The Direction of Reforming the Tax System on the Basis of the Scientific Systemonomic Author’s Model: Nalogonomy

The article discusses the practical significance of the application of the Periodic System of Special Laws of Nalogonomy (PSSLN) on the basis of one of the laws, the law on “Manageability of Energy Information of Nalogonomy.” The study was based on theoretical aspects and practical conclusions of the relationship and interdependence of indicators of the dynamics of gross domestic product, tax revenues to the budget system of the country, and the tax burden on the basis of the correlation-regression method. The philosophical principles of nalogonomy, which determine the hierarchy of the laws in the model of the evolutionary development of the tax system proposed by the author, are considered. The author focuses on the need to reorient the functioning of the tax system from the fiscal to stimulate economic development, to address social issues in society.The existing disproportion in the tax system manifests itself in its various forms and types as inconsistencies in its composition, content and dynamics, and elements, which causes uneven tax burdens on its various participants. At this stage of development of the state, the tax system needs a reorientation of interests, and then the result can surpass and drive the forecasts and expectations, both economic and social

Indirect measurements of gas velocities in galaxy clusters: effects of ellipticity and cluster dynamic state

While awaiting direct velocity measurement of gas motions in the hot intracluster medium, we rely on indirect probes, including gas perturbations in galaxy clusters. Using a sample of ∼80 clusters in different dynamic states from Omega500 cosmological simulations, we examine scaling relations between the fluctuation amplitudes of gas density, δρ/ρ, pressure, δP/P, X-ray surface brightness, Sunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ) y-parameter, and the characteristic Mach number of gas motions, M1d. In relaxed clusters, accounting for halo ellipticities reduces δρ/ρ or δP/P by a factor of up to 2 within r500c. We confirm a strong linear correlation between δρ/ρ (or δP/P) and M1d in relaxed clusters, with the proportionality coefficient η≈1. For unrelaxed clusters, the correlation is less strong and has a larger η≈1.3±0.5 (1.5±0.5) for δρ/ρ (δP/P). Examination of the power-law scaling of M1d with δρ/ρ shows that it is almost linear for relaxed clusters, while for the unrelaxed ones, it is closer to δρ/ρ∝M21d, supporting an increasing role of non-linear terms and compressive modes. In agreement with previous studies, we observe a strong correlation of M1d with radius. Correcting for these correlations leaves a residual scatter in M1d of ∼4(7) per cent for relaxed (perturbed) clusters. Hydrostatic mass bias correlates with M1d as strongly as with δρ/ρ in relaxed clusters. The residual scatters after correcting for derived trends is ∼6−7 per cent. These predictions can be verified with existing X-ray and SZ observations of galaxy clusters combined with forthcoming velocity measurements with X-ray microcalorimeters

Formalization of Sustainable Innovative Development Process in the Model of Innovations Diffusion

The relevance of the study is reasoned by the fact that the sustainability of innovative development cannot be fully estimated by using the parameters which are traditionally observed by the official statistical bodies, so it suggests the need to improve methodological solutions and technology economic interpretation as well as scaling of indicators' values in this field. At the macro level there is a small number of indicators on the basis of which we can conclude about the stability of innovative development of economic systems at the meso - and macro level. In this regard, this article aims to formalize the process of sustainable innovation development on the basis of the parameters' set formation of the innovations' diffusion model and diagnosis of major economic systems' development level. The leading method is the parameters' set formalization of the quantitative model to estimate the level of economic systems' innovative development based on managerial interpretation of descriptive statistics' indicators of innovation activity in the framework of economic activities. A set of quantitative parameters of 9 parametric model of economic systems' innovative development level is formalized in the article, allowing to diagnose the impact of cyclical factors and the institutional environment that are not fully implemented in the existing macro-systems assessing the level of economic systems' innovative development; methods of diagnosis and economic interpretation of the relevant indices and indicators' levels are proposed. The material of this paper is of practical value for enterprises' innovative activities regulators and monitoring agencies, for regional innovation infrastructure  and transfer technology entities, for innovation-active enterprises, because on the basis of the obtained model the optimal solutions in the development of strategies for the upgrading of industries, regions, macro-economic system as a whole are possible. Keywords: innovation development, innovations' diffusion model, cycling, institutional environment, formalization of parameters. JEL Classifications: O31, O34, Q0

