Prisioneros del estilo : La noción de “estilo” en la historiografía contemporánea de la arquitectura argentina

La clasificación por estilos o categorías estilísticas como método organizativo ha jugado y juega un rol preponderante en la historiografía de la arquitectura. La clasificación se funda en el principio de que no todo se conecta con todo. Es decir, ciertas entidades están relacionadas entre sí, y ciertas otras entidades no tienen ningún parámetro en común. Siguiendo esta línea, la historiografía de la arquitectura suele estar gobernada por un sistema de codificación que, como explica Michel Foucault (1966), relaciona y aísla, analiza, ajusta y articula ciertos contenidos. Sin embargo, este trabajo pretende demostrar que un hecho artístico-técnico, como ser una obra de arquitectura se sujeta con mayor dificultad a una determinación unívoca. Cornelius Castoriadis propone que en toda sociedad humana existe una dialéctica entre lo instituido y lo imaginario: “lo histórico-social es imaginario radical, (…) originación incesante de la alteridad”, que al estabilizarse se vuelve institución. Realiza, así, una distinción entre un “imaginario instituido” y un imaginario alternativo. En este contexto, el arte, al no corresponderse con las modalidades instituidas del lenguaje y las acciones, tiende a ubicarse entre los “imaginarios alternativos”. En otras palabras, en la obra de arte lo predominante es lo simbólico y por ende no existe un significado unívoco, sino más bien múltiples interpretaciones. Entonces, ¿qué sucede cuando encasillamos a la arquitectura dentro de los límites de los estilos? ¿Cómo afecta esta metodología de estudio al modo en que comprendemos la historia de nuestra arquitectura? La hipótesis a comprobar en esta investigación sostiene la inevitable existencia de una tensión permanente entre la tendencia hacia la indeterminación de la arquitectura y de su historia y los intentos disciplinares de codificarla mediante la clasificación por estilos o categorías estilísticas. Esta tensión suele manifestarse de diversas maneras, condensándose en lo que se denominará –con un fin práctico– “síntomas”. En el presente trabajo se analizarán, en particular, siete de estos síntomas derivados del trabajo con las fuentes. Se trabajará con textos que se enfocan en la historia de la arquitectura en Argentina de modo general, particularmente durante el siglo XX.Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanism

Mario Buschiazzo y la arquitectura moderna americana (1955-1970)

A lo largo de esta investigación se estudiará la relación de Buschiazzo con la arquitectura americana contemporánea, principalmente entre los años 1955 (cuando se lanza la colección de Arquitectos Americanos Contemporáneos) y 1970 (año de su fallecimiento), con el objetivo de construir una imagen más rica y compleja del arquitecto que aquella obtenida únicamente a partir de sus estudios acerca de lo colonial o de su trabajo como restaurador. La hipótesis que guiará la investigación es que, a diferencia de su imagen tradicional, hay en la figura de Mario Buschiazzo un interés evidente hacia la arquitectura americana contemporánea. Esto puede observarse tanto en sus escritos como en los libros publicados por el IAA durante su dirección y en los libros de su propia colección. Y ese interés va en línea con su ideología

De la arquitectura colonial a la arquitectura contemporánea: otra mirada sobre la figura de Mario Buschiazzo

Mario José Buschiazzo is usually recognized in the literature for his contribution not only to Argentinean, but also to Latin-American history of architecture. His work as an architectural restorer and, later, as a researcher and promoter of studies related to the history of American architecture –mainly colonial architecture– has left a mark in the historiographical field. Nowadays, Buschiazzo is an essential reference when thinking about colonial architecture. However, his trajectory suggests a profile that has little in common with his interests for colonial architecture: his relationship with contemporary American architecture. This relationship involves multiple approaches that are largely related with architecture in the United States. This article studies Buschiazzo’s relationship with contemporary American architecture, mainly between 1955 (when the Instituto de Arte Americano e Investigaciones Estéticas launches the “Arquitectos Americanos Contemporáneos” collection) and 1970 (the year of his death), with the objective of constructing a richer and more complex image of the architect than that obtained only through his studies about colonial architecture or his work as an architectural restorer.Mario José Buschiazzo suele ser reconocido en la literatura especializada por su aporte al conocimiento de la historia de la arquitectura, no solo argentina, sino también latinoamericana. Su trabajo como restaurador y, posteriormente, como investigador y motor de estudios relacionados con la historia de la arquitectura americana –sobre todo colonial– ha dejado una huella en el campo historiográfico. Hoy en día, Buschiazzo es un referente imprescindible a la hora de pensar la arquitectura colonial. Sin embargo, su trayectoria deja entrever un perfil que poco parece tener que ver con su interés por lo colonial: su relación con la arquitectura americana contemporánea. Y esta relación se construye a partir de múltiples frentes que se relacionan, en gran parte, con la arquitectura de los Estados Unidos. A lo largo de esta investigación se estudiará la relación de Buschiazzo con la arquitectura americana contemporánea, principalmente entre los años 1955 (cuando el Instituto de Arte Americano e Investigaciones Estéticas lanza la colección “Arquitectos Americanos Contemporáneos”) y 1970 (año de su fallecimiento), con el objetivo de construir una imagen más rica y compleja del arquitecto que aquella obtenida únicamente a partir de sus estudios acerca de lo colonial o de su trabajo como restaurador

