Some Biochemical Responses in Cigarette Addicts who Receive Royal Jelly Supplement

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in the levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartateaminotransferase, urea and creatine kinase in cigarette addicts of Royal Jelly supplementatio.Methods: Cigarette addict control group (n=10) and cigarette addict supplement group (n=10) were divided into twogroups. The supplementation group was given liquid royal jelly (n=10/1000 mg/day), which was at the same time everymorning for three weeks. In order to determine AST, ALT, urea and creatine kinase levels in both groups, blood sampleswere analyzed. SPSS 22.0 package program was used for statistical analysis. Paired Sample t-Test was used for the comparisonof the pre and post tests of the groups and Independent t-test was used for the comparison of the two groups.Results: In the analysis of AST, ALT and urea levels between the pre-test and post-test of the experimental group receivingroyal jelly supplementation and the control group, no statistical significance was found (p>0.05); creatine kinaselevel was found statistically significant in favor of posttest in experimental group (p<0.05).Conclusion: As a result of this study, royal jelly supplementation at a dose of 1000 mg/day for three weeks did not affectAST, ALT and urea levels in cigarette addicts; creatine kinase level positively

MATERIAL BALANCE OF THE TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESS IN THE NEW FOUNDRY OF NEW FERRONIKEL IN DRENAS 2017

Experimental and industrial research of the technological process during the year 2017, including planning, is presented in this paper. That research was conducted in the new Foundry of new Ferronickel in Drenas, which is&nbsp;in the village of Cikatove, Drenas, the Republic of Kosovo. According to initial calculations, an amount of ore which would enter the process was determined, however the anticipated amount was different from the one used during the process. The same applies to fuel. Difference between the planned and the actual amount of ore used during the year 2017 resulted from the percentage of Ni in the amount of ore used in the foundry, demand for an Fe-Ni ferroalloy etc. The technological process in the foundry serves the purpose of processing ore of iron-nickel with a high percentage of Ni in its composition. The material balance of the technological process in the new Foundry of new Ferronickel in Drenas, presented in this paper, is based on experimental and industrial data of the technological process acquired in the foundry. The material balance includes the technological process starting from calculation of the amount of ore and fuel, both making up the load for the rotary kiln. Additional contributors to the material balance are calculation of the amount of: fuel, which impacts the increase of temperature in rotary kilns, charge for the electric furnaces, metal and slags from the electric furnaces, metal and slags from the refining process (convertors) and mathematical calculation of the final product which is the ferroalloy of Fe-Ni. While preparing the material balance we have noticed greater acquisition of Ni than planned. The greater amount of Ni was produced by a smaller amount of ore than originally planned

2-Chloro-4-{(E)-[(4-chloro­phen­yl)imino]­meth­yl}phenol

In the title Schiff base compound, C13H9Cl2NO, the dihedral angle between the mean planes of the benzene rings is 10.20 (10)°. The crystal structure is stabilized by O—H⋯N hydrogen bonds and weak π–π stacking inter­actions [centroid–centroid distance = 3.757 (1) Å]

Effect of Fasting on Contrast Sensitivity in Healthy Males

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of fasting on contrast sensitivity (CS) in healthy male individuals during the month of Ramadan. Methods: This study included 45 healthy male individuals, aged between 20 and 40 years, working in the same environment. Functional acuity contrast testing (F.A.C.T) was performed using the Optec 6500 vision testing system. Measurements taken during a state of satiety one week before Ramadan were compared with those taken a minimum of 12 hours after the start of fasting in the first and fourth weeks of Ramadan. Results: Contrast sensitivity (CS) was increased at the spatial frequency of three cycles per degree (cpd) at the end of the first week of Ramadan in comparison to the CS measured before Ramadan (P = 0.03). The mean CS values were increased at the spatial frequencies of 3 and 12 cpd at the end of the last week of Ramadan in comparison to the mean values measured before Ramadan (P = 0.01 for both). Conclusion: Although we found statistically significant increases in CS at certain frequencies, we can conclude that Ramadan fasting has no negative effects on CS

THE EFFECT OF 4-WEEKLY LOW INTENSITY PHYSICAL ACTIVITY PROGRAM IN THYROID HORMONE LEVELS IN OBESE AND OVERWEIGHT CHILDREN

