Effect of augmented reality navigation technology on perioperative safety in partial nephrectomies: A meta-analysis and systematic review

AimTo evaluate the impact of augmented reality surgical navigation (ARSN) technology on short-term outcomes of partial nephrectomy (PN).MethodsA systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science for eligible studies published through March 28, 2022. Two researchers independently performed the article screening, data extraction and quality review. Data analysis was performed using Cochrane Review Manager software.ResultsA total of 583 patients from eight studies were included in the analysis, with 313 in the ARSN-assisted PN group (AR group) and 270 in the conventional PN group (NAR group). ARSN-assisted PN showed better outcomes than conventional surgery in terms of operative time, estimated blood loss, global ischemia rate, warm ischemia time, and enucleation rate. However, there were no significant differences in the rate of Conversion to radical nephrectomy (RN), postoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), positive margin rate, and postoperative complication rate.ConclusionThe utilization of ARSN can improve the perioperative safety of PN. Compared with conventional PN, ARSN-assisted PN can reduce intraoperative blood loss, shorten operative time, and improve renal ischemia. Although direct evidence is lacking, our results still suggest a potential advantage of ARSN in improving renal recovery after PN. However, as the ARSN system is still in an exploratory stage, its relevance in PN have been poorly reported. Additional high-quality randomized controlled trial (RCT) studies will be required to confirm the effect of ARSN on PN.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=301798, identifier PROSPERO ID: CRD42022301798

The Role of Reactive Iron in the Preservation of Terrestrial Organic Carbon in Estuarine Sediments

To better understand the role of reactive Fe (FeR) in the preservation of sedimentary OC (SOC) in estuarine sediments, we examined specific surface area (SSA), grain size composition, total OC (TOC), lignin phenols, FeR, FeR-associated OC (Fe-OC) and lignin phenols (Fe-lignin), and δ13C of FeR-associated OC (δ13 CFe-OC) in surface sediments of the Changjiang Estuary and adjacent shelf. An estimated 7.4 ± 3.5% of the OC was directly bound with FeR in the Changjiang Estuary and adjacent shelf. Unusually low TOC/SSA loadings and Fe-OC/Fe ratios in mobile-muds suggest that frequent physical reworking may reduce FeR binding with OC, with selective loss of marine OC. More depleted 13CFe-OC relative to 13C of TOC (13 Cbulk) in deltaic regions and mobile-muds showed that FeR was largely associated with terrestrial OC, derived from extensive riverine C and Fe inputs. A higher proportion of hematite in the mobile muds compared to the offshore samples indicated that Fe oxides are likely subjected to selective sorting and/or become mature during long-term sediment transport. When considering the percentage of Fe-OC to SOC and SOC burial rates in different marine environments (e.g., non deltaic shelf, anoxic basins, slope and deep sea), our findings suggest that about 15.6 ± 6.5% of SOC is directly bound to FeR on a global scale, which is lower than the previous estimation (~21.5%). This work further supports the notion of a “Rusty Sink” where, in this case FeR plays an important role in the preservation and potential transport of terrestrial OC in the marine environment

Improvement of muscle quality in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) with dietary faba bean (Vicia faba L.)

Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is a freshwater fish which is farmed worldwide. Improving the muscle quality of fish has become a major goal while maintaining a sustainable aquaculture system. This research attempts to assess the effect of 0% (FB0), 40%(FB40), 50%(FB50), 60%(FB60) and 70% (FB70) faba bean on the texture parameter, histological analysis, proximate, amino acids, and fatty acids composition in tilapia fed 90 days. The results showed that hardness, chewiness, and shear force of tilapia muscle fed FB60, and FB70 were considerably more in comparison to fish fed FB0 at 90 days (p < 0.05). Tilapia fed faba beans had higher muscle fiber density, wider spaces between muscle fibers and smaller fiber diameter, with the greatest difference in tilapia fed FB60. The total protein content in tilapia fed FB40 was considerably more in comparison to in fish fed FB70 (p < 0.05), where the total protein content in muscle first increased and then reduced with increasing dietary faba bean level. The muscle ∑TAA, ∑EAA, valine, tyrosine, cysteine, aspartic acid, methionine, isoleucine, glutamic acid, leucine, arginine, and serine, contents in tilapia fed FB60 were much more in contrast to in fish fed FB0 (p < 0.05), which initially increased and then reduced with increasing dietary faba bean level. The muscle ∑PUFA content in tilapia fed dietary faba beans was greater compared with fish fed FB0, whereas the ∑SFA contents in tilapia fed FB50 and FB60 were lower in contrast to in fish fed FB0. In summary, dietary faba beans can improve muscle texture, muscle fibers, amino acids content and fatty acids content in tilapia. The research’s results make a contribution to the improved knowledge of the association among muscle quality in tilapia and dietary faba beans

Inhibitory Effect of Baicalin and Baicalein on Ovarian Cancer Cells

Ovarian cancer is one of the primary causes of death for women all through the Western world. Baicalin and baicalein are naturally occurring flavonoids that are found in the roots and leaves of some Chinese medicinal plants and are thought to have antioxidant activity and possible anti-angiogenic, anti-cancer, anxiolytic, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective activities. Two kinds of ovarian cancer (OVCAR-3 and CP-70) cell lines and a normal ovarian cell line (IOSE-364) were selected to be investigated in the inhibitory effect of baicalin and baicalein on cancer cells. Largely, baicalin and baicalein inhibited ovarian cancer cell viability in both ovarian cancer cell lines with LD50 values in the range of 45–55 µM for baicalin and 25–40 µM for baicalein. On the other hand, both compounds had fewer inhibitory effects on normal ovarian cells viability with LD50 values of 177 µM for baicalin and 68 µM for baicalein. Baicalin decreased expression of VEGF (20 µM), cMyc (80 µM), and NFkB (20 µM); baicalein decreased expression of VEGF (10 µM), HIF-1α (20 µM), cMyc (20 µM), and NFkB (40 µM). Therefore baicalein is more effective in inhibiting cancer cell viability and expression of VEGF, HIF-1α, cMyc, and NFκB in both ovarian cancer cell lines. It seems that baicalein inhibited cancer cell viability through the inhibition of cancer promoting genes expression including VEGF, HIF-1α, cMyc, and NFκB. Overall, this study showed that baicalein and baicalin significantly inhibited the viability of ovarian cancer cells, while generally exerting less of an effect on normal cells. They have potential for chemoprevention and treatment of ovarian cancers

Solitary and Periodic Wave Solutions of Sasa–Satsuma Equation and Their Relationship with Hamilton Energy

In this paper, we study the exact solitary wave solutions and periodic wave solutions of the S-S equation and give the relationships between solutions and the Hamilton energy of their amplitudes. First, on the basis of the theory of dynamical system, we make qualitative analysis on the amplitudes of solutions. Then, by using undetermined hypothesis method, the first integral method, and the appropriate transformation, two bell-shaped solitary wave solutions and six exact periodic wave solutions are obtained. Furthermore, we discuss the evolutionary relationships between these solutions and find that the appearance of these solutions for the S-S equation is essentially determined by the value which the Hamilton energy takes. Finally, we give some diagrams which show the changing process from the periodic wave solutions to the solitary wave solutions when the Hamilton energy changes

Spatiotemporal variability of hydrocarbons in surface sediments from an intensively human-impacted Xiaoqing River-Laizhou Bay system in the eastern China: Occurrence, compositional profile and source apportionment