De la arquitectura colonial a la arquitectura contemporánea: otra mirada sobre la figura de Mario Buschiazzo

Mario José Buschiazzo is usually recognized in the literature for his contribution not only to Argentinean, but also to Latin-American history of architecture. His work as an architectural restorer and, later, as a researcher and promoter of studies related to the history of American architecture –mainly colonial architecture– has left a mark in the historiographical field. Nowadays, Buschiazzo is an essential reference when thinking about colonial architecture. However, his trajectory suggests a profile that has little in common with his interests for colonial architecture: his relationship with contemporary American architecture. This relationship involves multiple approaches that are largely related with architecture in the United States. This article studies Buschiazzo’s relationship with contemporary American architecture, mainly between 1955 (when the Instituto de Arte Americano e Investigaciones Estéticas launches the “Arquitectos Americanos Contemporáneos” collection) and 1970 (the year of his death), with the objective of constructing a richer and more complex image of the architect than that obtained only through his studies about colonial architecture or his work as an architectural restorer.Mario José Buschiazzo suele ser reconocido en la literatura especializada por su aporte al conocimiento de la historia de la arquitectura, no solo argentina, sino también latinoamericana. Su trabajo como restaurador y, posteriormente, como investigador y motor de estudios relacionados con la historia de la arquitectura americana –sobre todo colonial– ha dejado una huella en el campo historiográfico. Hoy en día, Buschiazzo es un referente imprescindible a la hora de pensar la arquitectura colonial. Sin embargo, su trayectoria deja entrever un perfil que poco parece tener que ver con su interés por lo colonial: su relación con la arquitectura americana contemporánea. Y esta relación se construye a partir de múltiples frentes que se relacionan, en gran parte, con la arquitectura de los Estados Unidos. A lo largo de esta investigación se estudiará la relación de Buschiazzo con la arquitectura americana contemporánea, principalmente entre los años 1955 (cuando el Instituto de Arte Americano e Investigaciones Estéticas lanza la colección “Arquitectos Americanos Contemporáneos”) y 1970 (año de su fallecimiento), con el objetivo de construir una imagen más rica y compleja del arquitecto que aquella obtenida únicamente a partir de sus estudios acerca de lo colonial o de su trabajo como restaurador

Recommendations for Medical and Mental Health Care in Assisted Living Based on an Expert Delphi Consensus Panel A Consensus Statement

Importance Assisted living (AL) is the largest provider of residential long-term care in the US, and the morbidity of AL residents has been rising. However, AL is not a health care setting, and concern has been growing about residents’ medical and mental health needs. No guidance exists to inform this care. Objective To identify consensus recommendations for medical and mental health care in AL and determine whether they are pragmatic. Evidence Review A Delphi consensus statement study was conducted in 2021; as a separate effort, the extent to which the recommendations are reflected in practice was examined in data obtained from 2016 to 2021 (prepandemic). In the separate effort, data were from a 7-state study (Arkansas, Louisiana, New Jersey, New York, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Texas). The 19 Delphi panelists constituted nationally recognized experts in medical, nursing, and mental health needs of and care for older adults; dementia care; and AL and long-term care management, advocacy, regulation, and education. One invitee was unavailable and nominated an alternate. The primary outcome was identification of recommended practices based on consensus ratings of importance. Panelists rated 183 items regarding importance to care quality and feasibility. Findings Consensus identified 43 recommendations in the areas of staff and staff training, nursing and related services, resident assessment and care planning, policies and practices, and medical and mental health clinicians and care. To determine the pragmatism of the recommendations, their prevalence was examined in the 7-state study and found that most were in practice. The items reflected the tenets of AL, the role of AL in providing dementia care, the need for pragmatism due to the diversity of AL, and workforce needs

Cerebral venous thrombosis due to vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia after a second ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 dose.

© 2022 by The American Society of Hematology. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), permitting only noncommercial, nonderivative use with attribution. All other rights reserved.Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is the most common and severe manifestation of vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT), which is a rare side effect of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (Vaxzevria, AstraZeneca/Oxford). The absolute risk of VITT and VITT-related CVT is estimated at 20 and 8 per million first doses of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, respectively. So far, no definite VITT cases occurring after a second ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine dose have been reported, raising the question of whether VITT only occurs after a first dose. Two pharmacovigilance studies reported cases of thrombosis with thrombocytopenia after a second ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 dose, but because of lack of clinical data, none of these could be classified as VITT. Knowledge on whether VITT can occur after a second ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 dose is relevant for clinicians and policymakers, especially in low- and middle-income countries, which are currently the main users of adenovirus-based vaccines. We used data from the “CVT after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination” registry to identify VITT-related CVT cases occurring after a second ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 dose. Details of this registry have been published. Briefly, this ongoing study collects data on patients with CVT with symptom onset ≤28 days from SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, regardless of the type and dose of vaccine. The study is endorsed by the European Academy of Neurology and the European Stroke Organization. Investigators are instructed to report consecutive cases from their hospitals. The ethical review board of the Academic Medical Centre issued a waiver of formal approval for this observational study. Each center obtained local permission to carry out the study and acquired informed consent for the use of pseudonymized care data according to national law. We used the case definition criteria of the United Kingdom expert hematology panel to classify cases as definite, probable, possible, or unlikely VITT after ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 administration among CVT cases reported until 1 December 2021.This work was supported by The Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development (ZonMw, grant number 10430072110005) (J.M.C.) and the Dr. C. J. Vaillant Foundation (J.M.C.).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Reconstruction of ancient microbial genomes from the human gut

