Infección quirúrgica y tiempos. Infección de la Herida Quirúrgica y Cirugía Mayor Ambulatoria

Como el título de la mesa indica, existe una intensa relación entre la cirugía y los tiempos pre, per y postoperatorios que debe sufrir el enfermo para poder practicarle una intervención, en el sentido de que cuanto más prolongados sean estos tiempos, mayor es el riesgo de infección de la herida quirúrgica (IHQ). Dicho de otra forma, cuanto menos tiempo permanezca el paciente en el centro hospitalario menor riesgo de complicaciones perioperatorias, entre ellas, reiteramos, la de sufrir una infección en la zona operada. Una de las formas de reducir estos tiempos es incluir al paciente en el, ya no tan nuevo, sistema organizativo de asistencia quirúrgica denominado Cirugía Mayor Ambulatoria (CMA) o Cirugía Sin Ingreso

Roflumilast N-oxide inhibits bronchial epithelial to mesenchymal transition induced by cigarette smoke in smokers with COPD

BACKGROUND: Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is under discussion as a potential mechanism of small airway remodelling in COPD. In bronchial epithelium of COPD and smokers markers of EMT were described. In vitro, EMT may be reproduced by exposing well-differentiated human bronchial epithelial cells (WD-HBEC) to cigarette smoke extract (CSE). EMT may be mitigated by an increase in cellular cAMP. OBJECTIVE: This study explored the effects of roflumilast N-oxide, a PDE4 inhibitor on CSE-induced EMT in WD-HBEC and in primary bronchial epithelial cells from smokers and COPD in vitro. METHODS: WD-HBEC from normal donors were stimulated with CSE (2.5%) for 72 h in presence of roflumilast N-oxide (2 nM or 1 μM) or vehicle. mRNA and protein of EMT markers αSMA, vimentin, collagen-1, E-cadherin, ZO-1, KRT5 as well as NOX4 were quantified by real-time quantitative PCR or protein array, respectively. Phosphorylated and total ERK1/2 and Smad3 were assessed by protein array. cAMP and TGFβ1 were measured by ELISA. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were determined by DCF fluorescence, after 30 min CSE (2.5%). Apoptosis was measured with Annexin V/PI labelling. In some experiments, EMT markers were determined in monolayers of bronchial epithelial cells from smokers, COPD versus controls. RESULTS: Roflumilast N-oxide protected from CSE-induced EMT in WD-HBEC. The PDE4 inhibitor reversed both the increase in mesenchymal and the loss in epithelial EMT markers. Roflumilast N-oxide restored the loss in cellular cAMP following CSE, reduced ROS, NOX4 expression, the increase in TGFβ1 release, phospho ERK1/2 and Smad3. The PDE4 inhibitor partly protected from the increment in apoptosis with CSE. Finally the PDE4 inhibitor decreased mesenchymal yet increased epithelial phenotype markers in HBEC of COPD and smokers. CONCLUSIONS: Roflumilast N-oxide may mitigate epithelial-mesenchymal transition in bronchial epithelial cells in vitro

EINA360 2019

Recull de treballs de fi de grau de Disseny, del màster oficial de Recerca en Art i Disseny, màster en Tipografia Avançada, postgrau en Fotografia i Disseny Editorial, postgrau en Il·lustració creativa i tècniques de comunicació visual i d'entrevistes i projectes d'alumni d'EINA.Recopilación de trabajos de fin de grado de Diseño, del máster oficial de Investigación en Arte y Diseño, máster en Tipografía Avanzada, postgrado en Fotografía y Diseño Editorial, postgrado en Ilustración Creativa y Técnicas de Comunicación Visual, y de entrevistas y proyectos de alumni de EINA