Hydrocarbons in coastal sediments record organic matter sources, and thus are widely used to elucidate both natural and anthropogenic inputs and for the estimation of pollution levels. Surface sediments were taken from Xiaoqing River and Laizhou Bay of eastern China in spring and summer of 2014, and were analyzed to determine the characteristics of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons. Various hydrocarbons were identified, including n-alkanes, monomethylated alkanes (MMAs), isoprenoid alkanes, linear alkylbenzenes (LABs), hopanes, steranes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). They were used to track both biogenic (terrestrial plant and microbial inputs) and anthropogenic inputs (petroleum and fossil fuel or biomass burning) in this ecosystem. The major part of hydrocarbons identified came from anthropogenic inputs including petroleum residues and synthetic detergents related hydrocarbons (16.2-90.3%), followed by higher plant (4.5-80.5%) and microbial inputs (0.8-57.5%). Interestingly, significant differences in hydrocarbon concentrations and distributions were observed between spring and summer. In particular, significant higher percentages of microbially derived hydrocarbons, but lower percentages of anthropogenic and vascular plant derived hydrocarbons were observed in summer than spring. Further principal component analyses suggested that the overall distribution of aliphatic hydrocarbons was mainly controlled by seasonality instead of spatiality. In contrast, the distribution of PAHs showed insignificant spatial and seasonal differences. Physical processes such as atmospheric transportation and further deposition, may be factors influencing the distribution of PAHs in the study area with widely biomass and fossil fuel burning. The decoupled distributions of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons warrant further study for a comprehensive understanding of long term sedimentary hydrocarbon sources and input dynamics with increasing human activities. Major finding: Seasonal difference in aliphatic hydrocarbon composition was observed in surface sediments of Laizhou Bay, which is mainly caused by stronger phytoplankton and microbial inputs in summer under the overall high pollution background. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Capacities of Young Citrus Fruits Cultivated in China

Fruits of six varieties of young citrus cultivated in China were collected for phytochemical composition analysis and antioxidant activity determination. The phenolic acids, synephrine, flavone, and flavanone were analyzed using HPLC, and the total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity were determined by Folin-Ciocalteu, Ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 2,2- 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and 2,2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) analysis. The results indicated that Ougan variety had the highest total phenolic content (125.18 GAE mg/g DW), followed by the Huyou variety (107.33 mg/g DW), while Wanshuwenzhoumigan variety had the lowest (35.91 mg/g DW). Ferulic acid was the most dominant soluble phenolic acid in the selected young citrus, followed by p-coumaric acid and p-hydroxybenzoic acid, whereas nobiletin and tangeretin were the most abundant flavones in the Ponkan, Ougan, and Wanshuwenzhoumigan varieties. Antioxidant capacity that measured by ABTS, FRAP, and DPPH showed similar trends and was positively correlated with the total phenolic and total flavonoid contents (p < 0.05). Considering the high content of phenolics in the young fruits of Ougan and Huyou variety, those two varieties might be potential resources for extracting phytochemicals for health promotion

A Coding Sequence-Embedded Principle Governs Translational Reading Frame Fidelity

Upon initiation at a start codon, the ribosome must maintain the correct reading frame for hundreds of codons in order to produce functional proteins. While some sequence elements are able to trigger programmed ribosomal frameshifting (PRF), very little is known about how the ribosome normally prevents spontaneous frameshift errors that can have dire consequences if uncorrected. Using high resolution ribosome profiling data sets, we discovered that the translating ribosome uses the 3′ end of 18S rRNA to scan the AUG-like codons after the decoding process. The postdecoding mRNA:rRNA interaction not only contributes to predominant translational pausing, but also provides a retrospective mechanism to safeguard the ribosome in the correct reading frame. Partially eliminating the AUG-like “sticky” codons in the reporter message leads to increased +1 frameshift errors. Remarkably, mutating the highly conserved CAU triplet of 18S rRNA globally changes the codon “stickiness”. Further supporting the role of “sticky” sequences in reading frame maintenance, the codon composition of open reading frames is highly optimized across eukaryotic genomes. These results suggest an important layer of information embedded within the protein-coding sequences that instructs the ribosome to ensure reading frame fidelity during translation