Impact of apparent reactance injected by TCSR on distance relay in presence phase to earth fault

This research paper presents the impact study of apparent reactance injected by series Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) i.e. Thyristor Controlled Series Reactor (TCSR) on the measured impedance of a 400 kV single electrical transmission line in the presence of phase to earth fault with fault resistance. The study deals with an electrical transmission line of Eastern Algerian transmission networks at Group Sonelgaz (Algerian Company of Electrical) compensated by TCSR connected at midpoint of the transmission line. This compensator used to inject voltage and reactive power is controlled by TCSR. The simulations results investigate the three impacts of the apparent reactance injected by TCSR (XTCSR) on transmission line protected by distance relay protection. The impacts concern the active and reactive power, the line impedance (reactance and resistance), and the short circuit parameters (symmetrical currents, line currents, symmetrical voltages and line voltages as well as the measured impedance by relay (resistance and reactance) in the presence of earth fault These impacts are investigated in order to improve the performances of distance relay protection. More the impact of XTCSR by three TCSR for cases studies is presented

OPTIMAL LOCATION AND SIZING OF MULTIPLE DISTRIBUTED GENERATORS IN RADIAL DISTRIBUTION NETWORK USING METAHEURISTIC OPTIMIZATION ALGORITHMS

. The satisfaction of electricity customers and environmental constraints imposed have made the trend towards renewable energies more essential given its advantages such as reducing power losses and enhancing voltage profiles. This study addresses the optimal sizing and setting of Photovoltaic Distributed Generator (PVDG) connected to Radial Distribution Network (RDN) using various novel optimization algorithms. These algorithms are implemented to minimize the Multi-Objective Function (MOF), which devoted to optimize the Total Active Power Loss (TAPL), the Total Voltage Deviation (TVD), and the overcurrent protection relays (OCRs)’s Total Operation Time (TOT). The effectiveness of the proposed algorithms is validated on the test system standard IEEE 33-bus RDN. In this paper is presented a recent meta-heuristic optimization algorithm of the Slime Mould Algorithm (SMA), where the results reveal its effectiveness and robustness among all the applied optimization algorithms, in identifying the optimal allocation (locate and size) of the PVDG units into RDN for mitigating the power losses, enhance the RDN system's voltage profiles and improve the overcurrent protection system. Accordingly, the SMA approach can be a very favorable algorithm to cope with the optimal PVDG allocation problem

Fault Location Effect on Short-Circuit Calculations of a TCVR Compensated Line in Algeria

This research work investigated the effect of fault location on short-circuit calculations for a high voltage transmission line equipped with a novel FACTS device, namely Thyristor Controlled Voltage Regulator (TCVR). This main function of this device was to control the voltage and active power of the line. The paper considered a study case for a 220 kV transmission line, in the Algerian transmission power network, which was subjected to a phase to earth fault in the presence of a fixed fault resistance. The paper presented theoretical analysis of the short-circuit calculations which was confirmed by the illustrated simulation results. Simulation results showed the impact of the fault location on the symmetrical current and voltage components of the line, and transmission line phase currents and voltages; before using TCVR and in the presence of TCVR for both cases of positive and negative TCVR controlled voltage

Effects of Shunt FACTS Devices on MHO Distance Protection Setting in 400 kV Transmission Line

Abstract This paper presents a study on the performances of distance relays setting in 400 kV in Eastern Algerian transmission networks at Sonelgaz Group (Algerian Company of Electricity) compensated by shunt Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS). The facts are used for controlling transmission voltage, power flow, reactive power, and damping of power system oscillations in high power transfer levels. The direct impacts of SVC devices i.e. Thyristor Controlled Reactor (TCR) and the Thyristor Switched Capacitors (TSC) insertion, on the total impedance of a transmission line (Z AB ) protected by MHO distance relay are investigated. The modified setting zones protections (Z 1 , Z 2 and Z 3 ) have been calculated in order to improve the performances of distance relay protection and prevent circuit breaker nuisance tripping. The simulation results are performed in MATLAB software and show the direct impact of the thyristors firing angle (α) on the total impedance of the protected line

Non-dominated sorting gravitational search algorithm for multi-objective optimization of power transformer design

Transformers are crucial components in power systems. Due to market globalization, power transformer manufacturers are facing an increasingly competitive environment that mandates the adoption of design strategies yielding better performance at lower mass and losses. Multi-objective Optimization Problems (MOPs) consist of several competing and incommensurable objective functions. Recently, as a search optimization technique inspired by nature, evolutionary algorithms have been broadly applied to solve MOPs. In this paper, a power Transformer Design (TD) methodology using Non-dominated Sorting Gravitational Search Algorithm (NSGSA) is proposed. Results are obtained and presented for NSGSA approach. The obtained results for the study case are compared with those results obtained when using other multi objective optimization algorithms which are Novel Gamma Differential Evolution (NGDE) Algorithm, Chaotic Multi-Objective Algorithm (CMOA), and Multi- Objective Harmony Search (MOHS) algorithm. From the analysis of the obtained results, it has been concluded that NSGSA algorithm provides the most optimum solution and the best results in terms of normalized arithmetic mean value of two objective functions using NSGSA to the TD optimization

Optimal design of wind energy generation in electricity distribution network based on technical-economic parameters

In order to satisfy electricity customers and avoid some environmental constraints and problems, the transition to renewable energy sources has become increasingly important given their advantages and benefits, such as reducing pollution and improving the reliability of the targeted distribution system. In this paper, several state-of-the-art metaheuristic optimisation algorithms are used to investigate the optimal setting and sizing of wind turbines (WTs) when connected to the electricity distribution network (EDN). The selected algorithms were implemented to optimise and minimise a multi-objective function (MOF) considered as the sum of the techno-economic parameters of total active power loss (TAPL), total voltage deviation (TVD) and investment cost of the WTG (ICWTG) when the daily uncertainties and variations of the load-source powers are taken into account. The effectiveness of the selected algorithms was validated on the two standard test systems IEEE 33-bus and 69-bus. The simulation results in this paper showed the superiority of the Gorilla Troops Optimizer (GTO) algorithm compared to other new metaheuristic optimisation algorithms in terms of providing the best optimised results. Accordingly, the GTO algorithm showed excellent effectiveness and robustness in determining the optimal setting and sizing of the WTG units in EDN. Thus, the daily active power losses were reduced to 1,415 MWh for the first test system and 1,072 MWh for the second test system, while also improving the bus voltage profiles and favouring the investment costs of the installed WTG units, all with daily uncertainties in terms of load demand and WTG power variations