Self-similarity under inflation and level statistics: a study in two dimensions

Energy level spacing statistics are discussed for a two dimensional quasiperiodic tiling. The property of self-similarity under inflation is used to write a recursion relation for the level spacing distributions defined on square approximants to the perfect quasiperiodic structure. New distribution functions are defined and determined by a combination of numerical and analytical calculations.Comment: Latex, 13 pages including 6 EPS figures, paper submitted to PR

In Situ Structure Characterization in Slot-Die-Printed All-Polymer Solar Cells with Efficiency Over 9%

Herein, high-performance printed all-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs) based on a bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) blend film are demonstrated using PTzBI as the donor and N2200 as the acceptor. A slot-die process is used to prepare the BHJ blend, which is a cost-effective, high-throughput approach to achieve large-area photovoltaic devices. The real-time crystallization of polymers in the film drying process is investigated by in situ grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering characterization. Printing is found to significantly improve the crystallinity of the polymer blend in comparison with spin coating. Moreover, printing with 1,8-diiodooctane as the solvent additive enhances the polymer aggregation and crystallization during solvent evaporation, eventually leading to multi-length-scale phase separation, with PTzBI-rich domains in-between the N2200 crystalline fibers. This unique morphology achieved by printing fabrication results in an impressively high power conversion efficiency of 9.10%, which is the highest efficiency reported for printed all-PSCs. These findings provide important guidelines for controlling film drying dynamics for processing all-PSCs

Novel single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the bovine STAT4 gene and their associations with production traits in Chinese Holstein cattle

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 (STAT4) belongs to the STATs family which may play important roles in the activation of milk protein genes and the development of mammary glands. Four novel single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (g.2624A>C ss175327225, g.60330A>G ss175327226, g.63823G>C ss175327227, g.66912C>T ss175327228) of the STAT4 gene were investigated in 966 cattle of three breeds (Chinese holstein, Luxi yellow and Bohai black cattle) in China by polymerase chainreaction-single-strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP), PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and DNA sequencing methods. The SNP (g.60330A>G ss175327226) could be genotyped into three genotypes (AA, AG and GG) with PCR-RFLP using Msp I and another SNP (g.66912C>T ss175327228) only into two genotypes (CC and TC) by PCR-SSCP. The allelic frequencies of the SNP (g.60330A>G) were different among the three different cattle breeds (P < 0.05). The associations between polymorphisms of the STAT4 gene and dairy performance traits were analyzed in 793 Chinese holstein cows. The SNP (g.60330A>G) markedly affected the 305 d matured equivalency (P < 0.05) and fat content (P < 0.05). However, the SNP (g.66912C>T) had no significant relationship with the milk production traits (P > 0.05). Together, the SNP (g.60330A>G) of the STAT4 gene may serve as a molecular marker for the differentiation of various cattle populations and selection of the milk yield and fat content in bovine breeding program

Screening of external magnetic perturbation fields due to sheared plasma flow

Within the single fluid resistive magnetohydrodynamic model, systematic toroidal modelling efforts are devoted to investigate the plasma response induced screening of the applied external 3D magnetic field perturbations in the presence of sheared toroidal flow. One particular issue of interest is addressed, when the local flow speed approaches zero at the perturbation rational surface inside the plasma. Subtle screening physics, associated with the favourable averaged toroidal curvature effect (the GGJ effect (Glasser et al 1975 Phys. Fluids 7 875)), is found to play an essential role during slow flow near the rational surface by enhancing the screening at reduced flow. A strong cancellation effect between different terms of Ohm's law is discovered, leading to different screening physics in the GGJ regime, as compared to that of conventional screening of the typical resistive-inertial regime occurring at faster flow. These modelling results may be applicable to interpret certain mode locking experiments, as well as type-I edge localized mode suppression experiments, with resonant magnetic field perturbations being applied to tokamak plasmas at low input toroidal torque

On the investigation of composite cooling/heating set gel systems based on rice starch and curdlan

In pursuit of advancing the understanding of composite gel systems, this study delves into the intricate realm of rheology, structural elucidation, and mechanical attributes. Specifically, it scrutinizes the symbiotic interplay between rice starch, a cooling-set gel, and curdlan, a thermo-irreversible heating-set gel. A higher curdlan content enhances the inter-chain hydrogen bonding between rice starch and curdlan, resulting in a denser gel structure and thus increased moduli, solid-like behavior, and mechanical properties, and reduced frequency-dependence, especially at high temperatures (>65 \ub0C). For example, with 50 % curdlan incorporation, G′ (90 \ub0C) improved by 252 %. Notably, thermal treatment can compromise the structural integrity of the rice starch gel, reducing strength and softening texture. However, this textural degradation can be effectively mitigated with, for example, 30 % curdlan incorporation, resulting in a 55-fold hardness increase at 85 \ub0C. The knowledge gained from this work offers valuable guidance for tailoring starch-based gel products to specific properties

Multistage Random Growing Small-World Networks with Power-law degree Distribution

In this paper, a simply rule that generates scale-free networks with very large clustering coefficient and very small average distance is presented. These networks are called {\bf Multistage Random Growing Networks}(MRGN) as the adding process of a new node to the network is composed of two stages. The analytic results of power-law exponent $\gamma=3$ and clustering coefficient $C=0.81$ are obtained, which agree with the simulation results approximately. In addition, the average distance of the networks increases logarithmical with the number of the network vertices is proved analytically. Since many real-life networks are both scale-free and small-world networks, MRGN may perform well in mimicking reality.Comment: 3 figures, 4 page

Quantum integrability and exact solution of the supersymmetric U model with boundary terms

The quantum integrability is established for the one-dimensional supersymmetric $U$ model with boundary terms by means of the quantum inverse scattering method. The boundary supersymmetric $U$ chain is solved by using the coordinate space Bethe ansatz technique and Bethe ansatz equations are derived. This provides us with a basis for computing the finite size corrections to the low lying energies in the system.Comment: 4 pages, RevTex. Some cosmetic changes. The version to appear in Phys. Rev.