Heat transfer model verification for thermal monitoring system of integral bridges

Thermal actions considered on abutments of integral bridges by the European standard (Eurocode 1) might be in variety of certain situations underestimated. Based on this assumption, thermal monitoring system has been designed and installed into structure of bridge No. 27-117. Temperature profiles in five certain spots are being measured to provide sufficient basis for evaluation of real thermal actions on abutments of integral bridges. For purpose of measurement verification, elementary heat transfer models for finite element method solver were created. These models are being loaded by simplified temperature profiles reached in real time in-situ. Evaluated models provide verification data to compare with measured temperature profiles in structure and might provide information about temperature profiles probably reached during extreme weather situations

Solving of efficiency and reliability of machine tools using vibration diagnostics

Import 23/07/2015Disertační práce se zabývá spolehlivostí a efektivností obráběcích strojů s využitím vibrační diagnostiky. Jedná se o řešení, testování on-line vibrodiagnostického systému na vybraných obráběcích strojích. Na základě provedených testů je navržen automatizovaný vyhodnocovací systém, který je spojen s řídicím systémem obráběcího stroje. Tato kompaktní diagnostická jednotka zajišťuje kontinuální monitorování vibrací při obráběcím procesu a zároveň řeší diagnostiku ložisek vřetene. Hlavním cílem je vytvoření diagnostického systému dle požadavků provozovatele obráběcích strojů, který jednak monitoruje technický stav vřetene, ale také zajistí monitoring obráběcího procesu (např. otupení nástrojů, monitoring kolize nástroj - obrobek).Dissertation thesis deals with reliability and efficiency of machine tools using vibration diagnostics. It is a solution and testing of on-line vibration diagnostic system on the selected machine tools. Based on the performed tests, computerized evaluation system is designed. This system is connected to the control system of a machine tool. The compact diagnostic unit ensures continuous monitoring of vibrations during the machining process and in parallel solves the diagnosis of spindle bearings. The main objective is to create a diagnostic system according to customer requirements, which monitors technical condition of the spindle, but also ensures monitoring of machining process (e. g. tool wear, collision monitoring tool - work piece).Prezenční340 - Katedra výrobních strojů a konstruovánívyhově

Characterization of die drool sample produced by HDPE melt extrusion

In this work, flow induced molecular weight fractionation experiment was performed for HDPE polymer on specially designed laboratory extrusion setup. Die drool sample, accumulated at the die exit face, together with virgin pellets were consequently characterized experimentally by gel permeable chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry and rheology as well as theoretically by recently proposed generalized Newtonian model

Development of novel orifice die design for precise entrance pressure drop measurements

In this work, novel patent pending orifice die design for precise extensional viscosity data determination from entrance pressure drop measurements has been developed and tested both, theoretically (through Finite Element Analysis) and experimentally. It has been demonstrated that the proposed novel orifice die allows much more precise extensional viscosity measurements for polymer melts in comparison with conventionally used orifice dies

Flow-induced birefringence study of secondary flow in entrance region of rectangular slit channel for long-chain-branched polyethylene melt

This work presents an analysis of the inner boundary of the secondary flow (i.e., corner vortex flow) in the entrance region of a rectangular slit channel for long-chain-branched polyethylene melt evaluated using particle tracking and stress-induced birefringence measurements. Further, the flow-induced birefringence technique was used to investigate the effects of temperature and shear rate on the size of the secondary entry flow. Obtained results and trends were compared with the laser-Doppler velocimetry data taken from the open literature for the same polymer melt and comparable flow conditions. Interestingly, the results of both methods were very similar. This suggests that the stress-induced birefringence measurements may be a useful tool for investigating secondary entry flows of polymer melts.Grant Agency of the Czech RepublicGrant Agency of the Czech Republic [21-09174S

Responsive transformer: The bio-robotic adaptive architecture

The paper discusses a result of transdisciplinary cooperation of architectural practice and association Collaborative Collective (Collaborative Collective 2016; Collaborative Collective 2012) structural and mechanical engineering practice Experis DSKM (Experis DSKM 2016; Experis DSKM 2012) and ecologist association CooLAND (CooLAND 2016a; CooLAND 2016b) on competition entry project for an administrative centre of the Forests of the Czech Republic state company (Lesy České republiky 2012; Lesy České republiky 2016): the Responsive Transformer (see Figure 1). The core of the call was innovative use of wood, flexibility in development over time, energy efficiency, sustainability and environmental approach, taking in consideration adjacent forests and villa like area. Throughout the history, vernacular built environment was tested and modified according to abiotic as well as biotic, including socio-cultural, context over time, generating onion principle of different layers of climatic environments with different penetrations in relation to each other (Davidová 2016a; Davidová 2016b). The project is applying different peals exchanges through bio-morphing wooden screens responsive to weather conditions, coexistence with local, micro-climate modulating eco-systems as well as ground excavated climates. As in the past, such settings were constantly rebuilt for new needs in time, recent fast climate, society and technology changes call for equal response in natural and built environment adaptations. Inspired by the R&Sie(n)’s New Territories pioneering project in the field (Roche 2010; R&Sie(n) 2014), the project suggests options for its robotic architectural retransformations (Petrš 2016) towards fully adaptable design, combining both, biological and material responsiveness with physical computing for the parts, that are not transformable through biology in the current state of research for application in today practice

