Uzurpacja Zbigniewa i rola rytuałów w „Królewskich synach” Józefa Ignacego Kraszewskiego i „Kronice polskiej” Galla Anonima

In the article, the author compares “Deeds of the Princes of the Poles” by Gallus Anonymus and “Królewscy synowie” by Józef Ignacy Kraszewski by presenting the conflicts among the princes of the Piast dynasty and their rituals. The relation between Bolesław Krzywousty and Zbigniew is shown in both works from a perspective of four rituals, previously studied by Zbigniew Dalewski in his book “Ritual and Politics: Writing the History of a Dynastic Conflict in Medieval Poland”: oath, entry-reception, submission-reconciliation and penance. The author demonstrates that in Kronika these rituals are shown as the performance acts, regulating the political and social reality, whereas in “Królewscy synowie” they help to create personalities of the characters and are used as “medievalistic decoration”

Estimation of Cutoff Values of Cotinine in Urine and Saliva for Pregnant Women in Poland

Setting appropriate cutoff values and the use of a highly sensitive analytical method allow for correct classification of the smoking status. Urine-saliva pairs samples of pregnant women in the second and third trimester, and saliva only in the first trimester were collected. Offline SPE and LC-ESI-MS/MS method was developed in the broad concentration range (saliva 0.4–1000 ng/mL, urine 0.8–4000 ng/mL). The mean recoveries were 3.7±7.6% for urine and 99.1±2.6% for saliva. LOD for saliva was 0.12 ng/mL and for urine 0.05 ng/mL; LOQ was 0.4 ng/mL and 0.8 ng/mL, respectively. Intraday and interday precision equaled, respectively, 1.2% and 3.4% for urine, and 2.3% and 6.4% for saliva. There was a strong correlation between salivary cotinine and the uncorrected cotinine concentration in urine in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. The cutoff values were established for saliva 12.9 ng/mL and urine 42.3 ng/mL or 53.1 μg/g creatinine with the ROC curve analysis. The developed analytical method was successfully applied to quantify cotinine, and a significant correlation between the urinary and salivary cotinine levels was found. The presented cut-off values for salivary and urinary cotinine ensure a categorization of the smoking status among pregnant women that is more accurate than self-reporting

Comparative diagnostic value of the breath test and the urine test with ^{14}C-urea in the detection of the Helicobacter pylori infection

Among 92 patients with chronic gastritis we conducted a synchronous diagnosis of the Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection using a culture and a serological test (IFP), in conjunction with breath and urine tests involving 14C-urea (BTU-C14 and UTU-C14). The infection was confirmed by isolation in 71 persons (77.2%), the presence of specific IgG in the blood serum was found in 75 (81.5%). In comparison, the BTU-C14 indicated a group of 77 people (83.7%) as infected, and the UTU-C14 a group of 76 (82.6%). In order to determine the diagnostic value (sensitivity, specificity and efficiency) of the latter tests, the results were compared with those of the culture and of the serological tests. It was found that the BTU-C14 test used showed a 100% sensitivity, a 89.5% specificity and a 97.9% efficiency. The UTU-C14 test showed a 100.0% sensitivity, a 94.4% specificity and a 98.9% efficiency in the detection of the H. pylori infection

Does the IMRT technique allow improvement of treatment plans (e.g. lung sparing) for lung cancer patients with small lung volume: a planning study

AimWe evaluated whether intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) may offer any advantages in comparison with three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) for patients with small lung volume (SLV).MethodsTreatment planning was performed for 10 NSCLC patients with the smallest lung volume (mean: 2241 cc) among 200 patients from our database. For each patient 3D-CRT and IMRT plans were prepared. The goal was to deliver 66 Gy/33 fractions, with dose constraints: mean lung dose (MLD

Evaluation of the effectiveness of the Quadratus Lumborum Block type I using ropivacaine in postoperative analgesia after a cesarean section — a controlled clinical study

Objectives: Quadratus Lumborum Block in contrast to Transversus Abdominis Plane Block contains a unique component which not only stops somatic pain but also inhibits visceral pain by spreading the local anesthetic to the paravertebral space. This study was designed to determine whether performing the Quadratus Lumborum Block type I in patients un­dergoing cesarean section would be associated with both decreased morphine consumption and decreased pain levels in the postoperative 48-hour period. Material and methods: Sixty patients undergoing caesarean section under spinal anesthesia were randomly and equally assigned to one or other of two groups: QLB I (who received Bilateral Quadratus Lumborum Block type I with the use of 24 mL 0.375% ropivacaine per side) or a Control group. In both groups, on-demand morphine analgesia was administered postoperatively within the first 48 hours. The following were measured: the morphine consumption; the time elapsed from the C-section until the first dose of morphine; and the levels of pain intensity among patients in rest (numeral pain rating scale). Results: There were no statistically significant demographic data differences between the QLB I and Control groups. The following significant differences were observed in the 48-hour postoperative period: morphine consumption was higher in the Control group (p = 0.000); the time elapsed from the C-section until the first dose of morphine was longer in QLB I group (p < 0.05); and the median of the pain numeric rating scale was higher in the Control group (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Quadratus Lumborum Block type I significantly reduces morphine consumption and pain levels up to 48 hours postoperatively

