Aufholen nach Corona? Maßnahmen der Länder im Kontext des Aktionsprogramms von Bund und Ländern

Im Zentrum des vierten Beiheftes der DDS zum Thema "Schule und Corona" steht die Frage, wie das von Bund und Ländern beschlossene Aktionsprogramm "Aufholen nach Corona" in den Ländern bisher umgesetzt wurde. Auf der Grundlage von umfassenden Dokumentenanalysen und Expert*inneninterviews werden die von den Ländern geplanten Förder- und Unterstützungsmaßnahmen beschrieben und vergleichend ausgewertet. Der Aufbau flächendeckender Unterstützungsstrukturen ist für alle Länder mit konzeptionellen und praktischen Herausforderungen verbunden, die zudem noch durch einen chronischen Mangel an pädagogischem Personal massiv verschärft werden. Der Ländervergleich zeigt, wie unterschiedlich die Länder mit diesen Herausforderungen umgehen. Während einige Länder gut an vorhandenen Strukturen anknüpfen konnten, fehlt es in anderen Ländern weitgehend an einem den Zielsetzungen des Aktionsprogramms entsprechenden und in sich stimmigen Konzept. Besonders deutlich wird dies bei der Verteilung der Mittel an die Schulen. Hier steht eine zielgruppenorientierte Mittelzuweisung dem altbekannten Gießkannenprinzip gegenüber. Nichtsdestotrotz zeichnen sich auch wegweisende Ansätze für die kompensatorische Förderung von Schüler*innen ab, die künftig für den Abbau von Bildungsungleichheit auch jenseits von Corona genutzt werden können. Ergänzend werden in einem Beitrag von Armin Himmelrath die Aufholprogramme der EU-Länder in den Blick genommen und deren finanzielles Engagement für den Abbau von Lernrückständen verglichen

Collins and Sivers asymmetries in muonproduction of pions and kaons off transversely polarised protons

Measurements of the Collins and Sivers asymmetries for charged pions and charged and neutral kaons produced in semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering of high energy muons off transversely polarised protons are presented. The results were obtained using all the available COMPASS proton data, which were taken in the years 2007 and 2010. The Collins asymmetries exhibit in the valence region a non-zero signal for pions and there are hints of non-zero signal also for kaons. The Sivers asymmetries are found to be positive for positive pions and kaons and compatible with zero otherwise. © 2015

Characterization of Robust and Free-Standing 2D-Nanomembranes of UV-Polymerized Diacetylene Lipids

Hillmann R, Viefhues M, Goett-Zink L, et al. Characterization of Robust and Free-Standing 2D-Nanomembranes of UV-Polymerized Diacetylene Lipids. Langmuir. 2018;34(10):3256-3263

Indications for a moonlighting function of translation factor aIF5A in the crenarchaeum Sulfolobus solfataricus

Translation factor a/eIF5A is highly conserved in Eukarya and Archaea. The eukaryal eIF5A protein is required for transit of ribosomes across consecutive proline codons, whereas the function of the archaeal orthologue remains unknown. Here, we provide a first hint for an involvement of Sulfolobus solfataricus (Sso) aIF5A in translation. CRISPR-mediated knock down of the aif5A gene resulted in strong growth retardation, underlining a pivotal function. Moreover, in vitro studies revealed that Sso aIF5A is endowed with endoribonucleolytic activity. Thus, aIF5A appears to be a moonlighting protein that might be involved in protein synthesis as well as in RNA metabolism

Characterization of Robust and Free-Standing 2D-Nanomembranes of UV-Polymerized Diacetylene Lipids

Free-standing lipid membranes are promising as artificial functional membrane systems for application in separation, filtration, and nanopore sensing. To improve the mechanical properties of lipid membranes, UV-polymerized lipids have been introduced. We investigated free-standing as well as substrate-supported monolayers of 1-palmitoyl-2-(10,12-tricosadiynoyl)-<i>sn</i>-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (PTPE) and 1,2-bis­(10,12-tricosadiynoyl)-<i>sn</i>-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DiynePC) and characterized them with respect to their structure, morphology, and stability. Using helium ion microscopy (HIM), we were able to visualize the integrity of the lipid 2D-nanomembranes spanning micrometer-sized voids under high-vacuum conditions. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) investigations under ambient conditions revealed formation of intact and robust pore-spanning 2D-nanomembranes up to 8 × 2 μm² in size. Analysis by attenuated total reflection–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) verified a distinct reduction of signal at 2143 cm^–1 from diacetylene groups in the 2D-nanomembranes after UV-polymerization. Further high-resolution AFM investigations of unpolymerized lipid monolayers revealed a well-ordered two-dimensional network, when deposited on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG). These structures were inhibited for polymerized adlayers. Structural models for the molecular arrangement of the adlayers are proposed and discussed

BET bromodomain inhibitors regulate keratinocyte plasticity

Although most acute skin wounds heal rapidly, non-healing skin ulcers represent an increasing and substantial unmet medical need that urgently requires effective therapeutics. Keratinocytes resurface wounds to re-establish the epidermal barrier by transitioning to an activated, migratory state, but this ability is lost in dysfunctional chronic wounds. Small-molecule regulators of keratinocyte plasticity with the potential to reverse keratinocyte malfunction in situ could offer a novel therapeutic approach in skin wound healing. Utilizing high-throughput phenotypic screening of primary keratinocytes, we identify such small molecules, including bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) protein family inhibitors (BETi). BETi induce a sustained activated, migratory state in keratinocytes in vitro, increase activation markers in human epidermis ex vivo and enhance skin wound healing in vivo. Our findings suggest potential clinical utility of BETi in promoting keratinocyte re-epithelialization of skin wounds. Importantly, this novel property of BETi is exclusively observed after transient low-dose exposure, revealing new potential for this compound class. [Figure not available: see fulltext.

Odd and even partial waves of eta pi(-) and eta 'pi(-) in pi(-) p -> eta(('))pi(-)p at 191 GeV/c

Exclusive production of eta pi(-) and eta'pi(-) in has been studied with a 191 GeV/c pi(-) beam impinging on a hydrogen target at COMPASS (CERN). Partial-wave analyses reveal different odd/even angular momentum (L) characteristics in the inspected invariant mass range up to 3 GeV/c(2). A striking similarity between the two systems is observed for the L = 2, 4, 6 intensities (scaled by kinematical factors) and the relative phases. The known resonances a(2)(1320) and a(4)(2040) are in line with this similarity. In contrast, a strong enhancement of eta'pi(-) over eta pi(-) is found for the L = 1, 3, 5 waves, which carry non-qq quantum numbers. The L = 1 intensity peaks at 1.7 GeV/c(2) in in and at 1.4 GeV/c(2) in eta pi(-), the corresponding phase motions with respect to L = 2 are different. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.DFG [1102]; German Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung; Czech Republic MEYS [ME492, LA242]; SAIL (CSR), Govt. of India; CERN-RFBR [08-02-91009, 12-02-91500]; Portuguese FCT - Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia [CERN/FP/109323/2009, CERN/FP/116376/2010, CERN/FP/123600/2011]; MEXT; JSPS [18002006, 20540299, 18540281]; Daiko Foundation; Yamada Foundation; DFG; EU [283286]; Israel Science Foundation; Polish NCN [DEC-2011/01/M/ST2/02350