Treatment of bilogical waste from egg processing

Hlavním cílem této bakalářské práce je rešerše možných využití vaječného odpadu, přičemž důraz je kladen na farmaceutický průmysl. Nejdříve je popsáno běžné nakládání s tímto odpadem včetně legislativy a také je vysvětleno, že se jedná o dvojí surovinu – skořápky plné vápníku a blány bohaté na kolagen a další látky. Dále jsou představeny a zhodnoceny různé způsoby využití vaječného odpadu, k nimž patří zejména aplikace ve farmaceutickém průmyslu. Na závěr je provedena rešerše komerčních řešení, patentů a dalších zdrojů zabývajících se procesem zpracování vaječného odpadu. Z ní vyplynulo, že ačkoliv existuje mnoho patentů, nabídka zařízení pro tento účel je na trhu velmi omezená. Získané poznatky jsou využity při návrhu unikátní procesní linky umožňující zpracování obou složek vaječného odpadu pro jako farmaceutické produkty.The main target of this final thesis is to compile possible uses of eggshell waste with emphasis on pharmaceutical industry. Firstly, the common handling of this waste, including legislation, is described. It is also explained what eggshell waste is mainly composed of – eggshell containing calcium and eggshell membrane rich on collagen and other substances. In addition, various ways of using eggshell waste are presented and evaluated, including manufacture of pharmaceutical products. Finally, a search for commercial solutions, patents and other sources dealing with the process of processing egg waste is carried out. It showed that although there are many patents, the offer of equipment for this purpose is very limited on the market. The acquired knowledge is used in the design of a unique process line enabling processing of both components of eggshell waste as pharmaceutical products.

Systémy s nízkou spotřebou

Tato disertační práce se zabývá architekturou, funkcí a realizací rychlých výběrových obvodů pro časové detektory částic. Samotná částicová fyzika je velmi dynamicky se rozvíjející obor a mezi hlavní předměty jejího zkoumání patří povaha částic tvořících hmotu a radiaci. Práce si klade za cíl přinést komplexní přehled výběrových obvodů používaných v částicových detektorech a vytvořit zcela nový systém výběru událostí pro časový detektor v oblasti fyziky elastického či difrakčního rozptylu v rámci projektu ToF AFP. Podstatou kvalitativního zlepšení vybudovaného trigger systému je vysoká flexibilita rekonfigurace vyhodnocovacích funkcí, sofistikované řízení systému pro sběr dat z detekčního řetězce a také pokročilé možnosti monitorování a řízení samotného trigger modulu. Krom toho má nový trigger systém za úkol přinést kvantitativní zlepšení ve formě snížení latence nezbytné pro rozhodnutí o akceptování či blokování detekované události. Mezi vědecké metody použité pro dosažení vytyčených cílů patří především analýza požadovaných funkcí a parametrů systému následovaná syntézou architektury a obvodového zapojení. Po fázi návrhu a sestavení prototypu byly provedeny laboratorní experimenty, měření vybraných parametrů, a komparace výsledků. Ze zjištěných skutečností plyne, že byly všechny vytyčené cíle naplněny a zkonstruovaný trigger systém bude nasazen na urychlovači LHC v CERNu v rámci provozní periody Run 3.ObhájenoThis thesis is devoted to the architecture, function and realization of the fast selection circuits for timing particle detectors. The particle physics itself is a dynamically evolving branch of the physics and the main search subjects are the particles that constitute the matter and radiation. The work aims to provide a comprehensive overview of selection circuits used in particle detectors and to create a completely new event selection system for a time detector in the field of physics elastic or diffractive scattering for the ToF AFP project. The essence of the qualitative improvement of the built trigger system is the high flexibility of reconfiguration of signal processing functions, sophisticated control of the system for data collection from the detection chain and also advanced possibilities of monitoring and control of the trigger unit itself. In addition, the new trigger system aims to bring quantitative improvements in the form of reducing the latency necessary to decide whether to accept or block a detected event. The scientific methods used to achieve the set goals include, in particular, the analysis of the required functions and parameters of the system, followed by a synthesis of architecture and circuitry. After the design and assembly phase of the prototype the laboratory experiments, measurements of selected parameters and comparison of results were performed. The findings show that all set targets have been met and the constructed trigger system will be installed at the LHC accelerator at CERN within the Run 3 period

