The Effect of Dentist’s Attire on Treatment Acceptance in Children

Objectives: While great advances have been made in the field of pediatric dentistry, creating a friendly relationship with pediatric patients and getting them to readily accept dental treatment and cooperate remains challenging. Cooperation by children can affect the quality of dental visit and the required time for the treatment. Dentists’ attire could be one of the factors that significantly affect children’s cooperation. The aim of this study was to assess children’s preferences towards dentists’ attire and to determine the influence of its design, color, and other factors on treatment acceptance.Methods: A total of 103 children aged between 6-12 years were randomly divided into three groups (68 children in two study groups and 35 children in one control group). The children were examined by the pediatric dentists wearing different attires. Two questionnaires were designed; one was supposed to be answered by the parents before the dental visit and one by the children after the visit.Results: The majority of children preferred the shirts that were adorned with Winnie the Pooh, while the treatment acceptance was not significantly different between the groups. Sex, age, number of family members, birth order, patient’s personality type, and parents’ educational level had no significant impact on treatment acceptance.Conclusion: Although the attire design did not significantly affect treatment acceptance, it helped to establish a good relationship with pediatric patients in their first visit. The results help pediatric dentists choose attire that are better received by pediatric patients

The Effect of Accelerated Aging on Germination Characteristics, Seed Reserve Utilization and Malondialdehyde Content of Two Wheat Cultivars

In this study experiment was conducted to evaluated the effect of accelerated aging on germination characteristics, seed reserve utilization and malondialdehyde of two wheat cultivars. The experiment was conducted in factorial with a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Results of variance analysis showed that, seed aging had significant effects on germination percentage, germination index, normal seedling percentage, mean time to germination, malondialdehyde content, seedling dry weight, weight of utilized (mobilized) seed reserve and electrical conductivity. The highest germination percentage, germination index, normal seedling percentage, seedling dry weight and weight of utilized (mobilized) seed reserve and the minimum mean time to germination, electrical conductivity and malondialdehyde content were attained from Verinak cultivar under control conditions (0 day aging). Results indicates that germination percentage, germination index, normal seedling percentage, seedling dry weight, and weight of utilized (mobilized) seed reserve decreased significantly as seed aging progressed. But, mean time to germination, electrical conductivity and malondialdehyde content increased significantly as seed aging progressed. Also, the decrease in seed reserve mobilization rate was the cause of decreased other traits

Cinnarizine versus Topiramate in Prophylaxis of Migraines among Children and Adolescents: A Randomized, Double-Blind Clinical Trial

