ПОТЕНЦИОМЕТРИЧЕСКИЙ СЕНСОР ДЛЯ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ ИОНОВ ЦИНКА

One of the sensitive and inexpensive methods used for the analysis of water bodies is the ionometry, the development of which is associated with the introduction of new ion-selective electrodes into the practice of potentiometric analysis. An optimized composition of the membrane for the manufacturing of a zinc-selective electrode based on polyvinyl chloride modified with 2-mercaptobenzthiazole (MPVC) is proposed with the following ratio of ingredients (in wt. %): Polyvinyl chloride - 31.7; dioctyl sebacate - 66.3; potassium tetra-p-chlorophenylborate - 0.5; MPVH - 1.5. The working range of pH was established with a minimum potential drift, which was 1.5 - 3. The slope of the electrode function was calculated as 30.1 ± 0.3 mV. According to the dependence of the electrode potential for the selected composition of the membrane on the logarithm of the zinc ion concentration, it was found that the proposed model of the electrode operates in the concentration range of 1∙10-5 - 1∙10-1 mol / L, with a detection limit of 0.65 mg / l. The stabilization time of the potential within 1 mV was 15 - 20 s. The potentiometric coefficients of the selectivity of the zinc selective electrode with respect to various ions have been determined. The conditions for the determination of zinc using the obtained sensor in alloys and wastewater were proposed. The electrode with the membrane based on polyvinyl chloride modified with 2-mercaptobenzthiazole can be used as an alternative to the industrial electrode XC-Zn-001 for the determination of zinc ions in various objects. The obtained experimental data was close in accuracy to the results obtained by the atomic absorption methods, as well as the ionometry using the industrial electrode. In conclusion, the electrode with the membrane based on polyvinyl chloride modified with 2-mercaptobenzthiazole can be used as an alternative to XC-Zn-001.Key words: zinc selective electrode, modified polyvinyl chloride, ionometry, membrane, sensor DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/analitika.2021.25.3.002 POTENTIOMETRIC SENSOR FOR LEAD IONS DETERMINATION  S. D. Tataeva, *R.Z. Zeynalov, K.E. MagomedovDagestan State University, ul. Gadzhieva, d. 43-a, g. Mahachkala,Respublika Dagestan, Russian FederationОдним из чувствительных и недорогих методов, применяемых для анализа водных объектов, является ионометрия, развитие которой связано с внедрением новых ионселективных электродов в практику потенциометрического анализа. Предложен оптимизированный состав мембраны для изготовления цинк-селективного электрода на основе поливинилхлорида модифицированного 2–меркаптобензтиазолом (МПВХ), с соотношением ингредиентов (в % мас.): поливинилхлорид – 31.7; диоктилсебацинат – 66.3; тетра-п-хлорфенилборат калия – 0.5; МПВХ – 1.5. Установлен рабочий диапазон рН с минимальным дрейфом потенциала, который составил 1.5 - 3. Рассчитана крутизна электродной функции 30.1 ± 0.3 мВ. По зависимости потенциала электрода для выбранного состава мембраны от логарифма концентрации ионов цинка установлено, что предлагаемая модель электрода работает в диапазоне концентраций 1∙10-5 – 1∙10-1 моль/л, с пределом обнаружения 0.65 мг/л. Время стабилизации потенциала в пределах 1 мВ составило 15-20 с. Определены потенциометрические коэффициенты селективности цинк-селективного электрода по отношению к различных ионам. Предложены условия определения цинка с помощью полученного сенсора в сплавах и сточной воде. Данный электрод с мембраной на основе поливинилхлорида модифицированного 2–меркаптобензтиазолом можно использовать как альтернативный промышленному электроду ХС-Zn-001 для определения ионов цинка в различных объектах. Полученные экспериментальные данные близки по точности результатам, полученным методами атомно-абсорбции, а также ионометрии с применением промышленного электрода.  Таким образом, электрод с мембраной на основе поливинилхлорида модифицированного 2-меркаптобензтиазолом можно использовать как альтернативный ХС-Zn-001.Ключевые слова: цинк-селективный электрод, модифицированный полинилхлорид, ионометрия, мембрана, сенсорDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/analitika.2021.25.3.00