The Value Chain as the Basis of Business Model Design

The article presents a new approach to the generation of business models based on value streams. The originality of the study lies in the assumption that in every business model the generator of added value is the value chain which, if original enough, will maximize potential while minimizing costs. This approach will provide the respective enterprise with a high level competitiveness in the long term. The tested group of enterprises consisted of 354 SMEs, one hundred eighty-seven of which were from the manufacturing and industry sector, with 167 from the services sector. The novelty of this approach also consists of the integrated approach to the business environment in which the value streams were analyzed. The results suggest that the analysis of value streams is suitable for the projection of business models. In addition, the methods of dimensional reduction and logit regression have been identified as appropriate analytical tools, with representative results found valid and utilizable in business practice. The authors of the article are aware that this is only the first step in addressing this issue, one which will play a critical role in the gradual process of the upcoming digital transformation of all business models, not only those of SMEs in the Czech Republic

First Search for Exclusive Diphoton Production at High Mass with Tagged Protons in Proton-Proton Collisions at √s=13 TeV

A search for exclusive two-photon production via photon exchange in proton-proton collisions, pp→pγγp with intact protons, is presented. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 9.4 fb−1 collected in 2016 using the CMS and TOTEM detectors at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV at the LHC. Events are selected with a diphoton invariant mass above 350 GeV and with both protons intact in the final state, to reduce backgrounds from strong interactions. The events of interest are those where the invariant mass and rapidity calculated from the momentum losses of the forward-moving protons match the mass and rapidity of the central, two-photon system. No events are found that satisfy this condition. Interpreting this result in an effective dimension-8 extension of the standard model, the first limits are set on the two anomalous four-photon coupling parameters. If the other parameter is constrained to its standard model value, the limits at 95% confidence level are |ζ1|<2.9×10−13 GeV−4 and |ζ2|<6.0×10−13 GeV−4

Measurement of single-diffractive dijet production in proton–proton collisions at √ s = 8 TeV with the CMS and TOTEM experiments

Measurements are presented of the single-diffractive dijet cross section and the diffractive cross section as a function of the proton fractional momentum loss ξ and the four-momentum transfer squared t. Both processes p p → p X and p p → X p , i.e. with the proton scattering to either side of the interaction point, are measured, where X includes at least two jets; the results of the two processes are averaged. The analyses are based on data collected simultaneously with the CMS and TOTEM detectors at the LHC in proton–proton collisions at s√=8TeV during a dedicated run with β∗=90m at low instantaneous luminosity and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 37.5nb−1. The single-diffractive dijet cross section σ p X jj, in the kinematic region ξ40GeV, and pseudorapidity |η|<4.4, is 21.7±0.9(stat)+3.0−3.3(syst)±0.9(lumi)nb. The ratio of the single-diffractive to inclusive dijet yields, normalised per unit of ξ, is presented as a function of x, the longitudinal momentum fraction of the proton carried by the struck parton. The ratio in the kinematic region defined above, for x values in the range −2.9≤log10x≤−1.6, is R=(σ p X jj/Δξ)/σjj=0.025±0.001(stat)±0.003(syst), where σ p X jj and σjj are the single-diffractive and inclusive dijet cross sections, respectively. The results are compared with predictions from models of diffractive and nondiffractive interactions. Monte Carlo predictions based on the HERA diffractive parton distribution functions agree well with the data when corrected for the effect of soft rescattering between the spectator partons

Odderon Exchange from Elastic Scattering Differences between pp and p¯p Data at 1.96 TeV and from pp Forward Scattering Measurements

