Zastosowanie funkcji produkcji w rachunku efektywności ekonomicznej gospodarstw chłopskich

The aim of this study is to examine the quantitative relations existing between the agricultural production and the level of factors, which determine that production. The fullfilment of this goal is brought about by determining the function of agricultural production. The statistical data which were worked upon in this paper come from private farms which are keeping — for the benefit of the Institute of Agricultural Economy — special accounts, The studies concentrate on material and data characteristic for agriculture in two regions: the mid-western and eastern ones, for the years of 1960/61—1962/63 — for the sake of eliminating the influence of climate and haphazard chance. As a production function the author used the extended and modified version of Cobb - Douglas. The mathematical form of function in this dissertation has a stochastical character, what in turn means, that besides independent variables a chance element has been introduced. After a preliminary examination of the many possible production factors which could be taken into consideration the author has selected the following: land, work, live stock, machines and tools, mineral fertilizers. The extended form of Cobb-Douglas function has already been used in research on agricultural production of individual farms. In the paper the author is introducing his own innovations concerning the argumentation and attempt of economical interpretation of negative values of some coefficients of elasticity, which explain the reaction of agricultural production to individual cost and is putting forward his own ideas of defining the average error in the estimate of a chance element. The equations of production, which have been established on a regional scale can be useful in initiating a rational agricultural policy and can serve as a basis for making proper financial allocations in agriculture.Digitalizacja i deponowanie archiwalnych zeszytów RPEiS sfinansowane przez MNiSW w ramach realizacji umowy nr 541/P-DUN/201

Adaptation of global hemostasis to therapeutic hypothermia in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: Thromboelastography study

Background: The use of mild therapeutic hypothermia (MTH) in patients after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) who are undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) can protect patients from thromboembolic complications. The aim of the study was to evaluate the adaptive mecha- nisms of the coagulation system in MTH-treated comatose OHCA survivors. Methods: Twenty one comatose OHCA survivors with acute coronary syndrome undergoing imme- diate pPCI were treated with MTH. Quantitative and qualitative analyses of physical clot properties were performed using thromboelastography (TEG). Two analysis time points were proposed: 1) during MTH with in vitro rewarming conditions (37°C) and 2) after restoration of normothermia (NT) under normal (37°C) and in vitro cooling conditions (32°C). Results: During MTH compared to NT, reaction time (R) was lengthened, clot kinetic parameter (a) was significantly reduced, but no effect on clot strength (MA) was observed. Finally, the coagulation index (CI) was significantly reduced with clot fibrinolysis attenuated during MTH. The clot lysis time (CLT) was shortened, and clot stability (LY60) was lower compared with those values during NT. In vitro cooling generally influenced clot kinetics and reduced clot stability after treatment. Conclusions: Thromboelastography is a useful method for evaluation of coagulation system dysfunc- tion in OHCA survivors undergoing MTH. Coagulation impairment in hypothermia was associated with a reduced rate of clot formation, increased weakness of clot strength, and disturbances of fibrinoly- sis. Blood sample analyses performed at 32°C during MTH, instead of the standard 37°C, seems to enhance the accuracy of the evaluation of coagulation impairment in hypothermia.

Adaptation of global hemostasis to therapeutic hypothermia in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest : thromboelastography study

Background: The use of mild therapeutic hypothermia (MTH) in patients after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) who are undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) can protect patients from thromboembolic complications. The aim of the study was to evaluate the adaptive mechanisms of the coagulation system in MTH-treated comatose OHCA survivors

Hemodynamic effects of larger volume intra-aortic balloon pump during high-risk percutaneous coronary interventions