How to Cite This Article: Ashrafi MR, Najafi Z, Shafiei M, Heidari K, Togha M. Cinnarizinev ersus Topiramate in Prophylaxis of Migraines among Children and Adolescents: A Randomized, Double-Blind Clinical Trial. Iran J Child Neurol. 2014 Autumn;8(4): 18-27. AbstractObjectiveMigraines, a common health problem in children and adolescents, still do not have an FDA approved preventive treatment for patients under the age of 18 years. This study compares and contrasts the efficacy and safety of cinnarizine and topiramate in preventing pediatric migraines.Materials & MethodsIn this randomized, double-blind clinical trial 44 migrainous (from 4–15 years of age) were equally allocated to receive cinnarizine or topiramate. The primary efficacy measure was monthly migraine frequency. Secondary efficacy measures were monthly migraine intensity and ≥ 50% responder rate. Efficacy measures were recorded at the baseline and at 4, 8, and 12 weeks of treatment.ResultsDuring the double-blind phase of the study, monthly migraine frequency and intensity were significantly decreased in both the cinnarizine and topiramate groups when compared to the baseline. However, at the end of the study, the cinnarizine group exhibits a significant decrease from the baseline in the mean monthly migraine intensity when compared to the topiramate group (4.7 vs. 3, respectively; 95% CI = -0.8 to -3.2).ConclusionNo significant difference between cinnarizine and topiramate was found for the prevention of pediatric migraines. Both treatments were well tolerated.ReferencesHershey AD, Winner PK. Pediatric Migraine: Recognition and Treatment. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 2005;105:2S-8.Lewis DW, Yonker M, Winner P, Sowell M. The treatment of pediatric migraine. Pediatric Annals. 2005;34:448-460.Abu-Arefeh I, Russell G. Prevalence of headache and migraine in schoolchildren. BMJ. 1994;309:765-769.Linet MS, Stewart WF, Celentano DD, Ziegler D, Sprecher M. An Epidemiologic Study of Headache among Adolescents and Young Adults. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association. 1989;261:2211-2216.Stewart WF, Linet MS, Celentano DD, Van Natta M, Ziegler D. Age- and sex-specific incidence rates of migraine with and without visual aura. Am J Epidemiol. 1991;134:1111-1120.Stewart WF, Lipton RB, Celentano DD, Reed ML. Prevalence of Migraine Headache in the United States. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association. 1992;267:64-69.Split W, Neuman W. Epidemiology of Migraine among Students from Randomly Selected Secondary Schools in Lodz. Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain. 1999;39:494-501.Hershey AD, Kabbouche MA, Powers SW. Treatment of pediatric and adolescent migraine. Pediatr Ann. 2010;39:416-423.Hershey AD, Powers SW, Vockell AL, LeCates S, Kabbouche MA, Maynard MK. PedMIDAS: development of a questionnaire to assess disability of migraines in children. Neurology. 2001;57:2034-2039.Lewis D, Ashwal S, Hershey A, Hirtz D, Yonker M, Silberstein S. Practice Parameter: Pharmacological treatment of migraine headache in children and adolescents. Neurology. 2004;63:2215-2224.Brandes JL, Saper JR, Diamond M, et al. Topiramate for Migraine Prevention. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association. 2004;291:965-973. Lakshmi CVS, Singhi P, Malhi P, Ray M. Topiramate in the Prophylaxis of Pediatric Migraine: A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial. Journal of Child Neurology. 2007;22:829-835.Lewis D, Winner P, Saper J, et al. Randomized, Double- Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Topiramate for Migraine Prevention in Pediatric Subjects 12 to 17 Years of Age. Pediatrics. 2009;123:924-934.Winner P, Pearlman EM, Linder SL, et al. Topiramate for Migraine Prevention in Children: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain. 2005;45:1304-1312.Winner P, Gendolla A, Stayer C, et al. Topiramate for Migraine Prevention in Adolescents: A Pooled Analysis of Efficacy and Safety. Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain. 2006;46:1503-1510.Campistol J, Campos J, Casas C, Herranz JL. Topiramate in the prophylactic treatment of migraine in children. Journal of Child Neurology. 2005;20:251-253.Hershey AD, Powers SW, Vockell A-LB, LeCates S, Kabbouche M. Effectiveness of Topiramate in the Prevention of Childhood Headaches. Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain. 2002;42:810-818.Unalp A, Uran N, Ozturk A. Comparison of the effectiveness of topiramate and sodium valproate in pediatric migraine. J Child Neurol. 2008;23:1377-1381. Younkin DP. Topiramate in the treatment of pediatric migraine. Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain. 2002;42:456.Rossi P, Fiermonte G, Pierelli F. Cinnarizine in migraine prophylaxis: efficacy, tolerability and predictive factors for therapeutic responsiveness. An open-label pilot trial. Funct Neurol. 2003;18:155-159.Togha M, Ashrafian H, Tajik P. Open-label trial of cinnarizine in migraine prophylaxis. Headache. 2006;46:498-502.Togha M, Rahmat Jirde M, Nilavari K, Ashrafian H, Razeghi S, Kohan L. Cinnarizine in refractory migraine prophylaxis: efficacy and tolerability. A comparison with sodium valproate. J Headache Pain. 2008;9:77-82.Headache Classification Committee of The International Headache Society. The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd edn. Cephalalgia. 2004;24(Suppl. 1):1–160.Tonekaboni SH, Ghazavi A, Fayyazi A, Khajeh A, Taghdiri MM, AbdollahGorji F, Azargashb E. Prophylaxis of Childhood Migraine: Topiramate Versus Propranolol. Iran J Child Neurol. 2013 Winter; 7 (1):9-14.Fallah R, AkhavanKarbasi S, Shajari A, Fromandi M. The Efficacy and Safety of Topiramate for Prophylaxis of Migraine in Children. Iran J Child Neurol. 2013 Autumn; 7(4):7-11.Ferraro D, Di Trapani G. Topiramate in the prevention of pediatric migraine: literature review. J Headache Pain. 2008;9:147-150

Investigation of mutation in cystatin‌ B gene in patients affected by idiopathic generalized epilepsy in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province

Background and aims: Cystatin B gene encodes a protein that inhibits proteolytic activity of cathepsin enzymes. Mutation in this gene has been stated as one of the causes of idiopathic generalized epilepsy. This study aimed at screening the cstB gene mutations in 35 patients affected by idiopathic generalized epilepsy in the Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. Methods: In this descriptive-lab study, the researchers examined mutations in exons 1 to 3 and uncovered the cstB gene promoter region in 35 patients with Idiopathic Generalized Epilepsy.Using standard phenol-chloroform procedure. The researchers extracted DNA and then they utilized PCR-SSCP analysis for screening mutations in this gene. Finally suspected cases were sequenced. Results: In one of the samples, point mutation c.48C> T was found which was unknown. Investigating the bioinformatic examinations on this sample, it can be concluded that this shift has been occurred in the cstB gene intronic region. Conclusion: The results obtained from the samples of this study reveales that there is a slight relationship between idiopathic generalized epilepsy and the cstB gene mutations