We describe an analysis comparing the p¯p elastic cross section as measured by the D0 Collaboration at a center-of-mass energy of 1.96 TeV to that in pp collisions as measured by the TOTEM Collaboration at 2.76, 7, 8, and 13 TeV using a model-independent approach. The TOTEM cross sections, extrapolated to a center-of-mass energy of √s=1.96 TeV, are compared with the D0 measurement in the region of the diffractive minimum and the second maximum of the pp cross section. The two data sets disagree at the 3.4σ level and thus provide evidence for the t-channel exchange of a colorless, C-odd gluonic compound, also known as the odderon. We combine these results with a TOTEM analysis of the same C-odd exchange based on the total cross section and the ratio of the real to imaginary parts of the forward elastic strong interaction scattering amplitude in pp scattering for which the significance is between 3.4σ and 4.6σ. The combined significance is larger than 5σ and is interpreted as the first observation of the exchange of a colorless, C-odd gluonic compound

National awards for corporate social responsibility.

Topic of this bachelor´s thesis is the award for corporate social responsibility. In the theoretical part, I will focus on defining corporate social responsibility, organizations supporting this concept and national awards given under this concept. First chapter of the theoretical section focuses on the development, definition and benefits for all stakeholders. Second chapter summarizes the most important organizations, that are involved not only in developing this concept, but also in announcing some of the awards. Third chapter briefly describes selected prizes for social responsibility, including National CSR Prize of the Czech republic. The subject of the practical part is a detailed analysis of the evaluation of the National CSR Prize and its subsequent comparison with selected foreign awards in this area. After the comparison of individual awards, the practical part also includes proposals and recomendations for the future of National award for CSR and SD in the Czech Republic

Electronic load for power supply testing

Tato bakalářská práce je zaměřena na problematiku elektronických zátěží pro testování napájecích zdrojů. Po přehledu dostupných výrobků na trhu a ozřejmění základních principů následuje vlastní obvodové a konstrukční řešení zátěže. Podstatou práce je vytvořit funkční vzorek zařízení schopný testovat některé ze základních parametrů napájecích zdrojů s ohledem na komfortní uživatelské rozhraní, realizované displejem a klávesnicí, a s požadavkem na možnost sběru dat pomocí počítače. Samotné obvodové řešení je sestaveno na základě analýzy a následné úpravy návrhů z dostupných literárních pramenů. Výsledkem snažení je funkční elektronická zátěž, která je schopna testovat základní parametry stejnosměrných napájecích zdrojů a předávat data do PC. Parametry dosahované realizovaným zařízením jsou zhodnoceny na základě provedeného měření.Katedra aplikované elektroniky a telekomunikacíObhájenoThis thesis is focused on the issue of electronic loads for power supply testing. After overview of the available products on the market and explaining the basic principles, follows the circuit and constructional solution. The essence of the work is to create a working sample of the device which is able to test some of the basic parameters of power supplies with regard to comfortable user interface, which is implemented by using the display and keyboard,and with the requirement for computerized data collection. The actual circuit solution is based on the analysis and design modifications of the available literary sources. The result is a functional electronic load which is able to test the basic parameters of DC power supplies and transmit data to a computer. The parameters achieved by the realized device are evaluated on the bases of measurements

Signal Processing Module Tester for Cherenkov Detector in AFP Project

Tento článek vznikl za podpory interního projektu na podporu studentských vědeckých konferencí SVK-2018-005 a projektu SGS-2018-001: Výzkum a vývoj elektronických a komunikačních systémů ve vědeckých a inženýrských aplikacích.The Cherenkov light produced by the detector is widely used in particle physics in order to detect primary and even secondary charged particles. The photomultiplier that follows the detector converts the Cherenkov light to the electrical signals. Depending on the experiment the photomultiplier output signals are usually amplified, discriminated and digitalized. Defined coincidences of preprocessed digital signals from multichannel Cherenkov detector are selected with trigger module (TM). The aim of the Signal Processing Module Tester (SPMT) is to test the TM performance. The SPMT is FPGA based PCB with additional ICs necessary for TM testing and PC communication