The Prolonged Path of Indigenization: A Study on German Protestant Missionary Ernst Faber’s Chinese Literary Works

Ernst Faber’s 34 years of literary missionary works reveal his commitment to refining his approach to indigenizing Christianity in China. Employing three linguistic and cultural adaptation strategies—translation and commentary of the Bible, examination and analysis of missionary practical outcomes in Western society, and the revision and reinterpretation of Chinese classics incorporating Christian insights—Faber adapted his methods gradually into China’s specific conditions, indicating a prolonged path of indigenization. Despite expressing appreciation for Chinese culture, a critical examination reveals the preservation of his cultural biases and an unwavering commitment to Christianity as a means of purifying and enriching the spirit of the Chinese people. Rooted in the political context of his time and confidence in European historical world missions, Faber’s indigenization strategy in his Chinese literary works represents an interplay of cultural adaptation and resistance.The article processing charge was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation)—491192747 and the Open Access Publication Fund of Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin.Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation)Open Access Publication Fund of Humboldt-Universität zu BerlinPeer Reviewe

Presentation of Czech declension in Czech and Chinese textbooks of Czech for beginners

(in English): The aim of the thesis is to compare selected Czech textbooks for beginners at the A1-A2 level in terms of the interpretation of the Czech declension, and in terms of their suitability for teaching Chinese students. To evaluate whether the curriculum is appropriately organized and explained with regard to the target group and whether sufficient attention is paid to problematic phenomena for Chinese speakers. Another goal of this thesis is to compare the difference between textbooks written by Czech and Chinese authors. In the theoretical part, we will first introduce related theoretical aspects. Following are introductions to the six selected textbooks. The practical part will be devoted to all cases and types of declination discussed in the textbooks, comparison of the order of case presentation in the examined textbooks and ways of interpreting the Czech declension in individual textbooks. In this part, there will also be an analysis of the questionnaire data, for example which case is the most difficult for beginners to learn. The last one will be a contrast summary of the textbooks and a summary of the questionnaire. Based on the analysis of the textbooks, a conclusion will be made which textbooks are suitable for the students. Based on the classification and evaluation of the...(česky): Cílem práce je porovnat vybrané učebnice češtiny pro začátečníky na úrovni A1-A2 z hlediska výkladu české deklinace, a to především z hlediska jejich vhodnosti pro výuku čínských studentů. Práce si také klade za cíl zhodnotit, zda je v nich učivo s ohledem na cílovou skupinu vhodně uspořádáno a vysvětleno a zda se věnuje dostatek pozornosti jevům problematickým pro čínské mluvčí. Dalším cílem práce je porovnat rozdíly mezi učebnicemi napsanými českými a čínskými autory. V teoretické části nejprve představíme související teorii a pak představíme vybrané učebnice. Praktická část bude věnována všem pádům a typům deklinace probíraným v učebnicích, srovnání pořadí prezentace pádů ve zkoumaných učebnicích a způsobům výkladu české deklinace v jednotlivých učebnicích. V téhle části bude taky provedena analýza zjištěných dat z dotazníku, například který pád je nejtěžší na naučení pro začátečníky. Závěrem bude kontrastní shrnutí učebnic a shrnutí výsledků dotazníku. Na základě analýzy učebnic bude učiněn závěr, které učebnice jsou pro začínající studenty vhodné. Na základě klasifikace a hodnocení shromážděného materiálu by plánovaná bakalářská práce měla přispět k podrobnému popisu, na co autoři obou zemí v učebnicích češtiny pro začátečníky kladou důraz, a na rozdíly v teoretickém výkladu deklinace.Institute of Czech StudiesÚstav bohemistických studiíFilozofická fakultaFaculty of Art

Effect of a combination of Tuina therapy and budesonide inhalation on asthma in children, and its influence on lung function and pro inflammatory f actors

Purpose: To determine the effect of a combination of Tuina therapy and budesonide inhalation on pediatric asthma, and its influence on lung function and levels of inflammatory factors. Methods: Eligible 100 asthmatic children admitted to Provincial Maternity and Child-care Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, from January 2019 to January 2021 were randomized either to a control group or study group (1:1). The patients in control group were treated with budesonide inhalation, while the study group was given Tuina therapy in combination with budesonide inhalation. Treatment effectiveness, levels of inflammatory factors, immune functions and number of infections were evaluated in the patients. Results: The study group exhibited higher effectiveness profile versus the control group (96 vs 82 %; p < 0.05). After treatment, decreases were observed in the frequency of asthmatic attacks and number of respiratory infections in the two groups, with lower results in the study group than in the control group (p < 0.05). There were marked decreases in the levels of IgG, TNF-α and IL-8 in both groups, with the study group showing higher reductions (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Combined treatment with Tuina and budesonide inhalation decreases the levels of inflammatory factors, regulates immune function, and improves lung function of asthmatic children. Further investigation in a larger population would be required to establish the mechanism and clinical value of this therapy