Assessing the level of Coronavirus Disease Anxiety and its related factors in third-trimester pregnant women referring to the health centers of Isfahan during the pandemic

Background: Pregnancy as a sensitive period of a woman's life can be affected by various psychological factors. Covid-19 pandemic is a new phenomenon; and there is limited information about its psychological consequences such as the Coronavirus disease anxiety in these women. So, the present study aimed to determine the level of Covid-19 anxiety in the third trimester of pregnancy and its related factors. Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, 215 pregnant women with 28-33 weeks of gestational age were studied. The samples were selected from the health centers and hospitals in Isfahan, Iran, by cluster sampling. A questionnaire of Demographic, fertility and Coronavirus-related factors as well as the Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (including psychological and physical components) were completed by the mothers in person. The data was analyzed by SPSS-24 software using One-way analysis of variance, independent t-test, Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney, Pearson and Spearman correlation tests. Result: The results showed that the mean score of Corona disease anxiety in pregnant women was 11.45±7.56. Anxiety was reported to be low in 62.8% of pregnant women, moderate in 32.6% and high in 4.6%. The mean score of the psychological component (8.40± 4.78) was higher than the score of the physical component (3.06± 3.59). Working women, women with client-related occupations, and those having a working husband had lower anxiety scores. Factors such as death of family members due to Coronavirus disease and higher gestational age were associated with a significant increase in Corona anxiety score. Conclusion: Considering that death of a family member due to Coronavirus disease and higher gestational age are associated with higher Coronavirus disease anxiety, the results of this study can be used to identify high-risk pregnant women and suggest early psychological interventions for preventing pregnancy anxiety complications

Women's Needs on Bed Rest during High-risk pregnancy and Postpartum Period: A Qualitative Study

Background & aim: pregnancy is a normal part of life, however, high-risk pregnancy that need bed rest can be stressful and affect woman and her family. Therefore, understanding the needs of women on bed rest seems to be necessary to enhance the quality of care services. The present study was conducted to investigate the women's needs on bed rest during high-risk pregnancy and postpartum period. Methods: This qualitative study was performed among women with high-risk pregnancy using purposeful sampling method. Data were collected by conducting 31 semi-structured interviews with 21 pregnant women, 10 spouses, and 7 medical staff involved in their healthcare. Data analysis was carried out using conventional content analysis developed by Hsieh and Shannon. Results: According to the results, there were four main categories of needs entailing the need for psychosocial support, support for family and personal affairs, support for looking after children, and the need for economic support. The final category was the need for comprehensive support. Conclusion: The personal and family life of pregnant women is affected during bed rest. Accordingly, comprehensive support is needed to enable women to cope with these problems. To reach this goal, the provision of family-centered support services based on coordination among health sections, supporting organizations, charities, social workers, and systems providing psychological and consultation services are recommended

The Predicting Validity of Electronic Logbook Software for Success Rate of the Residents in Promotion Exam, Mashhad School of Medicine, Iran

Background & Objective: According to the regulations for residents’ promotion exam, fifty percent of score (150 scores) is measured via internal academic evaluation; from which, thirty scores are measured using logbook software. Considering the importance of this method in the evaluation of residents, this research investigated the relationship between the residents’ educational and practical activities measured via logbook method and their success in promotion exam. Methods: In this descriptive-analytical research, the study population consisted of 730 residents who participated in the promotion exam. Using the stratified sampling method and according to Krejcie and Morgan table, 244 residents were selected. Then, the score of each divided educational activity (theoretical class, morning report, practical skills, infirmary, clinical rounds, journal club, and educational conference) was measured separately for each resident and its relationship with the promotion exam score was investigated. The data were analyzed using SPSS Software. Results: The correlation coefficients of the score of promotion exam and educational activities were calculated for theoretical class (r = 0.52; P = 0.049), morning report (r = -0.20; P = 0.719), practical skills (r = -0.28; P = 0.060), infirmary (r = -0.09; P = 0.144), clinical rounds (r = 0.04; P > 0.999), journal club (r = -0.047; P = 0.460), and educational conference (r = -0.19; P = 0.100). The used method only described 28 percent of the promotion exam scores. Conclusion: Only the theoretical class had significant relationship with residents’ success in promotion exam. It seems that either the promotion exam is not based on the educational activities or the educational activities are only theoretical and far of the clinical skills. Key Words: Logbook software, Promotion exam, Residen