416 research outputs found
Optogenetic probing of fast glutamatergic transmission from hypocretin/orexin to histamine neurons in situ
Hypothalamic hypocretin/orexin (hcrt/orx) neurons coordinate sleep-wake cycles, reward seeking, and body energy balance. Neuro-chemical data suggest that hcrt/orx cells contain several transmitters, but what hcrt/orx cells release onto their projection targets is unknown. A major pathway by which hcrt/orx neurons are thought to promote arousal is through projections to tuberomammillary histamine (HA) neurons. To study the impact of the electrical activity in hcrt/orx cells on HA neurons, we genetically targeted the light-activated excitatory ion channel channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) to the plasma membrane of hcrt/orx cells, and performed patch-clamp recordings from HA cells in acute mouse brain slices. Stimulation of ChR2-containing fibers with millisecond flashes of blue light produced fast postsynaptic currents in HA neurons, with ahigh connection probability (≈60% of HA cells were connected to ≈40% of hcrt/orx cells expressing ChR2). These inputs depended on tetrodotoxin-sensitive action potentials, had kinetics typical of glutamatergic responses mediated by AMPA receptors, were blocked by the AMPA receptor blocker CNQX, and displayed multiple forms of short-term plasticity (depression in ≈70% trials, facilitation in ≈30% trials, both often in the same cell). Furthermore, stimulation of hcrt/orx axons at physiological frequencies rapidly and reversibly increased action potential firing in HA cells, an effect that was abolished by blockade of AMPA receptors. These results provide the first functional evidence that hcrt/orx neurons are capable of fast glutamatergic control of their projection targets, and suggest that variations in electrical activity of hcrt/orx axons can induce rapid changes in long-range signals generated by HA neurons. ©2012 the authors
Study on the tropism of six species of insect pests in stored grain to different colors
The tropism of six species of insect pests in stored grain to six kinds of colours was researched in laboratory by color correction.The results showed that the tropism of six species of insect pests in stored grain to different colors mostly changed with time, and the behavioral responses of the Tribolium castaneum(Herbst)、Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val、Sitophilus oryzae (linnaeus)、Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky to different colors were significantly different within a specific period of time (P≤0.05).Red、orange and black had obvious attracting effect on Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), with the highest trapping rates of 76.23%、39.55%、49.57%; Red and black had obvious attracting effect on Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky,with the highest trapping rates of 38.48%、38.67%.The Liposcelis bostrychophila Bodonnel and Liposcelis decolor (Pearman) showed evasiveness to the most of the six colors tested.Red and purple had evident evasive effects on the Liposcelis bostrychophila Bodonnel and Liposcelis decolor (Pearman), with the highest evasive rates of 70.29% and 54.46%.The results can provide reference for the development of color traps to trap and monitor pests in stored grain
Transition Form Factor up to within the Factorization Approach
In the paper, we apply the factorization approach to deal with the
transition form factor in the large recoil
regions. The B-meson wave functions and that include the
three-particle Fock states' contributions are adopted to give a consistent PQCD
analysis of the form factor up to . It has been found that
both the wave functions and can give sizable
contributions to the form factor and should be kept for a better understanding
of the meson decays. Then the contributions from different twist structures
of the kaon wavefunction are discussed, including the -breaking
effects. A sizable contribution from the twist-3 wave function is
found, whose model dependence is discussed by taking two group of parameters
that are determined by different distribution amplitude moments obtained in the
literature. It is also shown that and
, which are more
reasonable and consistent with the light-cone sum rule results in the large
recoil regions.Comment: 22 pages and 6 figure
Suppress HBV by therapeutic vaccine
乙肝预防性疫苗显著减少了乙肝新发感染,但目前全球仍有约2.5亿慢性乙肝感染者,若未得到有效治疗,可能发展为肝癌、肝硬化等终末期肝病并导致死亡。夏宁邵教授团队研究发展了一种新型的B细胞表位嵌合型类病毒颗粒乙肝治疗性疫苗(治疗性蛋白),在多种模型中证实了其对慢性乙肝感染的治疗潜力,为研发治疗慢性乙肝的原创药物提供了新思路。
我校博士后张天英、博士生郭雪染和博士生巫洋涛为该论文共同第一作者,夏宁邵教授、袁权副教授、张军教授为该论文的共同通讯作者。【Abstract】Objective: This study aimed to develop a novel therapeutic vaccine based on a unique B cell epitope and investigate its therapeutic potential against chronic hepatitis B (CHB) in animal models.
Methods: A series of peptides and carrier proteins were evaluated in HBV-tolerant mice to obtain an optimized therapeutic molecule. The immunogenicity,therapeutic efficacy and mechanism of the candidate were investigated systematically.