Convolutional Neural Network Learning Approaches for Driver Injury Severity Classification and Application in Single-Vehicle Crashes in RITI Communities

It is crucial to examine the characteristics and attributes of traffic crashes in Rural, Isolated, Tribal, or Indigenous (RITI) communities using statistical and data-driven methods. However, traditional crash data analysis faces challenges due to unobserved heterogeneities and temporal instability. To address these issues, a fusion convolutional neural network with random term (FCNN-R) model is developed for driver injury severity analysis. The proposed model consists of a set of sub-neural networks (sub-NNs) and a multi-layer convolutional neural network (CNN). Seven-year (2010-2016) single-vehicle crash data is applied. The proposed model outperformed other five typical approaches in the predictability comparison. In addition, unobserved heterogeneity, which has been recognized as a critical issue in crash frequency modelling, generates from multiple sources, including observable and unobservable factors, space and time instability, crash severities, etc. In this project, hierarchical Bayesian random parameters models with various spatiotemporal interactions are further developed to address as well. Selected for analysis are the yearly county-level alcohol/drug impaired-driving related crash counts data of three different injury severities including minor injury, major injury, and fatal injury in Idaho from 2010 to 2015. Significant temporal and spatial heterogenous effects are detected in all three crash severities. These empirical results support the incorporation of temporal and spatial heterogeneity in random parameters models

Informal traders lock horns with the formal milk industry: the role of research in pro-poor dairy policy shift in Kenya

A polarizable atomic multipole-based force field for the membrane bilayer models 1,2-dioleoyl-phosphocholine (DOPC) and 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-phosphatidylethanolamine (POPE) has been developed. The force field adopts the same framework as the Atomic Multipole Optimized Energetics for Biomolecular Applications (AMOEBA) model, in which the charge distribution of each atom is represented by the permanent atomic monopole, dipole and quadrupole moments. Many-body polarization including the inter- and intra-molecular polarization is modelled in a consistent manner with distributed atomic polarizabilities. The van der Waals parameters were first transferred from existing AMOEBA parameters for small organic molecules and then optimised by fitting to ab initio intermolecular interaction energies between models and a water molecule. Molecular dynamics simulations of the two aqueous DOPC and POPE membrane bilayer systems, consisting of 72 model molecules, were then carried out to validate the force field parameters. Membrane width, area per lipid, volume per lipid, deuterium order parameters, electron density profile, etc. were consistent with experimental values

Selectively fluorinated citronellol analogues support a hydrogen bonding donor interaction with the human OR1A1 olfactory receptor

Authors thank the Chinese Scholarship Council for funding a Studentship (No. 202008060063) at the University of St. Andrews, U.K.C-2 fluorinated and methylated stereoisomers of the fragrance citronellol 1 and its oxalate esters were prepared from (R)-pulegone 11 and explored as agonists of the human olfactory receptor OR1A1 and assayed also against site-specific mutants. There were clear isomer preferences and C-2 difluorination as in 18 led to the most active compound suggesting an important hydrogen bond donor role for citronellol 1. C-2 methylation and the corresponding oxalate ester analogues were less active.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Fraudulent User Detection Via Behavior Information Aggregation Network (BIAN) On Large-Scale Financial Social Network

Financial frauds cause billions of losses annually and yet it lacks efficient approaches in detecting frauds considering user profile and their behaviors simultaneously in social network . A social network forms a graph structure whilst Graph neural networks (GNN), a promising research domain in Deep Learning, can seamlessly process non-Euclidean graph data . In financial fraud detection, the modus operandi of criminals can be identified by analyzing user profile and their behaviors such as transaction, loaning etc. as well as their social connectivity. Currently, most GNNs are incapable of selecting important neighbors since the neighbors' edge attributes (i.e., behaviors) are ignored. In this paper, we propose a novel behavior information aggregation network (BIAN) to combine the user behaviors with other user features. Different from its close "relatives" such as Graph Attention Networks (GAT) and Graph Transformer Networks (GTN), it aggregates neighbors based on neighboring edge attribute distribution, namely, user behaviors in financial social network. The experimental results on a real-world large-scale financial social network dataset, DGraph, show that BIAN obtains the 10.2% gain in AUROC comparing with the State-Of-The-Art models.Comment: 6 pages, 1 figur

Digital Predistortion of 75-110GHzW-Band Frequency Multiplier for Fiber Wireless Short Range Access Systems

We present a W-band fiber-wireless transmission system based on a nonlinear frequency multiplier for high-speed wireless short range access applications. By implementing a baseband digital signal predistortion scheme, intensive nonlinear distortions induced in a sextuple frequency multiplier can be effectively pre-compensated. Without using costly W-band components, a transmission system with 26km fiber and 4m wireless transmission operating at 99.6GHz is experimentally validated. Adjacent-channel power ratio (ACPR) improvements for IQ-modulated vector signals are guaranteed and transmission performances for fiber and wireless channels are studied. This W-band predistortion technique is a promising candidate for applications in high capacity wireless-fiber access systems