The aim of this study is to examine the effect of 4 weeks of low intensity physical activity program on thyroid hormone levels in obese and overweight boys. A total of 27 boys in the 12-14 age range; obese group 12 and overweight group 15 were divided into two groups. Children who participated in the study during the 4 weeks 3 days a week, games and sporting selected time period of 60 minutes a day walking program applied increasingly. TSH, T3 and T4 levels were determined in blood samples taken at rest 1 day before and one day after the 4 week training program. In the statistical analysis of the data obtained in the study, SPSS package program SPSS 22.0 statistical program (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois, ABD)  was used. Paired Samples T tests were used to analyze the difference between the Independent Samples T and the pre-test and post-test of the groups in the comparison of the binary groups. At the end of the study, body weight and T3 values of obese subjects (n = 12) and body weight, BMI and T3 values of overweight group were found to be significantly different between pre-test and post-test (p &lt;0.05). In the analysis of pre-test and post-test differences of measured characteristics of obese and overweight subjects, no significant difference was found (p&gt;0,05). As a result; of obese and overweight boys in the 12-14 age range in the 4-week low intensity physical activity program it can be said to cause changes in thyroid hormone levels.  Article visualizations

Adaptação e evidências de validade da Escala de Experiências de Microagressões LGBT no Trabalho para o Brasil

This research aimed to adapt and obtain validity evidence of the internal structure of the LGBT Microaggression Experiences at Work Scale (LGBT-MEWS) for the Brazilian context. The sample consisted of 226 professionals who identified themselves as LGBT, with a mean age of 28.5 years (SD = 7.19) who answered the LGBT-MEWS and a sociodemographic questionnaire. The LGBT-MEWS adaptation process followed the stages of translation, synthesis, evaluation by expert judges, evaluation by the target population, and back translation. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed to assess the plausibility of the three-dimensional structure (workplace values, heteronormative assumptions, and cisnormative culture). The Brazilian version presented adequate CVI, according to expert judges. The proposed three-dimensional structure presented an excellent fit to the data (χ2/df = 1.22; CFI = .994; TLI = .993; SRMR = .076; RMSEA = .031), and good reliability indices (Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability ≥ .84). The adapted version of the LGBT-MEWS presented satisfactory quality, making it the first instrument in the Brazilian context to investigate experiences of LGBT microaggressions at work.Esta investigación buscó adaptar y obtener evidencias de validez de la estructura interna de la Escala de Experiencias de Microagresiones LGBT en el Trabajo (EEM-LGBT) para el contexto brasileño. Participaron 226 profesionales que se identificaron como LGBT, con una edad media de 28.5 años (DE = 7.19), que respondieron el EEM-LGBT y un cuestionario sociodemográfico. El proceso de adaptación de EEM-LGBT siguió las etapas de traducción, síntesis, evaluación de expertos, evaluación de la audiencia objetivo y retrotraducción. Para evaluar la plausibilidad de la estructura tridimensional, se realizó un análisis factorial confirmatorio. La versión portuguesa presentó CVI adecuado, según los jueces expertos. La estructura tridimensional propuesta presentó un excelente ajuste a los datos (χ2/gl = 1.22; CFI = .994; TLI = .993; SRMR = .076; RMSEA = .031) y buenos índices de confiabilidad (alfa de Cronbach y confiabilidad compuesta ≥ .84). La versión adaptada del EEM-LGBT fue de calidad satisfactoria, lo que lo convierte en el primer instrumento en el contexto brasileño para investigar experiencias de microagresiones LGBT en el trabajo.Esta pesquisa buscou adaptar e obter evidências de validade de estrutura interna da Escala de Experiências de Microagressões LGBT no Trabalho (EEM-LGBT) para o contexto brasileiro. Participaram 226 profissionais que se identificaram como LGBT, com idade média de 28,5 anos (DP = 7,19) que responderam à EEM-LGBT e um questionário sociodemográfico. O processo de adaptação da EEM-LGBT seguiu as etapas de tradução, síntese, avaliação por experts, avaliação pelo público-alvo e tradução reversa. Para avaliar a plausibilidade da estrutura tridimensional (valores no local de trabalho, suposições heteronormativas e cultura cisnormativa) foi realizada análise fatorial confirmatória. A versão em português apresentou IVC adequado, segundo juízes experts. A estrutura tridimensional proposta apresentou um ótimo ajuste aos dados (χ2/gl = 1,22; CFI = 0,994; TLI = 0,993; SRMR = 0,076; RMSEA = 0,031) e bons índices de confiabilidade (alfa de Cronbach e confiabilidade composta ≥ 0,84). A versão adaptada da EEM-LGBT apresentou qualidade satisfatória, tornando-se o primeiro instrumento no contexto brasileiro destinado a investigar experiências de microagressões LGBT no trabalho