Potentiometric sensor for lead ions determination

Одним из чувствительных и недорогих методов, применяемых для анализа водных объектов, является ионометрия, развитие которой связано с внедрением новых ионселективных электродов в практику потенциометрического анализа. Предложен оптимизированный состав мембраны для изготовления цинк-селективного электрода на основе поливинилхлорида модифицированного 2-меркаптобензтиазолом (МПВХ), с соотношением ингредиентов (в % мас.): поливинилхлорид - 31.7; диоктилсебацинат - 66.3; тетра-п-хлорфенилборат калия - 0.5; МПВХ - 1.5. Установлен рабочий диапазон рН с минимальным дрейфом потенциала, который составил 1.5 - 3. Рассчитана крутизна электродной функции 30.1 ± 0.3 мВ. По зависимости потенциала электрода для выбранного состава мембраны от логарифма концентрации ионов цинка установлено, что предлагаемая модель электрода работает в диапазоне концентраций 1∙10-5 - 1∙10-1 моль/л, с пределом обнаружения 0.65 мг/л. Время стабилизации потенциала в пределах 1 мВ составило 15-20 с. Определены потенциометрические коэффициенты селективности цинк-селективного электрода по отношению к различных ионам. Предложены условия определения цинка с помощью полученного сенсора в сплавах и сточной воде. Данный электрод с мембраной на основе поливинилхлорида модифицированного 2-меркаптобензтиазолом можно использовать как альтернативный промышленному электроду ХС-Zn-001 для определения ионов цинка в различных объектах. Полученные экспериментальные данные близки по точности результатам, полученным методами атомно-абсорбции, а также ионометрии с применением промышленного электрода. Таким образом, электрод с мембраной на основе поливинилхлорида модифицированного 2-меркаптобензтиазолом можно использовать как альтернативный ХС-Zn-001.One of the sensitive and inexpensive methods used for the analysis of water bodies is the ionometry, the development of which is associated with the introduction of new ion-selective electrodes into the practice of potentiometric analysis. An optimized composition of the membrane for the manufacturing of a zinc-selective electrode based on polyvinyl chloride modified with 2-mercaptobenzthiazole (MPVC) is proposed with the following ratio of ingredients (in wt. %): Polyvinyl chloride - 31.7; dioctyl sebacate - 66.3; potassium tetra-p-chlorophenylborate - 0.5; MPVH - 1.5. The working range of pH was established with a minimum potential drift, which was 1.5 - 3. The slope of the electrode function was calculated as 30.1 ± 0.3 mV. According to the dependence of the electrode potential for the selected composition of the membrane on the logarithm of the zinc ion concentration, it was found that the proposed model of the electrode operates in the concentration range of 1∙10-5 - 1∙10-1 mol / L, with a detection limit of 0.65 mg / l. The stabilization time of the potential within 1 mV was 15 - 20 s. The potentiometric coefficients of the selectivity of the zinc selective electrode with respect to various ions have been determined. The conditions for the determination of zinc using the obtained sensor in alloys and wastewater were proposed. The electrode with the membrane based on polyvinyl chloride modified with 2-mercaptobenzthiazole can be used as an alternative to the industrial electrode XC-Zn-001 for the determination of zinc ions in various objects. The obtained experimental data was close in accuracy to the results obtained by the atomic absorption methods, as well as the ionometry using the industrial electrode. In conclusion, the electrode with the membrane based on polyvinyl chloride modified with 2-mercaptobenzthiazole can be used as an alternative to XC-Zn-001.Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке Государственного задания FZNZ-2020-0002.Current work was financially supported by State Assignment FZNZ-2020-0002

Do Su fficient Institutions Alter the Relationship between Natural Resources and Economic Growth?

The purpose of this paper is to test whether institutional governance and its performance is a main driving force to achieve a positive relationship between natural resources and economic growth in the long run. The main objective is to ascertain what kind of institutional governance would be needed to distribute natural resource wealth in such a way so as to achieve economic stability, and what specific policies are needed to avoid the curse in resource-rich developing countries. The research makes an attempt to interpret the role of institutional governance, as reflected by the indicators, in the context of resource-rich, post-Soviet countries. The main finding is that an abundance of natural resources does not guarantee economic growth, where sustainable economic growth can be guaranteed, only if the resource-rich country has good institutional governance

The bear in Eurasian plant names: Motivations and models

Ethnolinguistic studies are important for understanding an ethnic group's ideas on the world, expressed in its language. Comparing corresponding aspects of such knowledge might help clarify problems of origin for certain concepts and words, e.g. whether they form common heritage, have an independent origin, are borrowings, or calques. The current study was conducted on the material in Slavonic, Baltic, Germanic, Romance, Finno-Ugrian, Turkic and Albanian languages. The bear was chosen as being a large, dangerous animal, important in traditional culture, whose name is widely reflected in folk plant names. The phytonyms for comparison were mostly obtained from dictionaries and other publications, and supplemented with data from databases, the co-authors' field data, and archival sources (dialect and folklore materials). More than 1200 phytonym use records (combinations of a local name and a meaning) for 364 plant and fungal taxa were recorded to help find out the reasoning behind bear-nomination in various languages, as well as differences and similarities between the patterns among them. Among the most common taxa with bear-related phytonyms were Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng., Heracleum sphondylium L., Acanthus mollis L., and Allium ursinum L., with Latin loan translation contributing a high proportion of the phytonyms. Some plants have many and various bear-related phytonyms, while others have only one or two bear names. Features like form and/or surface generated the richest pool of names, while such features as colour seemed to provoke rather few associations with bears. The unevenness of bear phytonyms in the chosen languages was not related to the size of the language nor the present occurence of the Brown Bear in the region. However, this may, at least to certain extent, be related to the amount of the historical ethnolinguistic research done on the selected languages

THE IMPACT OF THE BASIC ASSETS EFFICIENCY ON THE OF CONSTRUCTION PRODUCTS COST PRICE

In article are considered problems of the analysis of the influence mode to usages and conditions of the building technology and facilities to mechanizations on prime cost produced building product. It is offered original scheme intercropping the factors, in accordance with influence of the working expenses of the facilities of the lab our on prime cost of the building product. The offered methods of the estimation physical wear-out level of the building technology and competitiveness of the active part of production assets of the building enterprise

EXPENSESES OF THE BUILDING ENTERPRISE AS ECONOMIC CATEGORY AND OBJECT OF MANAGEMENT

The notions «production costs» and «expenses» of building enterprise are elaborated. The designed methods warning regulations of the expenses of the building enterprise. The different approaches are considered to shaping the vector of the factors, characterizing expenses of the building enterprise and model of the expenses as object of management in the manner of «black box» that allows to organize their efficient regulation on deflection and indignation in sloppy economic ambience