Physics of cosmic plasmas from high angular resolution X-ray imaging of galaxy clusters

Galaxy clusters are massive dark matter-dominated systems filled with X-ray emitting, optically thin plasma. Their large size and relative simplicity (at least as astrophysical objects go) make them a unique laboratory to measure some of the interesting plasma properties that are inaccessible by other means but fundamentally important for understanding and modeling many astrophysical phenomena -- from solar flares to black hole accretion to galaxy formation and the emergence of the cosmological Large Scale Structure. While every cluster astrophysicist is eagerly anticipating the direct gas velocity measurements from the forthcoming microcalorimeters onboard XRISM, Athena and future missions such as Lynx, a number of those plasma properties can best be probed by high-resolution X-ray imaging of galaxy clusters. Chandra has obtained some trailblazing results, but only grazed the surface of such studies. In this white paper, we discuss why we need arcsecond-resolution, high collecting area, low relative background X-ray imagers (with modest spectral resolution), such as the proposed AXIS and the imaging detector of Lynx.Comment: Science white paper submitted for Astro2020 Decadal survey. 9 pages, 4 figure

Hitomi (ASTRO-H) X-ray Astronomy Satellite

The Hitomi (ASTRO-H) mission is the sixth Japanese x-ray astronomy satellite developed by a large international collaboration, including Japan, USA, Canada, and Europe. The mission aimed to provide the highest energy resolution ever achieved at E  >  2  keV, using a microcalorimeter instrument, and to cover a wide energy range spanning four decades in energy from soft x-rays to gamma rays. After a successful launch on February 17, 2016, the spacecraft lost its function on March 26, 2016, but the commissioning phase for about a month provided valuable information on the onboard instruments and the spacecraft system, including astrophysical results obtained from first light observations. The paper describes the Hitomi (ASTRO-H) mission, its capabilities, the initial operation, and the instruments/spacecraft performances confirmed during the commissioning operations for about a month

Hitomi X-Ray Studies of Giant Radio Pulses from the Crab Pulsar

To search for giant X-ray pulses correlated with the giant radio pulses (GRPs) from the Crab pulsar, we performed a simultaneous observation of the Crab pulsar with the X-ray satellite Hitomi in the 2300 keV band and the Kashima NICT radio telescope in the 1.41.7 GHz band with a net exposure of about 2 ks on 2016 March 25, just before the loss of the Hitomi mission. The timing performance of the Hitomi instruments was confirmed to meet the timing requirement and about 1000 and 100 GRPs were simultaneously observed at the main pulse and inter-pulse phases, respectively, and we found no apparent correlation between the giant radio pulses and the X-ray emission in either the main pulse or inter-pulse phase. All variations are within the 2 fluctuations of the X-ray fluxes at the pulse peaks, and the 3 upper limits of variations of main pulse or inter-pulse GRPs are 22% or 80% of the peak flux in a 0.20 phase width, respectively, in the 2300 keV band. The values for main pulse or inter-pulse GRPs become 25% or 110%, respectively, when the phase width is restricted to the 0.03 phase. Among the upper limits from the Hitomi satellite, those in the 4.510 keV and 70300 keV bands are obtained for the first time, and those in other bands are consistent with previous reports. Numerically, the upper limits of the main pulse and inter-pulse GRPs in the 0.20 phase width are about (2.4 and 9.3) 10(exp 11) erg cm(exp 2), respectively. No significant variability in pulse profiles implies that the GRPs originated from a local place within the magnetosphere. Although the number of photon-emitting particles should temporarily increase to account for the brightening of the radio emission, the results do not statistically rule out variations correlated with the GRPs, because the possible X-ray enhancement may appear due to a >0.02% brightening of the pulse-peak flux under such conditions

The Role and Status of Knowledge in the Post-Modern Interpretation of the Information Society Theory

The article describes the experience of the socially philosophic consideration of the status problem and the role of knowledge in the modern information society theory. The author points out and considers a totally different research, where knowledge, as a forming factor of modern society, plays the dominant role.В статье представлен опыт социально-философской рефлексии проблемы статуса и роли знания в современной теории информационного общества. Из всего многообразия его интерпретаций автор выделяет и рассматривает те кардинально отличающиеся от большинства исследования, в которых доминирующую роль играет знание, выступающее системообразующим фактором современного общества