Differential graded enhancements of singularity categories

The singularity category of a ring detects the homological singularity of the given ring, and appears in many different contexts. We describe two different dg enhancements of the singularity category, that is, the Vogel dg category and the singular Yoneda dg category. These two dg enhancements turn out to be quasi-equivalent. We report some progress on the Singular Presilting Conjecture.Comment: Proceedings of ICRA 2022, to appea

A Novel Temperature Model of Regions Formed during the Preheating Stage of Belt Heating in Incremental Sheet Forming

The temperature of a forming region has a gradient distribution characteristic in the belt heating incremental sheet forming process, in which the relation between the heating power and the temperature distribution is ambiguous in the pre-heating stage. The setup of the heating power is therefore challenging, and the whole forming efficiency might decrease due to the above issue. Therefore, this paper proposes a belt heating method for electric conduction heating and presents a temperature calculation model for the forming region of the plate in the preheating state based on the heat conduction model. The calculated accuracy of the model is analysed through physical experiments, and the thermal transfer efficiency of heating tubes is analysed in detail. Based on the result, the thermal transfer efficiency value for heating tubes is determined to improve the accuracy of the suggested model. In addition, the effect of the model slope on the calculated result is further analysed, and the setting method of the slope value for the model is proposed according to different accuracy requirements

Ailanthone targets p23 to overcome MDV3100 resistance in castration-resistant prostate cancer

Androgen receptor (AR) antagonist MDV3100 is the first therapeutic approach in treating castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), but tumours frequently become drug resistant via multiple mechanisms including AR amplification and mutation. Here we identify the small molecule Ailanthone (AIL) as a potent inhibitor of both full-length AR (AR-FL) and constitutively active truncated AR splice variants (AR-Vs). AIL binds to the co-chaperone protein p23 and prevents AR's interaction with HSP90, thus resulting in the disruption of the AR-chaperone complex followed by ubiquitin/proteasome-mediated degradation of AR as well as other p23 clients including AKT and Cdk4, and downregulates AR and its target genes in PCa cell lines and orthotopic animal tumours. In addition, AIL blocks tumour growth and metastasis of CRPC. Finally, AIL possesses favourable drug-like properties such as good bioavailability, high solubility, lack of CYP inhibition and low hepatotoxicity. In general, AIL is a potential candidate for the treatment of CRPC

Precipitation from persistent extremes is increasing in most regions and globally

Extreme precipitation often persists for multiple days with variable duration but has usually been examined at fixed duration. Here we show that considering extreme persistent precipitation by complete event with variable duration, rather than a fixed temporal period, is a necessary metric to account for the complexity of changing precipitation. Observed global mean annual-maximum precipitation is significantly stronger (49.5%) for persistent extremes than daily extremes. However, both globally observed and modeled rates of relative increases are lower for persistent extremes compared to daily extremes, especially for Southern Hemisphere and large regions in the 0-45°N latitude band. Climate models also show significant differences in the magnitude and partly even the sign of local mean changes between daily and persistent extremes in global warming projections. Changes in extreme precipitation therefore are more complex than previously reported, and extreme precipitation events with varying duration should be taken into account for future climate change assessments

The dg Leavitt algebra, singular Yoneda category and singularity category

For any finite dimensional algebra $\Lambda$ given by a quiver with relations, we prove that its dg singularity category is quasi-equivalent to the perfect dg derived category of a dg Leavitt path algebra. The result might be viewed as a deformed version of the known description of the dg singularity category of a radical-square-zero algebra in terms of a Leavitt path algebra with trivial differential. The above result is achieved in two steps. We first introduce the singular Yoneda dg category of $\Lambda$, which is quasi-equivalent to the dg singularity category of $\Lambda$. The construction of this new dg category follows from a general operation for dg categories, namely an explicit dg localization inverting a natural transformation from the identity functor to a dg endofunctor. This localization turns out to be quasi-equivalent to a dg quotient category. Secondly, we prove that the endomorphism algebra of the quotient of $\Lambda$ modulo its Jacobson radical in the singular Yoneda dg category is isomorphic to the dg Leavitt path algebra. The appendix is devoted to an alternative proof of the result using Koszul-Moore duality and derived localizations.Comment: Appendix by Bernhard Keller and Yu Wang, v2 some changes in exposition, 51 page

A Facile Bifunctional Strategy for Fabrication of Bioactive or Bioinert Functionalized Organic Surfaces via Amides-Initiated Photochemical Reactions

The excellent potential of organic polymeric materials in the biomedical field could be exploited if their interfacial problem could be fully resolved. A necessary prerequisite to this purpose often involves the simple but effective synthesis of a bioactive surface to endow polymer surfaces with high reactivity toward efficient biomolecules conjugation and a bioinert surface to prevent nonspecific adsorption of nontarget biomolecules. Although the corresponding research has been an important topic, actually few strategies could pave the way to comprehensively and simply tackle both of the bioactive and bioinert surfaces preparation issues. Herein we report an extremely simple and integrative bifunctional method that could efficiently tailor an organic material surface toward both bioactive and bioinert functions. This method is based on the use of an amides-initiated photochemical reaction in a confined space, which depending on the type of solutes used, results in the incorporation of primary amine groups or surface carbon radicals on an inert polymer surface. The grafted amine group could be used as a highly reactive site for biomolecule conjugation, and the surface carbon radical could be used to initiate radical graft polymerization of antifouling polymer brushes. We expect this simple but powerful method could provide a general resolution to solve the interfacial problem of organic substrate, offering a low-cost practical approach for real biomedical applications

Asymmetric Soil Warming under Global Climate Change

Daily surface soil temperature data from 360 weather stations in China during 1962–2011 were retrieved and analyzed. The data revealed two aspects of asymmetric soil warming. Firstly, there was asymmetry between day and night in terms of increases in soil temperature. The daily maximum surface soil temperature ( S T max ) and daily minimum surface soil temperature ( S T min ) increased at rates of 0.031 and 0.055 °C/year over the 50-year interval, respectively. As a consequence of the more rapid increases in S T min , the soil diurnal temperature range (SDTR) decreased at most stations (average rate of –0.025 °C/year), with the most profound decrease in winter (–0.08 °C/year). The solar duration (SD) was positively related to SDTR and is regarded as the key underlying cause of the decreasing SDTR. Secondly, there was asymmetry between the soil and air in the temperature increase. The differences between soil and air temperature ( T D ) were highest in summer (2.76 °C) and smallest in winter (1.55 °C), which decreased by 0.3 °C over the study interval, this meant agricultural practice plans based on air temperature alone may be severely limited. The difference between soil temperature and air temperature reduces at night. This would facilitate the wintering of perennials in areas near the zero-contour line