Responsive transformer: The bio-robotic adaptive architecture

The paper discusses a result of transdisciplinary cooperation of architectural practice and association Collaborative Collective (Collaborative Collective 2016; Collaborative Collective 2012) structural and mechanical engineering practice Experis DSKM (Experis DSKM 2016; Experis DSKM 2012) and ecologist association CooLAND (CooLAND 2016a; CooLAND 2016b) on competition entry project for an administrative centre of the Forests of the Czech Republic state company (Lesy České republiky 2012; Lesy České republiky 2016): the Responsive Transformer (see Figure 1). The core of the call was innovative use of wood, flexibility in development over time, energy efficiency, sustainability and environmental approach, taking in consideration adjacent forests and villa like area. Throughout the history, vernacular built environment was tested and modified according to abiotic as well as biotic, including socio-cultural, context over time, generating onion principle of different layers of climatic environments with different penetrations in relation to each other (Davidová 2016a; Davidová 2016b). The project is applying different peals exchanges through bio-morphing wooden screens responsive to weather conditions, coexistence with local, micro-climate modulating eco-systems as well as ground excavated climates. As in the past, such settings were constantly rebuilt for new needs in time, recent fast climate, society and technology changes call for equal response in natural and built environment adaptations. Inspired by the R&Sie(n)’s New Territories pioneering project in the field (Roche 2010; R&Sie(n) 2014), the project suggests options for its robotic architectural retransformations (Petrš 2016) towards fully adaptable design, combining both, biological and material responsiveness with physical computing for the parts, that are not transformable through biology in the current state of research for application in today practice

Role of Academic Biobanks in Public-Private Partnerships in the European Biobanking and BioMolecular Resources Research Infrastructure Community

Public-private partnerships (PPP) are an efficient means to advance scientific discoveries and boost the medical innovations needed to improve precision medicine. The increasing number and novel nature of such collaborations is keeping the biomedical field in a constant flux. Here we provide an update on PPP development involving academic biobanks in the BBMRI community (the European Biobanking and BioMolecular Resources Research Infrastructure) and report the views on PPP of 20 key players from this field. The interviewed academic representants broadly show interest for their institution to establish PPP and initiate or partner with BBMRI expert centers. The results indicate that PPP has gained foothold in this area of biomedical research, with great promise to facilitate access to samples and data and to improve data interoperability and reproducibility.Peer reviewe

Effect of dexamethasone in patients with ARDS and COVID-19 (REMED trial)—study protocol for a prospective, multi-centre, open-label, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial

BACKGROUND: Since December 2019, SARS-CoV-2 virus has infected millions of people worldwide. In patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in need of oxygen therapy or mechanical ventilation, dexamethasone 6 mg per day is currently recommended. However, the dose of 6 mg of dexamethasone is currently being reappraised and may miss important therapeutic potential or may prevent potential deleterious effects of higher doses of corticosteroids. METHODS: REMED is a prospective, open-label, randomised controlled trial testing the superiority of dexamethasone 20 mg (dexamethasone 20 mg on days 1-5, followed by dexamethasone 10 mg on days 6-10) vs 6 mg administered once daily intravenously for 10 days in adult patients with moderate or severe ARDS due to confirmed COVID-19. Three hundred participants will be enrolled and followed up for 360 days after randomization. Patients will be randomised in a 1:1 ratio into one of the two treatment arms. The following stratification factors will be applied: age, Charlson Comorbidity Index, CRP levels and trial centre. The primary endpoint is the number of ventilator-free days (VFDs) at 28 days after randomisation. The secondary endpoints are mortality from any cause at 60 days after randomisation; dynamics of the inflammatory marker, change in WHO Clinical Progression Scale at day 14; and adverse events related to corticosteroids and independence at 90 days after randomisation assessed by the Barthel Index. The long-term outcomes of this study are to assess long-term consequences on mortality and quality of life at 180 and 360 days. The study will be conducted in the intensive care units (ICUs) of ten university hospitals in the Czech Republic. DISCUSSION: We aim to compare two different doses of dexamethasone in patients with moderate to severe ARDS undergoing mechanical ventilation regarding efficacy and safety. TRIAL REGISTRATION: EudraCT No. 2020-005887-70. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04663555. Registered on December 11, 2020

Enhancing reuse of data and biological material in medical research : from FAIR to FAIR-Health

The known challenge of underutilization of data and biological material from biorepositories as potential resources formedical research has been the focus of discussion for over a decade. Recently developed guidelines for improved data availability and reusability—entitled FAIR Principles (Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability, and Reusability)—are likely to address only parts of the problem. In this article,we argue that biologicalmaterial and data should be viewed as a unified resource. This approach would facilitate access to complete provenance information, which is a prerequisite for reproducibility and meaningful integration of the data. A unified view also allows for optimization of long-term storage strategies, as demonstrated in the case of biobanks.Wepropose an extension of the FAIR Principles to include the following additional components: (1) quality aspects related to research reproducibility and meaningful reuse of the data, (2) incentives to stimulate effective enrichment of data sets and biological material collections and its reuse on all levels, and (3) privacy-respecting approaches for working with the human material and data. These FAIR-Health principles should then be applied to both the biological material and data. We also propose the development of common guidelines for cloud architectures, due to the unprecedented growth of volume and breadth of medical data generation, as well as the associated need to process the data efficiently.peer-reviewe