METHODS AND MODELS FOR ASSESSMENT OF RELIABILITY OF STRUCTURAL-COMPLEX SYSTEMS

The article presents the main propositions of logical-probabilistic method of analysis the assurance and enhancement of reliability of structurally complex systems, in which the structure of the system is described by means of mathematical logic and quantitative assessment of reliability is performed using probability theory. An example build script the dangerous condition and performed a quantitative investigation of the reliability of complex systems with interdependent basic events. The methods and models are implemented in a computer system that provides the ability to objectively assess the reliability and safety of structurally complex systems and solving problems of operational decision-making in complex emergencies.The article presents the main propositions of logical-probabilistic method of analysis the assurance and enhancement of reliability of structurally complex systems, in which the structure of the system is described by means of mathematical logic and quantitative assessment of reliability is performed using probability theory. An example build script the dangerous condition and performed a quantitative investigation of the reliability of complex systems with interdependent basic events. The methods and models are implemented in a computer system that provides the ability to objectively assess the reliability and safety of structurally complex systems and solving problems of operational decision-making in complex emergencies

American Family Cohort, a data resource description

This manuscript is a research resource description and presents a large and novel Electronic Health Records (EHR) data resource, American Family Cohort (AFC). The AFC data is derived from Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) certified American Board of Family Medicine (ABFM) PRIME registry. The PRIME registry is the largest national Qualified Clinical Data Registry (QCDR) for Primary Care. The data is converted to a popular common data model, the Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics (OHDSI) Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership (OMOP) Common Data Model (CDM). The resource presents approximately 90 million encounters for 7.5 million patients. All 100% of the patients present age, gender, and address information, and 73% report race. Nealy 93% of patients have lab data in LOINC, 86% have medication data in RxNorm, 93% have diagnosis in SNOWMED and ICD, 81% have procedures in HCPCS or CPT, and 61% have insurance information. The richness, breadth, and diversity of this research accessible and research ready data is expected to accelerate observational studies in many diverse areas. We expect this resource to facilitate research in many years to come

Draft de novo Genome Assembly of the Elusive Jaguarundi, Puma yagouaroundi

The Puma lineage within the family Felidae consists of 3 species that last shared a common ancestor around 4.9 million years ago. Whole-genome sequences of 2 species from the lineage were previously reported: the cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) and the mountain lion (Puma concolor). The present report describes a whole-genome assembly of the remaining species, the jaguarundi (Puma yagouaroundi). We sequenced the genome of a male jaguarundi with 10X Genomics linked reads and assembled the whole-genome sequence. The assembled genome contains a series of scaffolds that reach the length of chromosome arms and is similar in scaffold contiguity to the genome assemblies of cheetah and puma, with a contig N50 = 100.2 kbp and a scaffold N50 = 49.27 Mbp. We assessed the assembled sequence of the jaguarundi genome using BUSCO, aligned reads of the sequenced individual and another published female jaguarundi to the assembled genome, annotated protein-coding genes, repeats, genomic variants and their effects with respect to the protein-coding genes, and analyzed differences of the 2 jaguarundis from the reference mitochondrial genome. The jaguarundi genome assembly and its annotation were compared in quality, variants, and features to the previously reported genome assemblies of puma and cheetah. Computational analyzes used in the study were implemented in transparent and reproducible way to allow their further reuse and modification. </p

Genome-wide sequence analyses of ethnic populations across Russia

The Russian Federation is the largest and one of the most ethnically diverse countries in the world, however no centralized reference database of genetic variation exists to date. Such data are crucial for medical genetics and essential for studying population history. The Genome Russia Project aims at filling this gap by performing whole genome sequencing and analysis of peoples of the Russian Federation. Here we report the characterization of genome-wide variation of 264 healthy adults, including 60 newly sequenced samples. People of Russia carry known and novel genetic variants of adaptive, clinical and functional consequence that in many cases show allele frequency divergence from neighboring populations. Population genetics analyses revealed six phylogeographic partitions among indigenous ethnicities corresponding to their geographic locales. This study presents a characterization of population-specific genomic variation in Russia with results important for medical genetics and for understanding the dynamic population history of the world's largest country

Risk of hydroxychloroquine alone and in combination with azithromycin in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: a multinational, retrospective study