Biodegradation of Chloroxylenol by Cunninghamella elegans IM 1785/21GP and Trametes versicolor IM 373: Insight into Ecotoxicity and Metabolic Pathways

Chloroxylenol (PCMX) is applied as a preservative and disinfectant in personal care products, currently recommended for use to inactivate the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Its intensive application leads to the release of PCMX into the environment, which can have a harmful impact on aquatic and soil biotas. The aim of this study was to assess the mechanism of chloroxylenol biodegradation by the fungal strains Cunninghamella elegans IM 1785/21GP and Trametes versicolor IM 373, and investigate the ecotoxicity of emerging by-products. The residues of PCMX and formed metabolites were analysed using GC-MS. The elimination of PCMX in the cultures of tested microorganisms was above 70%. Five fungal by-products were detected for the first time. Identified intermediates were performed by dechlorination, hydroxylation, and oxidation reactions catalysed by cytochrome P450 enzymes and laccase. A real-time quantitative PCR analysis confirmed an increase in CYP450 genes expression in C. elegans cells. In the case of T. versicolor, spectrophotometric measurement of the oxidation of 2,20-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) showed a significant rise in laccase activity during PCMX elimination. Furthermore, with the use of bioindicators from different ecosystems (Daphtoxkit F and Phytotoxkit), it was revealed that the biodegradation process of PCMX had a detoxifying nature

Padaczka w chorobach mitochondrialnych

Choroby mitochondrialne (MD, mitochondrial diseases) to jedne z najczęstszych chorób genetycznych. Pierwsze objawy MD mogą się pojawić zarówno w wieku wczesnodziecięcym, jak i podeszłym. Dotyczą one przede wszystkim tkanek i układów o wysokim zapotrzebowaniu energetycznym — mięśni szkieletowych i układu nerwowego. Do najczęstszych objawów neurologicznych należy między innymi padaczka, która może być jedynym objawem choroby mitochondrialnej lub jednym z wielu objawów. Częstość występowania padaczki mitochondrialnej zależy od rodzaju stwierdzanej mutacji i jest wyższa u dzieci i młodzieży niż u dorosłych. Podejmując się leczenia padaczki u chorego z MD, należy unikać stosowania leków o wysokim potencjale toksyczności dla mitochondriów, w szczególności preparatów kwasu walproinowego

Acute treatment with valproic acid and L-thyroxine ameliorates clinical signs of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and prevents brain pathology in DA rats

This work was supported by grants from the Swedish Research Council (MJ (K2008-66X-20776-01-4 and K2012-99X-20776-05-3)), OH (2011-3457) and GCB (K2011-80P-21816-01-4 and K2011-80X- 21817-01-4)), Harald and Greta Jeanssons Foundation (MJ), Swedish Association for Persons with Neurological Disabilities (MJ), ÅkeWibergs Foundation (MJ), Åke Löwnertz Foundation (MJ), Swedish Brain Foundation (MJ and GCB), David and Astrid Hagélen Foundation (GCB), Swedish Society for Medical Research (GCB), Swedish Society of Medicine (GCB), Socialstyrelsen (MJ), Karolinska Institutet funds (MJ and GCB), Marie Curie Integration Grant, Seventh Framework Programme, European Union (GCB, PCIG12-GA-2012-333713)), Neuropromise LSHM-CT-2005-018637 (MZA, HL) and Theme Center for Regenerative Medicine at Karolinska Institutet (OH)

Notes for genera: basal clades of Fungi (including Aphelidiomycota, Basidiobolomycota, Blastocladiomycota, Calcarisporiellomycota, Caulochytriomycota, Chytridiomycota, Entomophthoromycota, Glomeromycota, Kickxellomycota, Monoblepharomycota, Mortierellomycota, Mucoromycota, Neocallimastigomycota, Olpidiomycota, Rozellomycota and Zoopagomycota)

Compared to the higher fungi (Dikarya), taxonomic and evolutionary studies on the basal clades of fungi are fewer in number. Thus, the generic boundaries and higher ranks in the basal clades of fungi are poorly known. Recent DNA based taxonomic studies have provided reliable and accurate information. It is therefore necessary to compile all available information since basal clades genera lack updated checklists or outlines. Recently, Tedersoo et al. (MycoKeys 13:1--20, 2016) accepted Aphelidiomycota and Rozellomycota in Fungal clade. Thus, we regard both these phyla as members in Kingdom Fungi. We accept 16 phyla in basal clades viz. Aphelidiomycota, Basidiobolomycota, Blastocladiomycota, Calcarisporiellomycota, Caulochytriomycota, Chytridiomycota, Entomophthoromycota, Glomeromycota, Kickxellomycota, Monoblepharomycota, Mortierellomycota, Mucoromycota, Neocallimastigomycota, Olpidiomycota, Rozellomycota and Zoopagomycota. Thus, 611 genera in 153 families, 43 orders and 18 classes are provided with details of classification, synonyms, life modes, distribution, recent literature and genomic data. Moreover, Catenariaceae Couch is proposed to be conserved, Cladochytriales Mozl.-Standr. is emended and the family Nephridiophagaceae is introduced

The social bonds among blind people.