ACUTE EFFECT OF CIRCUIT AEROBIC AND TRADITIONAL AEROBIC TRAINING ON HAMSTRING FLEXIBILITY IN SEDENTARY WOMEN

The aim of this study is investigation of acute effect of circuit aerobic exercise and traditional aerobic exercise on hamstring muscle flexibility in sedentary women. Forty four sedentary women voluntarily participated in this study as subject. Subjects divided two groups as circuit aerobic training group (n=24), and traditional aerobic training group (n=20). For hamstring flexibility, modified sit and reach test was used. The test was applied three times as: before warm-up (T1), after immediately warm-up (T2), and after immediately exercise (T3). For warm-up intervention, 15 min mild running and static stretching were performed. Traditional aerobic exercise intervention consisted of 30 min moderate interval treadmill running. Circuit aerobic exercise intervention consisted of 30 min, 3x4 station (bench-step, jumping rope, cycling, treadmill running), and all station maintained to 3 min load with 2 min rest. Both training intervention performed at 65-75% HRmax that controlled with chest band. For statistical analysis, 2x3 mixed factor ANOVA and Bonferroni correction were used. Hamstring flexibility determined in the traditional aerobic exercise group as T1 by 13.90±4.22 cm, T2 by 19.90±4.55 cm, T3 by 29.45±6.54 cm; in the circuit aerobic exercise group as T1 by 21.20±6.89 cm, T2 by 24.08±6.67 cm, T3 by 25.62±6.67 cm. Differences between the three measurements of both groups were found statistically significant (p &lt; 0.05). There were significant differences between T3 and T1-T2; and between T2 and T1 in both groups (p &lt; 0.05). Differences in traditional aerobic exercise group were found more significant than circuit aerobic exercise group (p &lt; 0.05). In summary, it could be said that hamstring flexibility increased after aerobic exercise, and at this point, traditional aerobic exercise has one step ahead of circuit aerobic exercise.  Article visualizations

General Belongingness and Social Connectedness as Predictors of Group Cohesion in Adolescents' Participation in Team Sports

Background: The emotional bonds that develop between the coach-athlete and the athlete-athlete in team sports, such as loving each other, mutual trust, respect and appreciation, are effective in the success of the team. The individual's feeling of commitment to the team ensures that coaches and athletes maintain a good relationship. In order to increase the performance of the athlete, it is necessary to work together in a harmonious and motivated way. The aim of this study is to examine whether the group cohesion of adolescents who play team sports is related to social connectedness and general belonging variables and whether it is predicted by these variables.Methods: This research is a relational study aiming to reveal whether group cohesion is predicted by general belonging and social connectedness levels in adolescents participating in team sports. A total of 344 athletes, 115 (33.4%) girls and 229 (66.6%) boys, from sports clubs competing in football, basketball and volleyball branches in Istanbul in the 2020-2021season participated voluntarily. Social Connectedness Scale-Revised (SCS-R), General Belongingness Scale and Group Environment Questionnaire were used in the study. Multiple linear regression was used in data analysis.Results: When the results of the regression analysis are examined, it is seen that the general belonging and social connectedness variables are significant predictors of group cohesion in terms of their contribution to the variance. It is seen that the variables of general belonging and social connectedness explain 22% of the total variance. The variable that contributes the most to the model is the social connectedness variable.Conclusion: The increase in the level of general belonging and social connectedness in adolescent individuals participating in team sports increases the group cohesion of individual

Body Appreciation and Attitudes Towards Healthy Nutrition as a Predictor of Adolescent Athletes' Motivation to Participate in Physical Activity

Background: The opportunities and conveniences brought by the developing technology greatly reduce the workload of individuals. The restrictions occurring from the Covid pandemic also allow us to easily do all our work from home over the internet. However, this situation has caused a serious decrease in the physical activity rate of individuals. The decrease in physical activity increases the tendency for eating easily accessible and unhealthy foods, leading to a move away from healthy nutrition habits. Unhealthy nutrition, on the other hand, causes negative situations in our body, both physically and physiologically. The aim of this study is to examine whether the motivation of adolescent athletes to participate in physical activity is related to and predicted by the variables of body appreciation and attitude towards healthy nutrition.Methods: This research is a relational study aiming to determine whether body appreciation and attitude levels towards healthy nutrition predict the adolescents’ motivations for participating in physical activities. A total of 335 athletes, 104 (31%) girls and 231 (69%) boys, playing basketball in Istanbul and Mersin in 2021-2022, voluntarily participated in the study. They were between the ages of 12-17. Attitude Scale for Healthy nutrition, Body appreciation Scale and the Motivation Scale for Participation in Physical Activity were used for data collection. Stepwise multiple linear regression was used in data analysis.Results: It was revealed that the variables of body appreciation and attitude towards healthy nutrition have significant roles in predicting the motivation of adolescent athletes for participating in physical activities. The variable of Attitude for Healthy nutrition, included in the model in the first stage, explained 16% of the total variance. In the second stage, when the body appreciation variable was added to the model, the explained variance increased to 18%. The regression coefficients manifested that these two variables are positively correlated with motivation to participate in physical activities. Thus, the two-stage model predicted 18% of the total variance.Conclusion: Both physical characteristics and attitudes towards healthy nutrition are effective in the motivation of adolescent athletes to participate in physical activities