A quantum secret sharing scheme with verifiable function

In the $\left( {t,n} \right)$ threshold quantum secret sharing scheme, it is difficult to ensure that internal participants are honest. In this paper, a verifiable $\left( {t,n} \right)$ threshold quantum secret sharing scheme is designed combined with classical secret sharing scheme. First of all, the distributor uses the asymmetric binary polynomials to generate the shares and sends them to each participant. Secondly, the distributor sends the initial quantum state with the secret to the first participant, and each participant performs unitary operation that using the mutually unbiased bases on the obtained $d$ dimension single bit quantum state ($d$ is a large odd prime number). In this process, distributor can randomly check the participants, and find out the internal fraudsters by unitary inverse operation gradually upward. Then the secret is reconstructed after all other participants simultaneously public transmission. Security analysis show that this scheme can resist both external and internal attacks

Global existence and controllability to a stochastic integro-differential equation

In this paper, we are focused upon the global uniqueness results for a stochastic integro-differential equation in Fréchet spaces. The main results are proved by using the resolvent operators combined with a nonlinear alternative of Leray-Schauder type in Fréchet spaces due to Frigon and Granas. As an application, a controllability result with one parameter is given to illustrate the theory

The Impact of HIV-and Art-Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Cellular Senescence and Aging

According to the WHO, 38 million individuals were living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), 25.4 million of which were using antiretroviral therapy (ART) at the end of 2019. Despite ART-mediated suppression of viral replication, ART is not a cure and is associated with viral persistence, residual inflammation, and metabolic disturbances. Indeed, due to the presence of viral reservoirs, lifelong ART therapy is required to control viremia and prevent disease progression into acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Successful ART treatment allows people living with HIV (PLHIV) to achieve a similar life expectancy to uninfected individuals. However, recent studies have illustrated the presence of increased comorbidities, such as accelerated, premature immune aging, in ART-controlled PLHIV compared to uninfected individuals. Studies suggest that both HIV-infection and ART-treatment lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, ultimately resulting in cellular exhaustion, senescence, and apoptosis. Since mitochondria are essential cellular organelles for energy homeostasis and cellular metabolism, their compromise leads to decreased oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), ATP synthesis, gluconeogenesis, and beta-oxidation, abnormal cell homeostasis, increased oxidative stress, depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane potential, and upregulation of mitochondrial DNA mutations and cellular apoptosis. The progressive mitochondrial damage induced by HIV-infection and ART-treatment likely contributes to accelerated aging, senescence, and cellular dysfunction in PLHIV. This review discusses the connections between mitochondrial compromise and cellular dysfunction associated with HIV-and ART-induced toxicities, providing new insights into how HIV and current ART directly impact mitochondrial functions and contribute to cellular senescence and aging in PLHIV. Identifying this nexus and potential mechanisms may be beneficial in developing improved therapeutics for treating PLHIV

Asymptotic behavior of solutions to abstract stochastic fractional partial integrodifferential equations

The existence of asymptotically almost automorphic mild solutions to an abstract stochastic fractional partial integrodifferential equation is considered. The main tools are some suitable composition results for asymptotically almost automorphic processes, the theory of sectorial linear operators, and classical fixed point theorems. An example is also given to illustrate the main theorems.The first author was supported by Research Fund for Young Teachers of Sanming University (B2011071Q). The second author was supported by NSF of China (11361032), Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (NCET-10-0022), and NSF of Gansu Province of China (1107RJZA091). And the third author was partially supported by Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (Spain), project MTM2010-15314, and cofinanced by the European Community fund FEDER.S

Foxtail Millet NF-Y Families: Genome-Wide Survey and Evolution Analyses Identified Two Functional Genes Important in Abiotic Stresses

