Personality, Emotion and Judgment in Virtual Environments: A Theoretical Framework

As organizations become increasingly reliant on distributive technologies, the processes that underpin the effective functioning of employees in virtual environments require systematic examination. This article provides a theoretical framework for studying personality, emotion and judgment in virtual environments. The communication media characteristics, social context, and individual traits and states are presented to portray the dynamic nature of judgment formation in a virtual environment. We argue that media characteristics, combined with personality, motivation and emergent social contexts serve to shape emotions and resultant judgments. By integrating the Information Systems (IS) and Organizational Behavior/Psychology literatures, we chart a course for research examining personality, emotion and judgments, with implications for any distributed organization

Silicate-sulfide liquid immiscibility in modern arc basalt (Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka): Part I. Occurrence and compositions of sulfide melts

Silicate-sulfide liquid immiscibility plays a key role in the formation of magmatic sulfide ore deposits but incipient sulfide melts are rarely preserved in natural rocks. This study presents the distribution and compositions of olivine-hosted sulfide melt globules resulting from silicate-sulfide liquid immiscibility in primitive arc basalts. Abundant sulfide droplets entrapped in olivine from primitive basalts of the 1941 eruption and pre-historic eruptive cone “Mt. 1004” of the Tolbachik volcano, Kurile-Kamchatka arc. Inclusions range from submicron to 250 μm in size, coexist with sulfur-rich glass (≤ 1.1 wt% S), and, in some cases, with magmatic anhydrite. Saturation in sulfide occurred early in the evolution of a water- and sulfur-rich magma, moderately oxidized (QFM + 1 to +1.5), which crystallized high-Mg olivine (Fo₈₆ˍ₉₂), clinopyroxene and Cr-spinel. The process developed dense “clouds” of sulfide in relatively small volumes of magma, with highly variable abundances of chalcophile metals. The low degree of sulfide supersaturation promoted diffusive equilibration of the growing droplets with the melt in Ni and Cu, resulting in high concentrations (≈ 38 mol%) of CuS and NiS in the earliest sulfide liquids. The Tolbachik samples provide a glimpse into deep arc processes not seen elsewhere, and may show how arc magmas, despite their oxidized nature, saturate in sulfide.This study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation grant # 16-17-10145. This is CRPG contribution #253

Testing Trait-State Isomorphism in a New Domain: An Exploratory Manipulation of Openness to Experience

The trait-state isomorphism hypothesis holds that personality traits and states (i.e., trait-related behavior) are characterized by similar outcomes (Fleeson, 2001). Openness is associated with creative thinking, personal growth, and positive affect. Engaging in behavior associated with openness has also been found to covary with feelings of authenticity. In the present experiment, participants (N = 210) completed a pre-test assessment, five daily exercises designed to either be inert (control condition) or engage the behaviors and cognitions associated with openness (experimental condition), a post-test assessment, and a 2 week follow up assessment. Results supported the isomorphism hypothesis for positive affect but not creative thinking ability or personal growth. Furthermore, open behavior was only associated with authenticity for individuals high on trait openness

The NR-6: A new brief measure of nature relatedness

The construct of (dis)connection with nature or "nature relatedness" has become increasingly useful in the study of environmental behavior as well as psychological health and well-being. Strong nature relatedness is associated with greater happiness and ecologically sustainable behavior. A number of scales reliably assess individual differences in nature relatedness, but some circumstances may necessitate a brief measure. We developed a short-form version of the nature relatedness scale (NR-6), comprised of 6 items from the "self" and "experience" dimensions, and tested the new scale's predictive ability across multiple samples and with longitudinal data in students, community members, and business people. The new NR-6 scale demonstrated good internal consistency, temporal stability, and predicted happiness, environmental concern, and nature contact. This new brief measure of connectedness may have advantages where time and space are limited and the research context requires an assessment of connectedness elements rather than environmental attitudes

Flourishing in nature: A review of the benefits of connecting with nature and its application as a wellbeing intervention

From the increasing number of people living in urban areas to the continued degradation of the natural environment, many of us appear to be physically and psychologically disconnected from nature. We consider the theoretical explanations and present evidence for why this state of affairs might result in suboptimal levels of hedonic and eudaimonic wellbeing by reviewing the large body of research on the mental health benefits of connecting with nature. The advantages of contact with nature as a potential wellbeing intervention are discussed, and examples of how this research is being applied to reconnect individuals to nature and improve wellbeing are given. We conclude by considering the limitations of, and proposing future directions for, research in this area. Overall, evidence suggests that connecting with nature is one path to flourishing in life

Putting the “We” Into Well‐being: Using Collectivism‐Themed Measures of Well‐Being Attenuates Well‐being's Association With Individualism

Studies repeatedly have documented that societal well‐being is associated with individualism. Most of these studies, however, have conceptualized/measured well‐being as individual life satisfaction—a type of well‐being that originates in Western research traditions. Drawing from the latest research on interdependent happiness and on family well‐being, we posit that people across cultures pursue different types of well‐being, and test whether more collectivism‐themed types of well‐being that originate in Confucian traditions also are associated with individualism. Based on data collected from 2,036 participants across 12 countries, we find support for the association between individual life satisfaction and individualism at the societal level, but show that well‐being's association with individualism is attenuated when some collectivism‐themed measures of well‐being are considered. Our article advances knowledge on the flourishing of societies by suggesting that individualism may not always be strongly linked with societal well‐being. Implications for public policies are signaled

Peer Review Guidelines Promoting Replicability and Transparency in Psychological Science

More and more psychological researchers have come to appreciate the perils of common but poorly justified research practices, and are rethinking commonly held standards for evaluating research. As this methodological reform expresses itself in psychological research, peer reviewers of such work must also adapt their practices to remain relevant. Reviewers of journal submissions wield considerable power to promote methodological reform, contributing to the advancement of a more robust psychological literature. We describe concrete practices that reviewers can use to encourage transparency, intellectual humility, and more valid assessments of methods and statistics

Impulsivity-related cognition in alcohol dependence: is it moderated by DRD2/ANKK1 gene status and executive dysfunction?

Perceived impaired control over alcohol use is a key cognitive construct in alcohol dependence that has been related prospectively to treatment outcome and may mediate the risk for problem drinking conveyed by impulsivity in non-dependent drinkers. The aim of the current study was to investigate whether perceived impaired control may mediate the association between impulsivity-related measures (derived from the Short-form Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Revised) and alcohol-dependence severity in alcohol-dependent drinkers. Furthermore, the extent to which this hypothesized relationship was moderated by genetic risk (Taq1A polymorphism in the DRD2/ANKK1 gene cluster) and verbal fluency as an indicator of executive cognitive ability (Controlled Oral Word Association Test) was also examined. A sample of 143 alcohol-dependent inpatients provided an extensive clinical history of their alcohol use, gave 10 ml of blood for DNA analysis, and completed self-report measures relating to impulsivity, impaired control and severity of dependence. As hypothesized, perceived impaired control (partially) mediated the association between impulsivity-related measures and alcohol-dependence severity. This relationship was not moderated by the DRD2/ANICK1 polymorphism or verbal fluency. These results suggest that, in alcohol dependence, perceived impaired control is a cognitive mediator of impulsivity-related constructs that may be unaffected by DRD2/ANKK1 and neurocognitive processes underlying the retrieval of verbal information. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved