Mass formulas and thermodynamic treatment in the mass-density-dependent model of strange quark matter

The previous treatments for strange quark matter in the quark mass-density-dependent model have unreasonable vacuum limits. We provide a method to obtain the quark mass parametrizations and give a self-consistent thermodynamic treatment which includes the MIT bag model as an extreme. In this treatment, strange quark matter in bulk still has the possibility of absolute stability. However, the lower density behavior of the sound velocity is opposite to previous findings.Comment: Formatted in REVTeX 3.1, 5 pages, 3 figures, to appear in PRC6

Investigation on wear and rolling contact fatigue of wheel-rail materials under various wheel/rail hardness ratio and creepage conditions

The wear and rolling contact fatigue of wheel-rail materials were investigated through varying wheel/rail hardness ratios (Hw/Hr) and creepages. The results indicated that with the Hw/Hr increasing from 0.927 to 1.218, the wheel wear rate reduced significantly in the case of Hw/Hr = 1.218, the rail wear rate showed an increasing trend. Both the wheel and rail wear rates increased as the creepage enlarged. The synergistic results of Hw/Hr and creepage caused a transition of the wear and damage mechanisms on the wheel-rail steels. Besides, the fatigue damage of ER7 and CL60 wheel materials was dominated by slender multi-layer cracks, while the fatigue cracks were short and contained lots of interlayer broken materials on C-class wheel steel

Gap-filling eddy covariance methane fluxes:Comparison of machine learning model predictions and uncertainties at FLUXNET-CH4 wetlands

Time series of wetland methane fluxes measured by eddy covariance require gap-filling to estimate daily, seasonal, and annual emissions. Gap-filling methane fluxes is challenging because of high variability and complex responses to multiple drivers. To date, there is no widely established gap-filling standard for wetland methane fluxes, with regards both to the best model algorithms and predictors. This study synthesizes results of different gap-filling methods systematically applied at 17 wetland sites spanning boreal to tropical regions and including all major wetland classes and two rice paddies. Procedures are proposed for: 1) creating realistic artificial gap scenarios, 2) training and evaluating gap-filling models without overstating performance, and 3) predicting half-hourly methane fluxes and annual emissions with realistic uncertainty estimates. Performance is compared between a conventional method (marginal distribution sampling) and four machine learning algorithms. The conventional method achieved similar median performance as the machine learning models but was worse than the best machine learning models and relatively insensitive to predictor choices. Of the machine learning models, decision tree algorithms performed the best in cross-validation experiments, even with a baseline predictor set, and artificial neural networks showed comparable performance when using all predictors. Soil temperature was frequently the most important predictor whilst water table depth was important at sites with substantial water table fluctuations, highlighting the value of data on wetland soil conditions. Raw gap-filling uncertainties from the machine learning models were underestimated and we propose a method to calibrate uncertainties to observations. The python code for model development, evaluation, and uncertainty estimation is publicly available. This study outlines a modular and robust machine learning workflow and makes recommendations for, and evaluates an improved baseline of, methane gap-filling models that can be implemented in multi-site syntheses or standardized products from regional and global flux networks (e.g., FLUXNET)

Geology, chronology and isotope geochemistry of the Yaojialing zinc-gold deposit, Tongling ore district, Anhui Province, China

The Yaojialing zinc-gold polymetallic deposit is a newly discovered, large skarn deposit in the Middle-Lower Yangtze metallogenic belt, East China. It is located in the transitional zone between the Tongling uplift block and the Fanchang faulted basin. It is mainly hosted in the contact zone between early Cretaceous granodiorite porphyry and Carboniferous-Triassic limestone, or occurs in limestone xenoliths within the intrusion. Skarn and stratabound massive sulfide orebodies are the primary ore styles. Sulfide δ34S V-CDT values indicate a magmatic sulfur source, in common with most deposits in the Tongling block. Calcite δ13CV-PDB and δ18Ov-SMOW ratios reveal that marine carbonates were the major source of carbon in late-stage hydrothermal fluids. The calcite probably formed during interaction between magmatic fluids and carbonate wall roc

Selective growth of gallium nitride nanowires by femtosecond laser patterning

10.1016/j.jallcom.2006.02.086Journal of Alloys and Compounds4491-2250-252JALC

Failure Assessment of Cracked Pipes Based on Failure Assessment Diagram Considering Random and Fuzzy Uncertainties

AbstractDefects of pressure piping, especially cracks, are inevitable during the lifetime of pipe, which will result in the pipe failure. In order to ensure safe operation of pipe, failure assessment for the pressure pipe containing defects needs to be implemented. In fact, the assessment parameters would show two types of uncertainty: randomness and fuzziness, because of the errors of inspection and lack of precise information. In this paper, a fuzzy-probabilistic failure assessment method has been developed based on Failure Assessment Diagram (FAD) from API 579-1/ASME FFS-1 procedure. This method combines the probability theory with possibility theory to deal with fuzzy and random variables. Also, Monte Carlo simulation is used to calculate the failure probability of pipe. This method was applied to a pipe with a surface crack. The effects of variables and their uncertainties on failure probability were analyzed. The results show that the wall thickness and diameter of the pipe has the most important contribution to the pipe failure, followed by the fracture toughness, the yield strength, the operating pressure, the depth and length of the crack

Phase transition in odd-N Pd-isotopes

International audiencePhase transition in odd-N isotopes 99,101,103Pd are investigated via the E-GOS (E-Gamma Over Spin) curves, which strongly suggest a structure evolution from vibration to rotation along the yrast lines with increasing spin. Theoretical calculations have been performed for the ground state bands of 99,101,103Pd in the framework of the cranked shell model (CSM) and the alignment properties observed experimentally are analyzed employing this model. The results show that the phase transition in the ground state bands of 99,101,103Pd can be interpreted as the valence nucleons start to occupy the g9/2 proton orbitals with increasing spin which would polarize the core to a small, but rigid quadrupole deformation