Financial constraints, risk sharing, and optimal monetary policy

I characterize optimal government policy in a sticky-price economy with different types of consumers and endogenous financial constraints in the banking and entrepreneurial sectors. The competitive equilibrium allocation is constrained inefficient due to a pecuniary externality implicit in the collateral constraint and other externalities arising from consumer type heterogeneity. These externalities can be corrected with appropriate fiscal instruments. Independently of the availability of such instruments, optimal monetary policy aims to achieve price stability in the long run and approximate price stability in the short run, as in the conventional New Keynesian environment. Compared to the competitive equilibrium, the constrained efficient allocation significantly improves between-agent risk sharing, approaching the unconstrained Pareto optimum and leading to sizable welfare gains. Such an allocation has lower leverage in the banking and entrepreneurial sectors and is less prone to the boom-bust financial crises and zero-lower-bound episodes observed occasionally in the decentralized economy

Calibration of <i>Herschel</i> SPIRE FTS observations at different spectral resolutions

The SPIRE Fourier Transform Spectrometer on-board the Herschel Space Observatory had two standard spectral resolution modes for science observations: high resolution (HR) and low resolution (LR), which could also be performed in sequence (H+LR). A comparison of the HR and LR resolution spectra taken in this sequential mode revealed a systematic discrepancy in the continuum level. Analysing the data at different stages during standard pipeline processing demonstrates that the telescope and instrument emission affect HR and H+LR observations in a systematically different way. The origin of this difference is found to lie in the variation of both the telescope and instrument response functions, while it is triggered by fast variation of the instrument temperatures. As it is not possible to trace the evolution of the response functions using housekeeping data from the instrument subsystems, the calibration cannot be corrected analytically. Therefore, an empirical correction for LR spectra has been developed, which removes the systematic noise introduced by the variation of the response functions

The effect of atomic electrons on nuclear fission

We calculate correction to the nuclear fission barrier produced by the atomic electrons. The result presented in analytical form is convenient to use in future nuclear calculations. The atomic electrons have a small stabilizing effect on nuclei, increasing lifetime in nuclear fission channel. This effect gives a new instrument to study the fission process.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figur

Laser-induced nonresonant nuclear excitation in muonic atoms

Coherent nuclear excitation in strongly laser-driven muonic atoms is calculated. The nuclear transition is caused by the time-dependent Coulomb field of the oscillating charge density of the bound muon. A closed-form analytical expression for electric multipole transitions is derived and applied to various isotopes; the excitation probabilities are in general very small. We compare the process with other nuclear excitation mechanisms through coupling with atomic shells and discuss the prospects to observe it in experiment.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figure

The Herschel/SPIRE Spectrometer Phase Correction Data Processing Tasks

Asymmetries in the recorded interferograms of Fourier Transform Spectrometers (FTS) can be caused by optical, electronic, and sampling effects. Left uncorrected, these asymmetries will result in a spectrum with both real and imaginary components and thus a non-zero phase. One or more phase correction steps are applied in FTS data processing pipelines to correct for these effects. In this paper we describe the causes of non-zero phase particular to the Herschel/SPIRE FTS and present the two phase correction processing steps employed. The evolution of the phase correction algorithms is also described

The Herschel/SPIRE Spectrometer Phase Correction Data Processing Tasks

Asymmetries in the recorded interferograms of Fourier Transform Spectrometers (FTS) can be caused by optical, electronic, and sampling effects. Left uncorrected, these asymmetries will result in a spectrum with both real and imaginary components and thus a non-zero phase. One or more phase correction steps are applied in FTS data processing pipelines to correct for these effects. In this paper we describe the causes of non-zero phase particular to the Herschel/SPIRE FTS and present the two phase correction processing steps employed. The evolution of the phase correction algorithms is also described

LEGEND-1000 Preconceptual Design Report

We propose the construction of LEGEND-1000, the ton-scale Large Enriched Germanium Experiment for Neutrinoless $\beta \beta$ Decay. This international experiment is designed to answer one of the highest priority questions in fundamental physics. It consists of 1000 kg of Ge detectors enriched to more than 90% in the $^{76}$Ge isotope operated in a liquid argon active shield at a deep underground laboratory. By combining the lowest background levels with the best energy resolution in the field, LEGEND-1000 will perform a quasi-background-free search and can make an unambiguous discovery of neutrinoless double-beta decay with just a handful of counts at the decay $Q$ value. The experiment is designed to probe this decay with a 99.7%-CL discovery sensitivity in the $^{76}$Ge half-life of $1.3\times10^{28}$ years, corresponding to an effective Majorana mass upper limit in the range of 9-21 meV, to cover the inverted-ordering neutrino mass scale with 10 yr of live time

