Small extracellular vesicles derived from acute myeloid leukemia cells promote leukemogenesis by transferring miR-221-3p

Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) transfer cargos between cells and participate in various physiological and pathological processes through their autocrine and paracrine effects. However, the pathological mechanisms employed by sEV-encapsulated microRNAs (miRNAs) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are still obscure. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of AML cells-derived sEVs (AML-sEVs) on AML cells and delineate the underlying mechanisms. We initially used high-throughput sequencing to identify miR-221-3p as the miRNA prominently enriched in AML-sEVs. Our findings revealed that miR-221-3p promoted AML cell proliferation and leukemogenesis by accelerating cell cycle entry and inhibiting apoptosis. Furthermore, Gbp2 was confirmed as a target gene of miR-221-3p by dual luciferase reporter assays and rescue experiments. Additionally, AML-sEVs impaired the clonogenicity, particularly the erythroid differentiation ability, of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Taken together, our findings reveal how sEVs-delivered miRNAs contribute to AML pathogenesis, which can be exploited as a potential therapeutic target to attenuate AML progression

The role of virtual photons in nanoscale photonics

The fundamental theory of processes and properties associated with nanoscale photonics should properly account for the quantum nature of both the matter and the radiation field. A familiar example is the Casimir force, whose significant role in nanoelectromechanical systems is widely recognised; the correct representation invokes the creation of short-lived virtual photons from the vacuum. In fact, there is an extensive range of nanophotonic interactions in which virtual photon exchange plays a vital role, mediating the coupling between particles. This review surveys recent theory and applications, also exhibiting novel insights into key electrodynamic mechanisms. Examples are numerous and include: laser-induced inter-particle forces known as optical binding; non-parametric frequency-conversion processes especially in rare-earth doped materials; light-harvesting polymer materials that involve electronic energy transfer between their constituent chromophores. An assessment of these and the latest prospective applications concludes with a view on future directions of research

Moving contact line problem: Advances and perspectives

The solid-liquid interface, which is ubiquitous in nature and our daily life, plays fundamental roles in a variety of physical-chemical-biological-mechanical phenomena, for example in lubrication, crystal growth, and many biological reactions that govern the building of human body and the functioning of brain. A surge of interests in the moving contact line (MCL) problem, which is still going on today, can be traced back to 1970s primarily because of the existence of the “Huh-Scriven paradox”. This paper, mainly from a solid mechanics perspective, describes very briefly the multidisciplinary nature of the MCL problem, then summarizes some major advances in this exciting research area, and some future directions are presented

THE UNIQUE PROPERTIES OF THE SOLID-LIKE CONFINED LIQUID FILMS:A LARGE SCALE MOLECULAR DYNAMICS SIMULATION APPROACH

The properties of the confined liquid are dramatically different from those of the bulk state, which were reviewed in the present work. We performed large-scale molecular dynamics simulations and full-atom nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the shear response of the confined simple liquid as well as the n -hexadecane ultrathin films. The shear viscosity of the confined simple liquid increases with the decrease of the film thickness. Apart from the well-known ordered structure, the confined n -hexadecane exhibited a transition from 7 layers to 6 in our simulations while undergoing an increasing shear velocity. Various slip regimes of the confined n -hexadecane were obtained. Viscosity coefficients of individual layers were examined and the results revealed that the local viscosity coefficient varies with the distance from the wall. The individual n -hexadecane layers showed the shear-thinning behaviors which can be correlated with the occurrence of the slip. This study aimed at elucidating the detailed shear response of the confined liquid and may be used in the design and application of micro- and nano-devices

understandingformationmechanismofznodiatomicchainandmultishellstructureusingphysicalmechanicsmoleculardynamicsandfirstprinciplesimulations

In this paper, the possibility of the monatomic chain (MC) formation for ZnO material was studied by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. The process of MC formation and the effects of temperature, strain rate and size were studied extensively. The tensile process can be divided to be five stages and the ZnO diatomic chain (DC) can be found. The MD results show that most atoms in MC came from the original surface of ZnO nanowires (NWs). Temperature and strain rate are two important factors affecting the process, and both high temperature and low strain rate in a certain range would be beneficial to the formation of DC. Moreover, the effects of strain rate and temperature could attribute to the Arrhenius model and the energy release mechanism. Furthermore, multi-shell structure was found for the samples under tensile strain and the layer-layer distance was about 3 . Our studies based on density functional theory showed that the most stable structure of ZnO DC was confirmed to be linear, and the I-V curve was also got using ATK

thedispersioncharacteristicsofthewavespropagatinginaspinningsinglewalledcarbonnanotube

As the nano-motor becomes a mechanical reality, its prototype can be envisaged as nano-sized rotating machinery at a situation, albeit for different purposes, like that in the first half of the 20th century during which rotor dynamics has contributed to boosting machine power capacity. Accordingly, we take the benefit of hindsight to develop a classical framework of vibration analysis. Essentially, the equations of motion are formulated to cope with both the special carbon-nanotube properties and the first author's previously developed spinning beam formalism, establishing a model satisfactorily verified by some available molecular dynamics (MD) data and classical spinning beam results extracted from the literature. The model is inexpensive based on continuum mechanics as an alternative to the less-flexible MD method for simulating wave motion of the spinning single-walled carbon nanotube, yielding several interesting phenomena, including the fall-off and splitting of the wave characteristic curves and the unexpected gyroscopic phase property. Potential applications are proposed