4,400 research outputs found
Calculating Unknown Eigenvalues with a Quantum Algorithm
Quantum algorithms are able to solve particular problems exponentially faster
than conventional algorithms, when implemented on a quantum computer. However,
all demonstrations to date have required already knowing the answer to
construct the algorithm. We have implemented the complete quantum phase
estimation algorithm for a single qubit unitary in which the answer is
calculated by the algorithm. We use a new approach to implementing the
controlled-unitary operations that lie at the heart of the majority of quantum
algorithms that is more efficient and does not require the eigenvalues of the
unitary to be known. These results point the way to efficient quantum
simulations and quantum metrology applications in the near term, and to
factoring large numbers in the longer term. This approach is architecture
independent and thus can be used in other physical implementations
Nanomechanical measurement of adhesion and migration of leukemia cells with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate treatment
published_or_final_versio
Experimental realisation of Shor's quantum factoring algorithm using qubit recycling
Quantum computational algorithms exploit quantum mechanics to solve problems
exponentially faster than the best classical algorithms. Shor's quantum
algorithm for fast number factoring is a key example and the prime motivator in
the international effort to realise a quantum computer. However, due to the
substantial resource requirement, to date, there have been only four
small-scale demonstrations. Here we address this resource demand and
demonstrate a scalable version of Shor's algorithm in which the n qubit control
register is replaced by a single qubit that is recycled n times: the total
number of qubits is one third of that required in the standard protocol.
Encoding the work register in higher-dimensional states, we implement a
two-photon compiled algorithm to factor N=21. The algorithmic output is
distinguishable from noise, in contrast to previous demonstrations. These
results point to larger-scale implementations of Shor's algorithm by harnessing
scalable resource reductions applicable to all physical architectures.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figure
Preface: The Second Generation of Second Amendment Law & Policy
Over 70% of China’s domestic oil production is obtained from nine giant oilfields. Understanding the behaviour of these fields is essential to both domestic oil production and future Chinese oil imports. This study utilizes decline curves and depletion rate analysis to create some future production outlooks for the Chinese giants. Based on our study, we can only conclude that China’s future domestic oil production faces a significant challenge caused by maturing and declining giant fields. Evidence also indicates that the extensive use of water flooding and enhanced oil recovery methods may be masking increasing scarcity and may result in even steeper future decline rates than the ones currently being seen. Our results suggest that a considerable drop in oil production from the Chinese giants can be expected over the next decades
Smad3 promotes cancer progression by inhibiting E4BP4-mediated NK cell development
published_or_final_versio
Demon-like Algorithmic Quantum Cooling and its Realization with Quantum Optics
The simulation of low-temperature properties of many-body systems remains one
of the major challenges in theoretical and experimental quantum information
science. We present, and demonstrate experimentally, a universal cooling method
which is applicable to any physical system that can be simulated by a quantum
computer. This method allows us to distill and eliminate hot components of
quantum states, i.e., a quantum Maxwell's demon. The experimental
implementation is realized with a quantum-optical network, and the results are
in full agreement with theoretical predictions (with fidelity higher than
0.978). These results open a new path for simulating low-temperature properties
of physical and chemical systems that are intractable with classical methods.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures, plus supplementarity material
Combined acoustic radiation force impulse, aminotransferase to platelet ratio index and Forns index assessment for hepatic fibrosis grading in hepatitis B
published_or_final_versio
Melatonin Alters Age-Related Changes in Transcription Factors and Kinase Activation
Male mice were fed 40 ppm melatonin for 2 months prior to sacrifice at age 26 months, and compared with both 26 and 4 month-old untreated controls. The nuclear translocation of NF-κB increased with age in both brain and spleen and this was reversed by melatonin only in brain. Another transcription factor, AP-1 was increased with age in the spleen and not in brain and this could be blocked by melatonin treatment. The fraction of the active relative to the inactive form of several enabling kinases was compared. The proportion of activated ERK was elevated with age in brain and spleen but this change was unresponsive to melatonin. A similar age-related increase in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was also refractory to melatonin treatment. The cerebral melatonin M1 receptor decreased with age in brain but increased in spleen. The potentially beneficial nature of melatonin for the preservation of brain function with aging was suggested by the finding that an age-related decline in cortical synaptophysin levels was prevented by dietary melatonin
Clinical malaria case definition and malaria attributable fraction in the highlands of western Kenya
BACKGROUND: In African highland areas where endemicity of malaria varies greatly according to altitude and topography, parasitaemia accompanied by fever may not be sufficient to define an episode of clinical malaria in endemic areas. To evaluate the effectiveness of malaria interventions, age-specific case definitions of clinical malaria needs to be determined. Cases of clinical malaria through active case surveillance were quantified in a highland area in Kenya and defined clinical malaria for different age groups. METHODS: A cohort of over 1,800 participants from all age groups was selected randomly from over 350 houses in 10 villages stratified by topography and followed for two-and-a-half years. Participants were visited every two weeks and screened for clinical malaria, defined as an individual with malaria-related symptoms (fever [axillary temperature ≥ 37.5°C], chills, severe malaise, headache or vomiting) at the time of examination or 1–2 days prior to the examination in the presence of a Plasmodium falciparum positive blood smear. Individuals in the same cohort were screened for asymptomatic malaria infection during the low and high malaria transmission seasons. Parasite densities and temperature were used to define clinical malaria by age in the population. The proportion of fevers attributable to malaria was calculated using logistic regression models. RESULTS: Incidence of clinical malaria was highest in valley bottom population (5.0% cases per 1,000 population per year) compared to mid-hill (2.2% cases per 1,000 population per year) and up-hill (1.1% cases per 1,000 population per year) populations. The optimum cut-off parasite densities through the determination of the sensitivity and specificity showed that in children less than five years of age, 500 parasites per μl of blood could be used to define the malaria attributable fever cases for this age group. In children between the ages of 5–14, a parasite density of 1,000 parasites per μl of blood could be used to define the malaria attributable fever cases. For individuals older than 14 years, the cut-off parasite density was 3,000 parasites per μl of blood. CONCLUSION: Clinical malaria case definitions are affected by age and endemicity, which needs to be taken into consideration during evaluation of interventions
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