Loss of gut microbial diversity in industrial populations is associated with chronic diseases, underscoring the importance of studying our ancestral gut microbiome. However, relatively little is known about the composition of pre-industrial gut microbiomes. Here we performed a large-scale de novo assembly of microbial genomes from palaeofaeces. From eight authenticated human palaeofaeces samples (1,000–2,000 years old) with well-preserved DNA from southwestern USA and Mexico, we reconstructed 498 medium- and high-quality microbial genomes. Among the 181 genomes with the strongest evidence of being ancient and of human gut origin, 39% represent previously undescribed species-level genome bins. Tip dating suggests an approximate diversification timeline for the key human symbiont Methanobrevibacter smithii. In comparison to 789 present-day human gut microbiome samples from eight countries, the palaeofaeces samples are more similar to non-industrialized than industrialized human gut microbiomes. Functional profiling of the palaeofaeces samples reveals a markedly lower abundance of antibiotic-resistance and mucin-degrading genes, as well as enrichment of mobile genetic elements relative to industrial gut microbiomes. This study facilitates the discovery and characterization of previously undescribed gut microorganisms from ancient microbiomes and the investigation of the evolutionary history of the human gut microbiota through genome reconstruction from palaeofaeces

Biallelic loss-of-function variants in PLD1 cause congenital right-sided cardiac valve defects and neonatal cardiomyopathy

Congenital heart disease is the most common type of birth defect, accounting for one-third of all congenital anomalies. Using whole-exome sequencing of 2718 patients with congenital heart disease and a search in GeneMatcher, we identified 30 patients from 21 unrelated families of different ancestries with biallelic phospholipase D1 (PLD1) variants who presented predominantly with congenital cardiac valve defects. We also associated recessive PLD1 variants with isolated neonatal cardiomyopathy. Furthermore, we established that p.I668F is a founder variant among Ashkenazi Jews (allele frequency of ~2%) and describe the phenotypic spectrum of PLD1-associated congenital heart defects. PLD1 missense variants were overrepresented in regions of the protein critical for catalytic activity, and, correspondingly, we observed a strong reduction in enzymatic activity for most of the mutant proteins in an enzymatic assay. Finally, we demonstrate that PLD1 inhibition decreased endothelial-mesenchymal transition, an established pivotal early step in valvulogenesis. In conclusion, our study provides a more detailed understanding of disease mechanisms and phenotypic expression associated with PLD1 loss of function

Nationwide comprehensive gastro-intestinal cancer cohorts: the 3P initiative

Background: The increasing sub-classification of cancer patients due to more detailed molecular classification of tumors, and limitations of current trial designs, require innovative research designs. We present the design, governance and current standing of three comprehensive nationwide cohorts including pancreatic, esophageal/gastric, and colorectal cancer patients (NCT02070146). Multidisciplinary collection of clinical data, tumor tissue, blood samples, and patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures with a nationwide coverage, provides the infrastructure for future and novel trial designs and facilitates research to improve outcomes of gastrointestinal cancer patients. Material and methods: All patients aged ≥18 years with pancreatic, esophageal/gastric or colorectal cancer are eligible. Patients provide informed consent for: (1) reuse of clinical data; (2) biobanking of primary tumor tissue; (3) collection of blood samples; (4) to be informed about relevant newly identified genomic aberrations; (5) collection of longitudinal PROs; and (6) to receive information on new interventional studies and possible participation in cohort multiple randomized controlled trials (cmRCT) in the future. Results: In 2015, clinical data of 21,758 newly diagnosed patients were collected in the Netherlands Cancer Registry. Additional clinical data on the surgical procedures were registered in surgical audits for 13,845 patients. Within the first two years, tumor tissue and blood samples were obtained from 1507 patients; during this period, 1180 patients were included in the PRO registry. Response rate for PROs was 90%. The consent rate to receive information on new interventional studies and possible participation in cmRCTs in the future was >85%. The number of hospitals participating in the cohorts is steadily increasing. Conclusion: A comprehensive nationwide multidisciplinary gastrointestinal cancer cohort is feasible and surpasses the limitations of classical study designs. With this initiative, novel and innovative studies can be performed in an efficient, safe, and comprehensive setting