Background: Hydroxychloroquine, a drug commonly used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, has received much negative publicity for adverse events associated with its authorisation for emergency use to treat patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. We studied the safety of hydroxychloroquine, alone and in combination with azithromycin, to determine the risk associated with its use in routine care in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Methods: In this multinational, retrospective study, new user cohort studies in patients with rheumatoid arthritis aged 18 years or older and initiating hydroxychloroquine were compared with those initiating sulfasalazine and followed up over 30 days, with 16 severe adverse events studied. Self-controlled case series were done to further establish safety in wider populations, and included all users of hydroxychloroquine regardless of rheumatoid arthritis status or indication. Separately, severe adverse events associated with hydroxychloroquine plus azithromycin (compared with hydroxychloroquine plus amoxicillin) were studied. Data comprised 14 sources of claims data or electronic medical records from Germany, Japan, the Netherlands, Spain, the UK, and the USA. Propensity score stratification and calibration using negative control outcomes were used to address confounding. Cox models were fitted to estimate calibrated hazard ratios (HRs) according to drug use. Estimates were pooled where the I2 value was less than 0·4. Findings: The study included 956 374 users of hydroxychloroquine, 310 350 users of sulfasalazine, 323 122 users of hydroxychloroquine plus azithromycin, and 351 956 users of hydroxychloroquine plus amoxicillin. No excess risk of severe adverse events was identified when 30-day hydroxychloroquine and sulfasalazine use were compared. Self-controlled case series confirmed these findings. However, long-term use of hydroxychloroquine appeared to be associated with increased cardiovascular mortality (calibrated HR 1·65 [95% CI 1·12–2·44]). Addition of azithromycin appeared to be associated with an increased risk of 30-day cardiovascular mortality (calibrated HR 2·19 [95% CI 1·22–3·95]), chest pain or angina (1·15 [1·05–1·26]), and hear

Development of Universal Quantitative Definition Techniques of Oil Products in Water

Выбраны нелетучие, стойкие к окислению и биоразложению маркеры в нефти, содержащиеся во всех фракциях нефти и всех видах НП: нафталин, фенантрен, хризен и флуорен. Найдена зависимость между соотношением алифатических и ароматических УВ и концентрацией выбранных маркеров в нефти. Предложен набор аналитических методов для определения концентрации нефти и НП в воде: ИК-спектроскопия и высокоэффективная жидкостная хроматография. Экспериментально определены концентрации НП в пробах воды выбранными методамиNonvolatile, resistant to oxidation and biodegradation markers in the oil, containing in all fractions of oil and all types of oil products are chosen: naphthalene, phenanthrene, chrysene, and fluorene. Dependence between a ratio of aliphatic and aromatic UV and concentration of the chosen markers in oil is found. The set of analytical methods for determination of oil and oil products concentration in water is offered: IK-spectroscopy and highly effective liquid chromatography. Concentration of oil products in water samples by the chosen methods are experimentally define

Investigation of the small break conditions in the primary circuit of a VVER-1000 reactor

Modes with violation of the reactor plant cooling conditions on the primary circuit side of a VVER reactor were simulated using the TRAC-PD2 and Open FOAM thermohydraulic codes (TRAC-PD2 1981, OpenFOAM User Guide Version 1.6. 2009, OpenFOAM Programmer’s Guide Version 1.6. 2009) based on energy and mass conservation equations for the three-dimensional unsteady flow of a two-phase mixture. Coupled simulation of the dynamics of neutronic and thermohydraulic processes (TRAC-PD2 1981, OpenFOAM User Guide Version 1.6. 2009, OpenFOAM Programmer’s Guide Version 1.6. 2009, Bolshagin et al. 2009, Galanin 1971, Weinberg and Wigner 1961, Ovchinnikov and Semenov 1988, Report LA-UR-03-1987) aims to improve the qualitative understanding and the quantitative presentation of their effects on safety. Investigating these modes using the above thermohydraulic codes makes it possible to analyze the course of transients and certain emergency processes without using the industrial testing method, this providing the basis for solving the problems of ensuring the reliability, operational safety and efficiency of nuclear power plants. A modern nuclear reactor is a complex system studying and calculating which requires more than the use of simple theoretical models. Thermohydraulic calculations are an essential part of most engineering and technological development works in nuclear power. Since, in conditions of an NPP, no technologically conventional way can be used to verify and update the results and findings of an a priori analysis on the basis of commercial tests, investigations based on codes are used in some cases as the tools to study and predict the parameters of thermohydraulic processes in the reactor’s circulation circuit. The main purpose of the study is to calculate and investigate, based on codes, modes with violation of the reactor plant cooling conditions on the primary circuit side of a VVER reactor in order to determine if calculated parameters conform to the acceptance criteria established by regulatory documents