aligned with the basic problem definition

Carbon footprint based on lifetime productivity for future cows selected for resilience to climate-related disturbances

Droughts, which can affect feed production, are projected to become more common under future climate conditions. In light of this, breeding cattle resilient to changes in feeding regimens is increasingly becoming an important topic. Body reserves can play a crucial role when feed resources are limited. We simulated populations of dairy cows selected with 2 different breeding goals: one reflecting the current breeding goal and the other placing weight on minimum level of body reserves in early lactation and change in body reserves during lactation. We considered this latter as a breeding goal for resilience. We used the 2 dynamic simulation programs ADAM and AQAL to predict performance of the cows after selection. In AQAL, we modeled moderate and severe drought by decreasing feed quality and quantity offered to cows during one year. We compared cows selected with the 2 breeding goals under 3 environments: without disturbances related to climate and with moderate and severe drought. In the environments without disturbances and the moderate drought, the cows selected with the current breeding goal had higher lifetime lactation efficiency (energy invested in milk/ energy acquired from feed) and lower carbon footprint per kilogram of protein in milk and meat than cows selected for resilience. However, with severe drought, cows selected for resilience had higher lifetime lactation efficiency and lower carbon footprint per kilogram of protein in milk and meat than those selected with the current breeding goal. This suggests that cows selected for high productive performance do not perform well under very limiting conditions, leading to increased climate impact. The importance of inclusion of body reserves as a resilience trait in dairy cattle breeding depends on the future environment in which the cows will be used

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF SOME LOCALLY FABRICATED COOKSTOVES IN MUBI, ADAMAWA STATE, NIGERIA

 In this study, four solid fuel household cook-stoves in Mubi, Adamawa state were tested for performance using the water Boiling Test (WBT) protocol. Results from the study showed that metal charcoal stove had the highest efficiency of 20.02%, followed by clay charcoal stove with 17.06%, then Metal shield stove with 11.64% and the lowest is the 3-stone fire with 9.46%. The metal charcoal stove had the lowest specific fuel consumption with the consumption value of 0.075, then clay charcoal stove with 0.100, followed by Metal Shield stove with 0.175 and the 3 – stone stove with the value of 0.225. The metal shield stove had the fastest time to boil 2kg of water at 12 minutes 30 seconds, while clay charcoal stove had the least time of 21 minutes 51 seconds to boil the same quantity of water. Values obtained for burn rates and fire power were 0.0285kg/min, 0.028kg/min, 0.008kg/min, 0.009kg, and 0.525W, 0.516W, 0.225W, 0.253W for 3 – stone stove, metal shield, metal charcoal and clay charcoal stoves respectively. In general, results from the testing showed that some stoves currently used in Mubi have improved fuel efficiency and higher thermal efficiency compared with the traditional cooking method. Better solid fuel cookstoves implies reduced fuel use, reduced deforestation and reduced air pollution.  http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njt.v35i1.

ANALISIS PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER ANAK USIA DINI PADA TAYANGAN FILM KARTUN CLOUD BREAD

Character education is one form of education that must be introduced to children from an early age because it teaches children to get used to doing good. Character education is not enough if it is only given through teaching. In today's era, social media is one of the media that can help create character education, one of which is YouTube social media. From the youtube application, users can easily access video shows, one of which is cartoons, and parents can use it to provide character education to their children. . One of the cartoons that many children like is the Cloud Bread cartoon, and many parents give this show to their children because of their belief in the character education it contains. Therefore, this study aims to find out what early childhood character education is contained in the Cloud Bread. This type of research is content analysis using the semiotic method of Ferdenand de Saussure, which is a science or analytical method to study signs. This study uses a qualitative content analysis methodological approach. The subject of this research is the cartoon film Cloud Bread, while the object of the research is the education of characters and scenes along with the dialogue of the contents of the film Cloud Bread. The data collection technique used is documentation, and the data analysis technique used is semiotic analysis, namely the science or method of analysis to examine the sign device. The results obtained from this study indicate that the character education contained in the Cloud Bread cartoon is honest, disciplined, hard work, creative, curious, appreciative of achievement, friendly or communicative, peace-loving, fond of reading, social care and responsibility

Analisis Penerapan Program Sekolah Penggerak terhadap Prestasi Belajar Siswa Tingkat Sekolah Dasar (SD) Se-Kotamadya Binjai

“Sekolah Penggerak” Program is a program to encourage the transformation process of educational units to realize the Pancasila student profile which was launched online on February 1 2021. The city of Binjai was chosen to implement this program during the 2nd Generation of Mobilization School. And there were 14 schools selected, namely 2 Kindergarten schools (TK), 8 Elementary Schools (SD), 2 Middle Schools (SMP), and 2 High Schools (SMA). Among the selected school levels, only the Elementary School (SD) level was selected more often than the others. So the proposer is interested in analyzing the implementation of the “Sekolah Penggerak” program in 8 elementary schools (SD) throughout Binjai Municipality and collecting the learning achievements that have been obtained by students. From the research results, it was found that students were more motivated and enthusiastic in learning. This is because the learning programs in the “Sekolah Penggerak” program are interesting and more fun. Students are invited to be more active and creative in learning through innovative learning models. Thus, this research intends to provide information to other education providers regarding the achievement of activities and learning achievements of students in the “Sekolah Penggerak” program in the Binjai Municipality so that they can motivate other schools to participate in implementing the “Sekolah Penggerak” program. In this way, it is hoped that this research will be useful for teachers and other educational institutions

Some Aspect of the Biology of Clarias Gariepinus in Coca Cola Wastewater Reservoir Maiduguri Borno State, Nigeria

This study was carried out from July to December 2013 to ascertain the suitability of the Coca Cola wastewater reservoir for the production of Clarias gariepinus. The Length weight regression analysis revealed that  the “b” values are 2.53, 2.83 and 2.59 for male,  female and combined respectively all exhibiting allometric growth. The monthly mean range condition factor are 0.60 – 1.40 for male, 0.66 – 1.56 for female and 0.60 – 1.55 for combined sexes indicating that most of the species are not in relatively stable condition. While fecundity value of 2,698 – 25, 697 observed was considered to be high. Key words: Biology, Wastewater resrvoir, Coca col