Research progress on the relationship between fibroblast growth factor 23 and chronic kidney disease

Chronic kidney disease(CKD)is now a global public health problem. In chronic kidney disease(CKD)patients，almost all have complications such as calcium and phosphorus metabolism disorders，hyperparathyroidism，cardiovascular disease，anemia，and inflammation，which seriously affect the progress and prognosis of CKD. Fibroblast growth factor 23(FGF23) is a bone-derived hormone that regulates the metabolism of phosphate and vitamin D. In the past，FGF23 was generally considered to play only an important role in the regulation of calcium and phosphorus metabolism. In recent years FGF23has been found to be associated with the occurrence or progression of various CKD complications. This opens up new horizons for studying the role of FGF23 in the course of chronic kidney disease. FGF23 is expected to become a new therapeutic target in the future，improving the prognosis of patients with CKD. This article will review the biological characteristics of FGF23 and its role in the progression of CKD.  And briefly discuss its potential future role in chronic kidney disease

Observation of chaotic polarization attractors from a graphene mode locked soliton fiber laser

We have demonstrated an all-fiber passively mode locked erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) based on graphene–polyvinyl-alcohol film. By watchfully adjusting the polarization controller, two different polarization attractors, including polarization locked vector solitons and a circular attractor, can be observed. This is first time, to the best of our knowledge, to explore the dynamics polarization attractors exhibited by a vector soliton generated from an EDFL based on graphene

Transcriptome analysis of <em>Marsupenaeus japonicus</em> hepatopancreas during WSSV persistent infection

White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) can cause a large-scale death of cultured shrimp and significant damage to the shrimp farming industry. Marsupenaeus japonicus is one of the world's most important economically farmed shrimp. This study found that some M. japonicus survived the spontaneous outbreak of WSSV. Surprisingly, these virus-carrying shrimp showed no apparent illnesses or outbreaks of white spot disease in the subsequent cultivation, and their body size was substantially smaller than healthy shrimp, indicating a long-term fight between the host and the virus. To investigate this interesting phenomenon, we analyzed the transcriptomes of healthy shrimp and survived shrimp through the RNA-Seq platform, attempting to reveal the underlying molecular mechanism of the struggle between M. japonicus and WSSV. Transcriptional analysis showed that a total of 37,815 unigenes were assembled, with an average length of 1,193.34 bp and N50 of 2,049 bp. In the KEGG pathway, enrichment analysis of DEGs pathways related to immunity, biosynthesis, and growth metabolism was enriched, including pentose phosphate pathway, glycerophospholipid metabolism, fatty acid biosynthesis, Wnt signaling pathway, biosynthesis of amino acids, ascorbate, and aldarate metabolism. Our data showed a delicate balance between M. japonicus and WSSV infection: On the one hand, WSSV infection can cause host metabolism and biosynthesis disorders in the host, and the virus consumes a portion of the material and energy required for shrimp average growth and reproduction. If WSSV infection persisted for a long time, then the growth rate of M. japonicus decreased. On the other hand, the host can regulate immune defense to resist subsequent viral infection. This study reveals the underlying molecular mechanism of a long-term battle of M. japonicus against WSSV infection, providing novel insights for preventing WSSV persistent infection in M. japonicus and other farmed shrimp species

Hybrid tilted fiber grating based refractive index and liquid level sensing system

We report a refractive index (RI) and liquid level sensing system based on a hybrid grating structure comprising of a 45° and an 81° tilted fiber gratings (TFGs) that have been inscribed into a single mode fiber in series. In this structure, the 45°-TFG is used as a polarizer to filter out the transverse electric (TE) component and enable the 81°-TFG operating at single polarization for RI and level sensing. The experiment results show a lower temperature cross-sensitivity, only about 7.33 pm/°C, and a higher RI sensitivity, being around 180 nm/RIU at RI=1.345 and 926 nm/RIU at RI=1.412 region, which are significantly improved in comparison with long period fiber gratings. The hybrid grating structure has also been applied as a liquid level sensor, showing 3.06 dB/mm linear peak ratio sensitivity

L-band GHz femtosecond passively harmonic mode-locked Er-doped fiber laser based on nonlinear polarization rotation

