Uspostavljanje schengenske periferije: perspektive "nove" slovensko-hrvatske granice

Newly established boundary between Croatia and Slovenia in 1991. considerably changed the functions of thus formed borderland. Previously local areas turned into national peripheries, while due to current European integration they\u27re also becoming parts of extensive \u27Schengen periphery\u27 at the entrance to Europe. This article argues that new Slovene-Croatian boundary has been turning into one of the significant selective mechanisms in this part of the region. In addition, this boundary is an example of a non-border turning into an electronic and mental wall separating two different parts of Europe. In this perspective, the Schengen border can be disputed within the context of societies in transition, which found themselves at the Schengen periphery. This new image of Europe can be defined by at least three highly relevant emphases pertaining to post-modern boundaries, identity and mobility: 1. Construction of new type of borders (the shift from “stone to electronic walls”, from Berlin wall to \u27e-borders\u27), 2. Schengen e-border as an instrument of identity borderlines, and 3. Issue of social mobility and its restrictions in global networking of societies.Uspostavljanje slovensko-hrvatske granice 1991. godine znatno je promijenilo funkcije novih graničnih područja. Ona su se iz lokalnih pretvorila u područja periferija dotičnih zemalja, a slijedom tekućih evropskih integracija u opsežnu schengensku periferiju na ulazu u Europu. Poanta članka je u tome da se slovensko-hrvatska granica pretvara u jedan od značajnih selektivnih mehanizama regije, a istovremeno je i primjer ne-granice koja se pretvara u elektronički i mentalni zid koji odvaja dvije različite Europe. Takva je granica diskutabilna, kako u perspektivi, tako i u kontekstu tranzicijskih društava koja su se našla na schengenskoj periferiji. Ta nova slika Europe može se definirati najmanje trima naglascima iz područja postmodernih granica, identiteta i mobilnosti. To su: konstrukcija novog tipa granice (prijelaz iz zidanoga na elektronički zid, s Berlinskog zida na e-granicu); 2. schengenska e-granica kao instrument ograničavanja identiteta, i 3. socijalna pokretljivost unutar globalno umreženih društava

Uspostavljanje schengenske periferije: perspektive "nove" slovensko-hrvatske granice

Newly established boundary between Croatia and Slovenia in 1991. considerably changed the functions of thus formed borderland. Previously local areas turned into national peripheries, while due to current European integration they\u27re also becoming parts of extensive \u27Schengen periphery\u27 at the entrance to Europe. This article argues that new Slovene-Croatian boundary has been turning into one of the significant selective mechanisms in this part of the region. In addition, this boundary is an example of a non-border turning into an electronic and mental wall separating two different parts of Europe. In this perspective, the Schengen border can be disputed within the context of societies in transition, which found themselves at the Schengen periphery. This new image of Europe can be defined by at least three highly relevant emphases pertaining to post-modern boundaries, identity and mobility: 1. Construction of new type of borders (the shift from “stone to electronic walls”, from Berlin wall to \u27e-borders\u27), 2. Schengen e-border as an instrument of identity borderlines, and 3. Issue of social mobility and its restrictions in global networking of societies.Uspostavljanje slovensko-hrvatske granice 1991. godine znatno je promijenilo funkcije novih graničnih područja. Ona su se iz lokalnih pretvorila u područja periferija dotičnih zemalja, a slijedom tekućih evropskih integracija u opsežnu schengensku periferiju na ulazu u Europu. Poanta članka je u tome da se slovensko-hrvatska granica pretvara u jedan od značajnih selektivnih mehanizama regije, a istovremeno je i primjer ne-granice koja se pretvara u elektronički i mentalni zid koji odvaja dvije različite Europe. Takva je granica diskutabilna, kako u perspektivi, tako i u kontekstu tranzicijskih društava koja su se našla na schengenskoj periferiji. Ta nova slika Europe može se definirati najmanje trima naglascima iz područja postmodernih granica, identiteta i mobilnosti. To su: konstrukcija novog tipa granice (prijelaz iz zidanoga na elektronički zid, s Berlinskog zida na e-granicu); 2. schengenska e-granica kao instrument ograničavanja identiteta, i 3. socijalna pokretljivost unutar globalno umreženih društava

The relative fitness of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis: a modelling study of household transmission in Peru.

The relative fitness of drug-resistant versus susceptible bacteria in an environment dictates resistance prevalence. Estimates for the relative fitness of resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strains are highly heterogeneous and mostly derived from in vitro experiments. Measuring fitness in the field allows us to determine how the environment influences the spread of resistance. We designed a household structured, stochastic mathematical model to estimate the fitness costs associated with multidrug resistance (MDR) carriage in Mtb in Lima, Peru during 2010-2013. By fitting the model to data from a large prospective cohort study of TB disease in household contacts, we estimated the fitness, relative to susceptible strains with a fitness of 1, of MDR-Mtb to be 0.32 (95% credible interval: 0.15-0.62) or 0.38 (0.24-0.61), if only transmission or progression to disease, respectively, was affected. The relative fitness of MDR-Mtb increased to 0.56 (0.42-0.72) when the fitness cost influenced both transmission and progression to disease equally. We found the average relative fitness of MDR-Mtb circulating within households in Lima, Peru during 2010-2013 to be significantly lower than concurrent susceptible Mtb If these fitness levels do not change, then existing TB control programmes are likely to keep MDR-TB prevalence at current levels in Lima, Peru