STR Tecoil Oy:n käytettyjen voiteluöljyjen keräilyn kehityshanke

Työn toimeksiantajana toimi kotimainen yritys STR Tecoil Oy. Yritys valmistaa käytetyistä voiteluöljyistä uutta perusöljyä. Jätelain uudistuttua 19.7.2021 yrityksessä aloitettiin kehitysprojekti, jossa tavoitteena oli siirtyä sähköiseen siirtoasiakirjajärjestelmään sekä saada tehostettua keräilyn päivittäistä työskentelyä. Keräilytoimintaa halutiin tehostaa ja nopeuttaa hyödyntämällä uutta tilausjärjestelmää ja kuljetusliikkeille hankittavia ajoneuvopäätteitä. Kotimaan keräilyssä uuden tilausjärjestelmän toivottiin lisäksi helpottavan asiakaspalvelun manuaalisen työn määrää, tilauksen seurantaa ja muokkaamista, rahtikirjamerkintöjen tulkitsemista ja laskutussyklin nopeutumista. Työn teoreettinen osuus pohjautuu erilaisiin lakeihin ja säädöksiin, jotka koskevat mm. jäteasetuksia ja vaarallisten aineiden kuljetusta. Lähteitä on kerätty mm. Trafi:n, TUKES:in, Ympäristöministeriön ja Valtioneuvoston sivuilta. Työssä on lisäksi hyödynnetty erilaisia kotimaisia sekä kansainvälisiä kirjallisia lähteitä, jotka liittyvät mm. logistiikkaan, kestävään kehitykseen ja ympäristöasioihin. Työssä toteutettiin myös Webropol -kyselytutkimukset STR Tecoil Oy:n kotimaan keräilyn asiakaspalvelulle ja kuljetusliikkeiden edustajille, joiden pohjalta saatiin myös arvokasta tietoa projektin tuloksia ajatellen. Kehitysprojektin myötä STR Tecoil Oy sai käyttöönsä uudistetun tilausjärjestelmän, joka vastasi viranomaisten vaatimia uusia ominaisuuksia. Kuljetusliikkeet saivat ajoneuvopäätteet säiliöautoihin, joka myös mahdollistivat projektin onnistumisen suurelta osin. Projektin myötä asiakaspalvelun päivittäistä työskentelyä saatiin myös tehostettua

Scalable fabrication of large-area graphene and graphene nano-composite films for flexible electronics and sensors.

Graphene, a 2D allotrope of carbon, is a newly discovered material that possesses mechanical and electronic properties that are very appealing to multiple engineering applications. More than 9000 patents have been filed to date covering technologies that utilize graphene, yet only a small number of those are being realized in practice due to the high cost of graphene and limited developed processes associated with its fabrication and integration on any meaningful scale (synthesis, transfer, patterning, packaging, etc.,) The following dissertation presents several solutions to the existing problems in industrializing graphene. In particular, Chapter 1 of the dissertation is a general overview of the currently discovered methods (including the one developed by the author) of non-destructive transfer of large-area graphene from synthesis substrates onto the final application substrate. Chapter 2 is devoted to a detailed coverage of the process (MAE: Metal-Assisted Exfoliation [of graphene]) developed by the author that addresses the issue of industrial scale transfer of graphene. The described process can potentially significantly increase the yields of the industrial production of graphene while drastically reducing the environmental impact of such operation. It also offers the underlying principle for several specific applications described in Chapters 3 and 4. Specifically, Chapter 3 describes the use of MAE in conjunction with nanoskiving (use of an ultramicrotome) to generate the smallest possible separations between metallic nanowires using the thickness of graphene. Such gold/graphene/gold nanowire composites could be used in molecular electronics, nano-photonics, or as described in the chapter as SERS substrates for molecular detection. Chapter 4 is devoted to several best-in-class specific sensing applications developed by the author where graphene is a functional component as well as a synthetic substrate. The multi-modal sensors composed of graphene and noble metal nanoislands (NI) demonstrated outstanding piezo-resistive properties and allowed the detection of mechanical strains as low as 0.001% while having the dynamic range of at least 5 orders of magnitude. The chapter describes the use of these sensors in health monitoring, bio-sensing, and chemical sensing applications. Appendix A and B, in their turn, cover in detail the experimental procedures used in Chapters 3 and 4 respectively

Bacteriophage destruction by aerosols of dichloroisocyanuric acid and other germicides

Graduation date: 196