Background: Percutaneous coronary intervention in high-risk patients (HRPCI) is associated with increased risk of complications. Mechanical circulatory support devices, including intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) may bridge patient safely throughout the procedure.Aim: We aimed to describe hemodynamic effects of larger (MEGA) compared to standard (STRD) volume IABP or no balloon control group (CTRL) during HRPCI.Methods: In this single-center, open-label randomized controlled trial HRPCI were randomly assigned to three groups according to planned hemodynamic support: MEGA, STDR and CTRL in a 1:1:1 scheme. Screening failure patients formed registry (REG). We analyzed data from pulmonary artery catheter especially cardiac output and cardiac power output (CPO) with Fick method and pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PCWP), as well as left ventricle systolic pressure (LVSP) with PIGTAIL catheter. We also calculated endocardial viability ratio (EVR) and analyzed pressure tracings from the IABP console. We compared baseline and on-support values. Final hemodynamic analysis was done on per-treatment basis, including REG patients.Results: A total of 47 patients were analyzed (16 MEGA, 10 STRD and 21 CTRL). Compared to CTRL we found significant increase from baseline to on-support value for cardiac output and CPO in the MEGA, but not in the STRD group. The change in EVR (increase) and in LVSP (decrease) was significant equally in MEGA and STRD vs. CTRL group, but PCWP did not change significantly for both balloons vs. CTRL. Diastolic augmented pressure with IABP was higher in MEGA than STRD and was positively correlated with systolic unloading.Conclusions: We observed more favorable hemodynamic effects of larger compared to standard volume balloon

Wybrane metody ciągłego monitorowania rzutu minutowego serca w pracowni hemodynamiki i na oddziale intensywnej opieki kardiologicznej

In this review we presented the most common methods of continuous cardiac output (CCO) monitoring, which may be used in patients submitted to high-risk percutaneous coronary interventions in cath-labs or in patients with acute heart failure or shock states in intensive cardiac care units. Briefly, classical Swan-Ganz pulmonary artery catheter (PAC) was described with some of the newest technical developments (such as automatic CO and continuous oximetry measurements, right ventricular diastolic volume and systolic function assessment), as well as less invasive methods such as pulse contour analysis and transpulmonary termodilution, which allow to calculate some useful parameters to monitor and guide treatment according to the principle of goal directed therapy. Finally, we presented minimally invasive doppler transesophageal technique and completely non-invasive method of transthoracic bioimpedance.In this review the most common methods of continuous cardiacoutput monitoring, which may be used in patients submitted tohigh-risk percutaneous coronary interventions in the cathlabsor in patients with acute heart failure or shock in intensivecardiac care units were shown. Briefly, classical Swan-Ganzpulmonary artery catheter was described with some of thenewest technical developments (such as automatic cardiacoutput and continuous oximetry measurement, right ventriculardiastolic volume and systolic function assessment), as wellas less invasive methods such as pulse contour analysis andtranspulmonary termodilution, which allow to calculate someuseful parameters to monitor and guide treatment according tothe principle of goal directed therapy. Finally, minimally invasivedoppler transesophageal technique and completely non-invasivemethod of transthoracic bioimpedance were presented

The problem of collineation of variables in econometrics

The article offers a critical discussion of the moist important Polish and foreign trends in research into the collineariti of variables. The diversity of approaches signifies that so far the theory of econometrics has not been able to work out a uniform way of acting in conditions of collineariti. It is equally impossible at a present stage to propose a single procedure of eliminating the collineariti as the best procedure. Thus the problem of collineariti remains unsolved. The author believes that collineariti is one of the causes of the emerging crisis in econometric research. He also indicates that the problem of collineariti is unsolvable on a formal plane. The only platform for considering collineariti is the substantial approach.Digitalizacja i deponowanie archiwalnych zeszytów RPEiS sfinansowane przez MNiSW w ramach realizacji umowy nr 541/P-DUN/201

Prediction Problems, in the Situation when Disturbances are Autocorrelated in the Linear Model

In the article the autor discusses prediction problems in the general linear model where disturbances are autocorrelated. Suppose we have sample data for periods 1 to n from the model y=Xß+u with E(u)=0 and E(uu')=V. Suppose further that we are given the row vector xn + 1 of values of the explanatory variables in period n+1. The problem now how to estimate yn+s when E(uu')=V=σ2 uΩ, where Ω is assumed to be known, symmetric, positivedefinite matrix. If the disturbances follows a first-order scheme ut=γ1ut-1+εt where |γ1|<1, then we can see that the best linear unbiased predictor is ŷn+1=xn+sb+(γ1)s·en where b is the generalized least-squares estimator and en is the last row of the vector e=y—Xb of generalized least-squares residuals. When the elements of Ω (that is, the value of γ1) were unknown formula pictured above should still be used for prediction purposes with b and γ1 replaced by estimates.Digitalizacja i deponowanie archiwalnych zeszytów RPEiS sfinansowane przez MNiSW w ramach realizacji umowy nr 541/P-DUN/201