La tragedia de Carrizales, "El celoso extremeño"

Muchos lectores píensan que El celoso extremeño es »de una perfección técnica maravillosa ..., cumbre de la novela corta«, lo cual »ha sido sin duda la causa de que 'los críticos, con tesonero empeño, se hayan encarnizado en buscarle analogías, precedentes e influencias de otras obras que puedan explicarnos hoy su excelencia y maestria«. Resulta oportuno hacer una breve re­ seña de estas fuentes o antecedentes literarios, mitológicos, folklóricos, biblicos ...,  propuestos hasta ahora, para enjuiciar mejor otras posibles inspiraciones significativas que se sugieren en nuestro estudio, todo como fondo para un análisis quizás mas fructífero de esta magnifica obra cervantina

Improved pan-specific MHC class I peptide binding predictions using a novel representation of the MHC binding cleft environment

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules play a key role in cell-mediated immune responses presenting bounded peptides for recognition by the immune system cells. Several in silico methods have been developed to predict the binding affinity of a given peptide to a specific MHC molecule. One of the current state-of-the-art methods for MHC class I is NetMHCpan, which has a core ingredient for the representation of the MHC class I molecule using a pseudo-sequence representation of the binding cleft amino acid environment. New and large MHC–peptide-binding data sets are constantly being made available, and also new structures of MHC class I molecules with a bound peptide have been published. In order to test if the NetMHCpan method can be improved by integrating this novel information, we created new pseudo-sequence definitions for the MHC-binding cleft environment from sequence and structural analyses of different MHC data sets including human leukocyte antigen (HLA), non-human primates (chimpanzee, macaque and gorilla) and other animal alleles (cattle, mouse and swine). From these constructs, we showed that by focusing on MHC sequence positions found to be polymorphic across the MHC molecules used to train the method, the NetMHCpan method achieved a significant increase in the predictive performance, in particular, of non-human MHCs. This study hence showed that an improved performance of MHC-binding methods can be achieved not only by the accumulation of more MHC–peptide-binding data but also by a refined definition of the MHC-binding environment including information from non-human species.Fil: Carrasco Pro, Sebastián. Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia; PerúFil: Zimic, Mirko. Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia; PerúFil: Nielsen, Morten. Technical University of Denmark; Dinamarca. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas; Argentin

Rinconete y Cortadillo en busca de la picaresca

La relación de Cervantes con la literatura picaresca ha sido siempre objeto de animadas polémicas. Con referencia específica a Rinconete y Cortadillo se afirma que es novela picaresca; que no lo es en absoluto; que sólo lo es en parte; que sólo  »roza motivos picarescos«; que es »una novela de pícaros, que se encuentra a enorme lejanía de la novela -picaresca«; que representa »una picaresca diversa ..., en que los elementos picarescos adquieren una forma personalísima ... que supera una visíon unilateral ..., cuadro de género picaresco«, etc. En un estudio reciente se nos advierte cuán aventu­ rada es toda opinión sobre lo »picaresco« en Cervantes, cuando ni hay un monolítico género picaresco que pueda abarcarse con una definición satisfactoria. Más lógica y -prometedora sería así la consideración de Rinconete y Cortadillo en sus relaoiones específicas con obras consideradas tradicionalmente como »picarescas«, para destacar, en en cada caso, semejanzas, diferencias, nuevas funcínes del prestamo, etc

La vorágine de la desconfianza en la Novela del curioso impertinente (D. Quijote, I, caps. 32-35)

"Bien - dijo el Cura - me parece esta novela, pero no me puedo persuadir que esto sea verdad; y si es fingido, fingió mal el autor, porque no se puede imaginar que haya marido tan necio que quiera hacer tan costosa experiencia como Anselmo ... , algo tie ne de lo imposible" ( 1195).  Esprobable que allector moderno, "moderately acquainted with novels, films, and plays," no le choque un"case like Anselmo", que consideraría sencillamente como "psychiatric",  pero, ello no obstante, permanecería muy perplejo frente a la razón especffica de la extraña "experiencia ... , fuera del uso común", como la caracteriza el propio Anselmo (1174), que éste hace con Camila, su esposa

Sobre los amores de Leandra y Vicente de la Roca (Don Quijote, I caps. 50-52)

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La ilustre fregona

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Demonios y mártires en la fuerza de la sangre de Cervantes

Sobre La fuerza de la sangre se han expresado muchas opiniones severamente condenatorias: »un fracaso«; falta de »buen gusto«; »it has no bearing on the business or meaning of life«; »it does not merit discussion«, »unworthy of Cervantes' genius«, etc. Para quienes han sostenido estas opiniones hay muchos graves defectos en la novela: estructura novelística muy ingenua; asunto inverosímil, lleno de increíbles coincidencias; desarrollo y desenlace »artificiosos« de la acción; personajes mal retratados, de psicología nada convincente (»Cervantes desantendió de triste manera la caracterización de sus personajes«); moraleja extraña de la historia; ejemplaridad cuestionable de la obra, etc