The concept of social bonds is found in all known fields and currents of sociology. Issues related to disability are as frequently discussed as social bonds. The subject of my interest is particularly a group of people with disabilities - namely, a group of blind people. Being blind undoubtedly affects the functioning in social reality. Problems and difficulties following from lack of vision in relations with other people as well as in everyday life, should be of interest to any researcher of social reality. My master's thesis combines the above-mentioned issues. I tried to find the answer concerning issues of social bonds and its sense of blind people. My goal was to capture the specific circumstances in which this social group occurs. My reflections are based on the literature, as well as empirical material gathered with its origin in studies conducted by me. I placed a following hypothesis: blind people prefere environment consisting of similar people therefore blind because only among them they feel fully accepted, which connects with sense of bonds within this group. This master's thesis consists of five chapters. First one brings closer the issue of social bond. When we speak of social bonds, we are dealing with a multiplicity of theories, therefore, for a better understanding of the issue in this part of the paper I brote closer the understanding of the term by different theorists. The second chapter is devoted to the concept of health and illness, the concept of disability, as well as issues related to the lack of vision. In this part are also approximated: the typology of visual defects, the importance of vision in human life and the specifics of the development of a blind person.The third chapter introduces the issue of identity and attitudes. In this section are approximate identity issues of people with disabilities and the blind as well as the factors affecting the attitudes of this social group. The fourth chapter is devoted to the methodology of my research. I described here: the purpose and object of research, research problem and hypothesis, method, technique and research tool. The fifth chapter is the analysis of empirical material gathered during research.Termin więzi społecznej pojawia się we wszystkich znanych kierunkach i nurtach socjologii. Równie często poruszane są zagadnienia związane z niepełnosprawnością. Przedmiotem mojego zainteresowania jest szczególnie jedna z grup ludzi niepełnosprawnych – mianowicie grupa niewidomych. Bycie niewidomym niewątpliwie wpływa na funkcjonowanie w rzeczywistości społecznej. Problemy i trudności będące konsekwencją braku wzroku w relacjach z innymi jednostkami jak i w życiu codziennym, powinny być przedmiotem zainteresowania każdego badacza rzeczywistości społecznej. Moja praca magisterska łączy wyżej wymienione kwestie. Starałam się bowiem znaleźć odpowiedź na pytanie dotyczące problematyki więzi społecznej i jej poczucia u osób niewidomych. Moim celem było uchwycenie specyfiki sytuacji życiowej, w jakiej znajduje się ta grupa społeczna. Rozważania moje oparte są o literaturę przedmiotu, jak również zgromadzony materiał empiryczny mający swoje źródło w przeprowadzonych przeze mnie badaniach. W pracy została postawiona następująca hipoteza: ludzie niewidomi, preferują środowisko osób podobnych sobie, a więc również niewidomych, gdyż tylko wśród takich osób czują się w pełni akceptowani, co łączy się z poczuciem więzi społecznej w obrębie tej grupy. Niniejsza praca składa się z pięciu rozdziałów.Pierwszy rozdział przybliża pojęcie więzi społecznej. Gdy mówimy o więzi społecznej, mamy do czynienia z wielością teorii, dlatego też dla lepszego zrozumienie tego zagadnienia w tej części pracy przybliżone zostało rozumienie tego terminu przez różnych teoretyków.Rozdział drugi poświęcony jest pojęciu zdrowia i choroby, pojęciu niepełnosprawności, jak również kwestiom związanym z brakiem wzroku. W części tej zostały także przybliżone: typologia defektów wzroku, znaczenie wzroku w życiu człowieka oraz specyfika rozwoju osoby niewidomej.Rozdział trzeci przybliża kwestię tożsamości i postaw. W tej części przybliżone są zagadnienia tożsamości osób niepełnosprawnych i niewidomych jak również czynniki wpływające na kształtowanie się postaw wobec tej grupy społecznej.Czwarty rozdział poświęcony został metodologii badań własnych. Opisany został tu: cel i przedmiot badań, problem i hipoteza badawcza, metoda, technika i narzędzie badawcze.Piąty rozdział stanowi natomiast analizę materiału empirycznego zebranego w toku badań