Via using an L-band optimized in-fiber polarizing grating device, a GHz L-band femtosecond passively harmonic mode-locked (PHML) Er-doped fiber laser based on nonlinear polarization rotation (NPR) is firstly demonstrated. 4.22 GHz pulses with the duration of 810 fs and super-mode suppression ratio (SMSR) of 32 dB are obtained under the pump power of 712 mW corresponding to 215th harmonic order. The central wavelength of 4.22 GHz pulses is 1581.7 nm with 10.1 nm 3-dB bandwidth. Furthermore, under this fixed pump power, higher harmonic orders can also be attained by rotating the polarization controllers (PCs) properly. The highest repetition rate we obtained is 7.41 GHz with the SMSR of 20.7 dB

Dynamic polarization attractors of dissipative solitons from carbon nanotube mode-locked Er-doped laser

We report experimental observation of polarization attractors in the form of vector dissipative solitons from a carbon nanotube mode locked fiber laser. At a time scale of 14-14,000 roundtrips, the typical polarization locked vector solitons, and other appealing attractors are shown. In addition, we observe the vector dissipative solitons operated in dual-wavelength regime with central wavelength of 1533 and 1557 nm which can be related to a fixed point polarization attractor. The results unveiled complex oscillatory behavior of dissipative solitons in the polarization domain which may help understand laser physics, nonlinear optics. The demonstrated work may underpin a new type of high energy laser source leading to possible applications in nanoparticle manipulation, micromachining, spectroscopy etc

All-fiber polarization interference filters based on 45°-tilted fiber gratings

We report all-fiber polarization interference filters, known as Lyot and Lyot-Ohman filters, based on alternative concatenation of UV-inscribed fiber gratings with structure tilted at 45° and polarization maintaining (PM) fiber cavities. Such filters generate comb-like transmission of linear polarization output. The free spectral range (FSR) of a single-stage (Lyot) filter is PM fiber cavity length dependent, as a 20 cm long cavity showed a 26.6 nm FSR while the 40 cm one exhibited a 14.8 nm FSR. Furthermore, we have theoretically and experimentally demonstrated all-fiber 2-stage and 3-stage Lyot-Ohman filters, giving more freedom in tailoring the transmission characteristics

Carbon nanotube mode-locked fiber lasers: recent progress and perspectives

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) possess remarkable nonlinear optical properties; a particular application is to function as a mode locker used in ultrafast fiber lasers to produce ultrashort optical pulses. Various types of CNT saturable absorbers (SAs) and ultrafast fiber lasers have been demonstrated. In this review, typical fabrication process and development of CNT SAs are discussed and we highlight the recent investigation and progress of state-of-the-art ultrafast fiber lasers covering GHz, bidirectional ultrafast fiber lasers, vectorial mode fiber lasers, comb systems, and mode-locking dynamics. Our perspectives of ultrafast fiber lasers based on CNT SAs are given finally

Polarization attractors in harmonic mode-locked fiber laser

We report on a polarimetry of harmonic mode-locked erbium-doped fiber laser with carbon nanotubes saturable absorber. We find new types of vector solitons with locked, switching and precessing states of polarization. The underlying physics presents interplay between birefringence of a laser cavity created by polarization controller along with light induced anisotropy caused by polarization hole burning

Neuromorphic visual artificial synapse in-memory computing systems based on GeOx-coated MXene nanosheets

Artificial synapses with light signal perception capability offer the ability to neuromorphic visual signal processing system on demand. In light of the excellent optical and electrical characteristics, the low-dimensional materials have become one of the most favorable candidates of the key component for optoelectronic artificial synapses. Previously, our group originally proposed the synthesis of germanium oxide-coated MXene nanosheets. In this work, we further applied this technology into the optoelectronic synaptic thin-film transistors for the first time. The devices exhibited the adjustable postsynaptic current behaviors under the visible light inputs. Moreover, the potentiation and depression operation modes of the devices further improved the application potential of the devices in mimicking biological synapses. Regulated by the wavelength of incident lights, the proposed artificial synapse could effectively help detect the target area of the image. Eventually, we further showed the results of the devices in the projects of neural network computing task. The long-term potentiation/depression characteristics of the conductance were applied to the synaptic weight matrix for image identification and path recognition tasks. By adding knowledge transfer in the process of recognition, the epoch required for convergence has been greatly reduced. The result of high noise tolerance revealed the great potential of the proposed transistors in establishing high-efficiency and robustness hardware neuromorphic systems for in-memory computing