PromptCBLUE: A Chinese Prompt Tuning Benchmark for the Medical Domain

Biomedical language understanding benchmarks are the driving forces for artificial intelligence applications with large language model (LLM) back-ends. However, most current benchmarks: (a) are limited to English which makes it challenging to replicate many of the successes in English for other languages, or (b) focus on knowledge probing of LLMs and neglect to evaluate how LLMs apply these knowledge to perform on a wide range of bio-medical tasks, or (c) have become a publicly available corpus and are leaked to LLMs during pre-training. To facilitate the research in medical LLMs, we re-build the Chinese Biomedical Language Understanding Evaluation (CBLUE) benchmark into a large scale prompt-tuning benchmark, PromptCBLUE. Our benchmark is a suitable test-bed and an online platform for evaluating Chinese LLMs' multi-task capabilities on a wide range bio-medical tasks including medical entity recognition, medical text classification, medical natural language inference, medical dialogue understanding and medical content/dialogue generation. To establish evaluation on these tasks, we have experimented and report the results with the current 9 Chinese LLMs fine-tuned with differtent fine-tuning techniques

Ultra-thin materials for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to prepare liquid fuels

The electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) can not only alleviate the negative effects caused by excessive CO2, but also produce the carbon-containing fuels to alleviate energy shortages. However, the reactive paths of CO2RR are relatively complicated, and the problems such as low selectivity, low current density and poor stability exist. It is urgent to develop efficient and inexpensive catalysts to promote its development. Ultra-thin materials have the advantages of large specific surface area, fully exposed active sites, accelerated kinetic mass transfer, and adjustable electronic structure. They are expected to break the bottleneck of CO2RR, thus receiving widespread attention. Here, the synthesis and application of ultra-thin materials in the past four years in electrocatalytic CO2RR to produce liquid fuels (formic acid, methanol, acetic acid) were briefly summarized. The advantages of ultra-thin materials over bulk materials and their influence on catalytic activity, selectivity and reaction paths were discussed. Also, some suggestions for future development trends, including the synthesis methodology of ultra-thin materials, their potential as supports, mechanism analysis and machine learning were put forward

Reducing Endogenous Labile Zn May Help to Reduce Smooth Muscle Cell Injury around Vascular Stents

Vascular stent service involves complex service environments and performance requirements, among which the histocompatibility of the stent could seriously affect the therapeutic effect. In the pathology of vascular disease, the thin fiber cap is easily ruptured, exposing the necrotic core below, and triggering a series of dangerous biochemical reactions. In contrast, the thin neointima, considered an essential structure growing on the stent, may evolve into vulnerable plaque structures due to lesions induced by the stent. Therefore, the reduction of necrosis around the stent below the thin neointima is indispensable. In this work, different cell model experiments suggested that the content of endogenous labile Zn positively correlated with cell injury. Zinquin-Zn fluorescence experiments and zinc ion channels research suggested that the change in the content of endogenous labile Zn in smooth muscle cells is affected by different stent coatings. The content of endogenous labile Zn in cells negatively correlated with cell viability. Animal experiments indirectly verified the increase in endogenous labile Zn by detecting the expression of Zn regulatory protein (metallothionein) in the necrotic tissues. Reducing the content of endogenous labile Zn may favor a reduction in smooth muscle cell injury and necrosis. This biochemical mechanism is effective in improving the therapeutic effect of vascular stents