Grimace scale assessment during Citrobacter rodentium inflammation and colitis development in laboratory mice

IntroductionBacterial infections and chronic intestinal inflammations triggered by genetic susceptibility, environment or an imbalance in the intestinal microbiome are usually long-lasting and painful diseases in which the development and maintenance of these various intestinal inflammations is not yet fully understood, research is still needed. This still requires the use of animal models and is subject to the refinement principle of the 3Rs, to minimize suffering or pain perceived by the animals. With regard to this, the present study aimed at the recognition of pain using the mouse grimace scale (MGS) during chronic intestinal colitis due to dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) treatment or after infection with Citrobacter rodentium.MethodsIn this study 56 animals were included which were divided into 2 experimental groups: 1. chronic intestinal inflammation (n = 9) and 2. acute intestinal inflammation (with (n = 23) and without (n = 24) C. rodentium infection). Before the induction of intestinal inflammation in one of the animal models, mice underwent an abdominal surgery and the live MGS from the cage side and a clinical score were assessed before (bsl) and after 2, 4, 6, 8, 24, and 48 hours.ResultsThe highest clinical score as well as the highest live MGS was detected 2 hours after surgery and almost no sign of pain or severity were detected after 24 and 48 hours. Eight weeks after abdominal surgery B6-Il4/Il10-/- mice were treated with DSS to trigger chronic intestinal colitis. During the acute phase as well as the chronic phase of the experiment, the live MGS and a clinical score were evaluated. The clinical score increased after DSS administration due to weight loss of the animals but no change of the live MGS was observed. In the second C57BL/6J mouse model, after infection with C. rodentium the clinical score increased but again, no increased score values in the live MGS was detectable.DiscussionIn conclusion, the live MGS detected post-operative pain, but indicated no pain during DSS-induced colitis or C. rodentium infection. In contrast, clinical scoring and here especially the weight loss revealed a decreased wellbeing due to surgery and intestinal inflammation

Postoperative Severity Assessment in Sheep

Introduction: Sheep are frequently used in translational surgical orthopedic studies. Naturally, a good pain management is mandatory for animal welfare, although it is also important with regard to data quality. However, methods for adequate severity assessment, especially considering pain, are rather rare regarding large animal models. Therefore, in the present study, accompanying a surgical pilot study, telemetry and the Sheep Grimace Scale (SGS) were used in addition to clinical scoring for severity assessment after surgical interventions in sheep. Methods: Telemetric devices were implanted in a first surgery subcutaneously into four German black-headed mutton ewes (4-5 years, 77-115 kg). After 3-4 weeks of recovery, sheep underwent tendon ablation of the left M. infraspinatus. Clinical scoring and video recordings for SGS analysis were performed after both surgeries, and the heart rate (HR) and general activity were monitored by telemetry. Results: Immediately after surgery, clinical score and HR were slightly increased, and activity was decreased in individual sheep after both surgeries. The SGS mildly elevated directly after transmitter implantation but increased to higher levels after tendon ablation immediately after surgery and on the following day. Conclusion: In summary, SGS- and telemetry-derived data were suitable to detect postoperative pain in sheep with the potential to improve individual pain recognition and postoperative management, which consequently contributes to refinement

Long-term unemployment in 2004-2018 in the context of expenditures on state employment policy - specifics of individual regions in the Czech Republic

Tato práce zkoumá vývoj celkové a dlouhodobé nezaměstnanosti v jednotlivých krajích ČR v období mezi roky 2004 a 2018. Nejdříve se zabývá vývojem těchto dvou ukazatelů a popisem stavu a vývoji jednotlivých krajů v průběhu období hospodářské krize. Následně práce zkoumá, zda je vývoj dlouhodobé nezaměstnanosti závislý na výdajích na státní politiku zaměstnanosti. Práce prokázala, že došlo k trvalému zvýšení dlouhodobé nezaměstnanosti vlivem ekonomické krize. Následný výzkum srovnával vývoje dlouhodobé nezaměstnanosti a výdajů na SPZ, kde ale nebyla prokázána žádná závislost. Ukazatele spolu však souvisí.This paper examines the development of total and long-term unemployment in individual regions of the Czech Republic between 2004 and 2018. First, it deals with the development of these two indicators and a description of the state and development of individual regions during the economic crisis. Subsequently, the work examines whether the development of long-term unemployment is dependent on expenditures on the state employment policy. The work has shown that there has been a steady increase in long-term unemployment due to the economic crisis. Subsequent research compared the development of long-term unemployment and expenditures on the state emloyment policy, where no dependence was established. However, the indicators are related

Použití metody B-ST pro diagnostiku desky s číslicovými obvody

Import 20/04/2006Prezenční výpůjčkaVŠB - Technická univerzita Ostrava. Fakulta elektrotechniky a informatiky. Katedra (454) elektronik

Development of consumption tax and alcohol consumption in the Czech Republic in the years 2000-2020 with regard to state budged revenues

Diplomová práce se věnuje spotřebním daním z alkoholu mezi roky 2000 a 2020 a jejich vlivem na cenu alkoholu, spotřebu alkoholu a následným inkasem do státního rozpočtu. Práce má za cíl ověřit hypotézu: „Zvýšení sazeb spotřebních daní z alkoholu nemá zásadní vliv na spotřebu alkoholu a zvýší příjmy do státního rozpočtu“. V teoretické části práce jsou charakterizovány základní pojmy, specifika spotřebních daní, jejich výběr a výpočet. Praktická část práce má za cíl prozkoumat výpočet daní na konkrétních číslech, skladbu ceny jednotlivých druhů alkoholu a vliv na následnou spotřebu. Práce využívá korelační analýzy ke zkoumání společných trendů výše zmíněných proměnných. Výsledky jsou dále zasazeny do kontextu elasticity poptávky po alkoholu např. ze zahraničních studií.The paper focuses on consumption taxes on alcohol between years 2000 and 2020 and their impact on the price of alcohol, alcohol consumption and financial income to the state budget. The paper aims to test the hypothesis: "Increasing the rates of excise duties on alcohol does not have a significant effect on alcohol consumption and will increase revenues to the state budget". The theoretical part of the paper characterizes the basic concepts, specifics of consumption taxes, their collection and calculation. The practical part of the paper aims to examine the calculation of taxes on specific figures, the composition of the price of different types of alcohol and the effect on the consumption. The paper uses correlation analysis to investigate common trends of the mentioned variables. The results are further set in the context of alcohol demand elasticities from foreign studies