It was reported that Nuclear Factor Y (NF-Y) genes were involved in abiotic stress in plants. Foxtail millet (Setaria italica), an elite stress tolerant crop, provided an impetus for the investigation of the NF-Y families in abiotic responses. In the present study, a total of 39 NF-Y genes were identified in foxtail millet. Synteny analyses suggested that foxtail millet NF-Y genes had experienced rapid expansion and strong purifying selection during the process of plant evolution. De novo transcriptome assembly of foxtail millet revealed 11 drought up-regulated NF-Y genes. SiNF-YA1 and SiNF-YB8 were highly activated in leaves and/or roots by drought and salt stresses. Abscisic acid (ABA) and H2O2 played positive roles in the induction of SiNF-YA1 and SiNF-YB8 under stress treatments. Transient luciferase (LUC) expression assays revealed that SiNF-YA1 and SiNF-YB8 could activate the LUC gene driven by the tobacco (Nicotiana tobacam) NtERD10, NtLEA5, NtCAT, NtSOD or NtPOD promoter under normal or stress conditions. Overexpression of SiNF-YA1 enhanced drought and salt tolerance by activating stress-related genes NtERD10 and NtCAT1 and by maintaining relatively stable relative water content (RWC) and contents of chlorophyll, superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in transgenic lines under stresses. SiNF-YB8 regulated expression of NtSOD, NtPOD, NtLEA5 and NtERD10 and conferred relatively high RWC and chlorophyll contents and low MDA content, resulting in drought and osmotic tolerance in transgenic lines under stresses. Therefore, SiNF-YA1 and SiNF-YB8 could activate stress-related genes and improve physiological traits, resulting in tolerance to abiotic stresses in plants. All these results will facilitate functional characterization of foxtail millet NF-Ys in future studies

Carnosol Modulates Th17 Cell Differentiation and Microglial Switch in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Medicinal plants as a rich pool for developing novel small molecule therapeutic medicine have been used for thousands of years. Carnosol as a bioactive diterpene compound originated from Rosmarinus officinalis (Rosemary) and Salvia officinalis, herbs extensively applied in traditional medicine for the treatment of multiple autoimmune diseases (1). In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effects and molecule mechanism of carnosol in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS). Carnosol treatment significantly alleviated clinical development in the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG35–55) peptide-induced EAE model, markedly decreased inflammatory cell infiltration into the central nervous system and reduced demyelination. Further, carnosol inhibited Th17 cell differentiation and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 phosphorylation, and blocked transcription factor NF-κB nuclear translocation. In the passive-EAE model, carnosol treatment also significantly prevented Th17 cell pathogenicity. Moreover, carnosol exerted its therapeutic effects in the chronic stage of EAE, and, remarkably, switched the phenotypes of infiltrated macrophage/microglia. Taken together, our results show that carnosol has enormous potential for development as a therapeutic agent for autoimmune diseases such as MS

Effect of pinocembrin pre-treatment on expressions of Cx43 protein and claudin 1 in myocardial ischemia cardiomyocytes of arrhythmic rats

Purpose: To investigate the effects of pinocembrin on ventricular rhythm and the expression of cardiomyocyte ligament junction protein (Cx43) and claudin 1 (ZO-1) in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) rats.Methods: Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) model rats (n = 15) were divided into 5 groups: IR group, control group, and 3 pinocembrin groups (3, 10 and 30 mg/kg). The serum levels of creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme (CK-MB) and troponin I (cTnI) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Changes in myocardial tissue were detected by H & E staining, while mRNA and protein levels of Cx43, ZO-1 and Kir2.1 were measured by reverse transcriotion-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting, respectively.Results: In pinocembrin groups, heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and rate-pressure product (RPP) levels were significantly higher compared with IR group (p < 0.05). Moreover, the extent of arrhythmia and the levels of CK-MB and cTnI in pinocembrin groups were lower relative to IR group, while Na+-K+-ATPase and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase activities, as well as Cx43 mRNA, ZO-1 mRNA, and protein levels of Cx43, ZO-1 and Kir2.1 were significantly higher than the corresponding values for IR group (p < 0.05).Conclusion: These results suggest that pinocembrin reduces ventricular arrhythmias in I/R rats by upregulation of expressions of Cx43, ZO-1 and Kir21, and inhibition of re-distribution of ZO-1 and Cx43. These findings provide the basis for the clinical application of pinocembrin in the treatment of arrhythmia.Keywords: Pinocembrin, Ventricular arrhythmia, Ligament junction protein, Recombinant human Kir2.1 protein, Arterial pressure, Protein levels, Claudin, Cardiomyocyt

Research Article

Pseudo almost automorphic and weighted pseudo almost automorphic mild solutions to a partial functional differential equation in Banach space