Results: Among the HBsAg-aa119-125-containing peptides evaluated in this study, HBsAg-aa113-135 (SEQ13) exhibited the most striking therapeutic effects. A novel immuno-enhanced virus-like particle carrier (CR-T3) derived from the roundleaf bat HBV core antigen (RBHBcAg) was created and used to display SEQ13, forming candidate molecule CR-T3-SEQ13. Multiple copies of SEQ13 displayed on the surface of this particulate antigen promote the induction of a potent anti-HBs antibody response in mice, rabbits and cynomolgus monkeys. Sera and purified polyclonal IgG from the immunized animals neutralized HBV infection in vitro and mediated efficient HBV/HBsAg clearance in the mice. CR-T3-SEQ13-based vaccination induced long-term suppression of HBsAg and HBV DNA in HBV transgenic mice and eradicated the virus completely in hydrodynamic-based HBV carrier mice. The suppressive effects on HBsAg were strongly correlated with the anti-HBs level after vaccination, suggesting that the main mechanism of CR-T3-SEQ13 vaccination therapy was the induction of a SEQ13-specific antibody response that mediated HBV/HBsAg clearance. Conclusions: The novel particulate protein CR-T3-SEQ13 suppressed HBsAg effectively through induction of a humoral immune response in HBV-tolerant mice. This B cell epitope-based therapeutic vaccine may provide a novel immunotherapeutic agent against chronic HBV infection in humans.This work was supported by the National Scientific and Technological Major project (2017ZX10202203-001), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31730029, 81672023, 81871316 and 81702006) and the Xiamen University President Fund Project (20720160063).
该研究获得了“艾滋病和病毒性肝炎等重大传染病防治”科技重大专项、国家自然科学基金等资助
Corrigendum to: The TianQin project: current progress on science and technology
In the originally published version, this manuscript included an error related to indicating the corresponding author within the author list. This has now been corrected online to reflect the fact that author Jun Luo is the corresponding author of the article
Overexpression of Cystatin SN positively affects survival of patients with surgically resected esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Does or did the supernova remnant Cassiopeia A operate as a PeVatron?
For decades, supernova remnants (SNRs) have been considered the prime sources
of Galactic Cosmic rays (CRs). But whether SNRs can accelerate CR protons to
PeV energies and thus dominate CR flux up to the knee is currently under
intensive theoretical and phenomenological debate. The direct test of the
ability of SNRs to operate as CR PeVatrons can be provided by ultrahigh-energy
(UHE; ~TeV) -rays. In this context, the historical
SNR Cassiopeia A (Cas A) is considered one of the most promising target for UHE
observations. This paper presents the observation of Cas A and its vicinity by
the LHAASO KM2A detector. The exceptional sensitivity of LHAASO KM2A in the UHE
band, combined with the young age of Cas A, enabled us to derive stringent
model-independent limits on the energy budget of UHE protons and nuclei
accelerated by Cas A at any epoch after the explosion. The results challenge
the prevailing paradigm that Cas A-type SNRs are major suppliers of PeV CRs in
the Milky Way.Comment: 11 pages, 3 figures, Accepted by the APJ
Measurement of ultra-high-energy diffuse gamma-ray emission of the Galactic plane from 10 TeV to 1 PeV with LHAASO-KM2A
The diffuse Galactic -ray emission, mainly produced via interactions
between cosmic rays and the interstellar medium and/or radiation field, is a
very important probe of the distribution, propagation, and interaction of
cosmic rays in the Milky Way. In this work we report the measurements of
diffuse -rays from the Galactic plane between 10 TeV and 1 PeV
energies, with the square kilometer array of the Large High Altitude Air Shower
Observatory (LHAASO). Diffuse emissions from the inner
(, ) and outer
(, ) Galactic plane are detected with
and significance, respectively. The outer Galactic
plane diffuse emission is detected for the first time in the very- to
ultra-high-energy domain (~TeV). The energy spectrum in the inner Galaxy
regions can be described by a power-law function with an index of
, which is different from the curved spectrum as expected from
hadronic interactions between locally measured cosmic rays and the
line-of-sight integrated gas content. Furthermore, the measured flux is higher
by a factor of than the prediction. A similar spectrum with an index of
is found in the outer Galaxy region, and the absolute flux for
TeV is again higher than the prediction for hadronic
cosmic ray interactions. The latitude distributions of the diffuse emission are
consistent with the gas distribution, while the longitude distributions show
clear deviation from the gas distribution. The LHAASO measurements imply that
either additional emission sources exist or cosmic ray intensities have spatial
variations.Comment: 12 pages, 8 figures, 5 tables; accepted for publication in Physical
Review Letters; source mask file provided as ancillary fil
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