Rendimento e composição química de híbridos comerciais de milho antes e após limpeza dos grãos.

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Exposição de humanos à Salmonella spp a partir de alimentos para cães contendo carne crua – revisão sistemática

Feeding dogs raw meat diets is an increasingly popular trend, and when contaminated with Salmonella they may present a risk to the health of both animals and humans. The present investigation is a systematic review of literature to assess the frequency of raw meat diets for dogs contaminated with Salmonella and whether dogs consuming these diets can eliminate it in their faeces. A search was made using two databases: “Web of Knowledge” and “PubMed” in January 2015. Only studies related to raw food diets and consumption by dogs were included. Thirteen articles were selected after refining the search. In 11 studies microbiological analysis was conducted for Salmonella in diets containing raw meat, so that in four of these studies Salmonella in the faeces was also analysed. In the analysis of 679 raw meat diets 141 diets (20.76%) were contaminated with Salmonella, in which the serotype most commonly found was S. Typhimurium (24.60%). Of the studies that reported the number of dogs that eliminated Salmonella in faeces after consumption of diets containing raw meat, 141 faecal samples were analysed, of which 73 (51.77%) were contaminated with Salmonella and the serotype most commonly found was S. Newport (72.60%). The available data suggest that the owners who feed their animals with diets containing contaminated raw meat, either commercial or homemade, are exposed to risk of Salmonella contamination, either by the manipulation of food or by handling the dog’s stool.O emprego de dietas para cães contendo carne crua tem sido uma prática popular frequente. Estas, quando contaminadas por Salmonella, podem oferecer risco para a saúde dos animais e dos seres humanos. Este trabalho é uma revisão sistemática da literatura efetuada para avaliar a frequência de dietas para cães que continham carne crua contaminada por Salmonella, e se os cães que as consumiam eliminariam a bactéria em suas fezes. A pesquisa foi realizada em duas bases de dados, Web of Knowledge e PubMed, durante janeiro de 2015. Participaram da pesquisa trabalhos sobre dietas para cães contendo alimentos crus e seu consumo; treze artigos foram selecionados. Em 11 trabalhos foram conduzidas análises microbiológicas para Salmonella nas dietas contendo carne crua, sendo que em quatro desses estudos também foi analisada a presença da bactéria nas fezes dos animais. Em 679 dietas contendo carne crua, 141 delas (20,76%) estavam contaminadas, sendo o sorotipo mais encontrado foi Salmonnela Typhimurium (24,60% do total). Dos estudos que relataram a eliminação da bactéria após o consumo de dietas contendo carne crua, um total de 141 amostras fecais foram analisadas, das quais 73 (51,77%) estavam contaminadas, e o sorotipo mais encontrado foi Salmonella Newport (72,60% do total). Os resultados obtidos permitem afirmar que os proprietários dos cães alimentados por dietas (caseiras ou comerciais) a base de carne crua contaminada estão expostos ao risco de infecção por Salmonella tanto pela manipulação de alimentos como pelas fezes dos animais

Transcripts levels of enzymes involved in histone acetylation in bovine oocytes of different competences.

Proceedings of the 31st Annual Meeting of the Brazilian Embryo Technology Society (SBTE); Cabo de Santo Agostinho, PE, Brazil, August 17th to 19th, 2017. Abstract

Replacing wheat bran by corn gluten feed without steep water in complete dog food

Twenty-four adult Beagles were utilised to evaluate the partial replacement of wheat bran with corn gluten feed without steep water on digestibility and characteristics of faeces. The treatments were 0 (no substitution), 30, 60 or 90 g/kg of corn gluten without steep water. There was no effect (p > .05) on the digestibility coefficients (g/kg) of dry matter (0.771), organic matter (0.806), crude protein (0.813), ether extract (0.798), crude fibre (0.393), neutral detergent fibre (0.425), acid detergent fibre (0.286) and crude energy (0.812), whilst there was effect (p  .05) was found on the remaining faecal characteristics: excretion for 100 g of food (56.77 g), excretion (129.6 g/day and 49.0 g dry matter/day), score (3.90), dry matter excretion for 100 g of food (22.86 g), buffering capacity (BC) at pH 5 (57.81), ammonia nitrogen (1.46 g/kg of faecal dry matter) and water balance (333.25 mL/day), in vivo and in situ gas production (p > .05). Corn gluten feed without steep water can be utilised to replace up to 90 g/kg of wheat bran without causing negative effect on the digestibility and characteristics of faeces

ALTERAÇÕES ENDÓCRINAS EM REPRODUTORES SUÍNOS DE ALTO DESEMPENHO

Objetivando descrever o comportamento sexual e reprodutivo de machos suínos de alto desempenho, submeteram-se os animais a um protocolo de treinamento para colheita de sêmen, a fim de que fossem incorporados ao plantel de reprodutores do Setor de Suinocultura do Departamento de Zootecnia da UFLA. Submeteram-se os animais a medições de biometria testicular e pesagem para avaliações de desenvolvimento dos testículos e ganho de peso diário (GPD) durante a fase pré-púbere. Após o período de treinamento de colheita de sêmen, foram coletadas amostras de sangue para realização de análises hormonais de testosterona, estradiol, FSH e LH plasmáticos. Observaram-se diferenças nas concentrações de testosterona e estradiol, número médio de saltos diários sobre o manequim e tempo médio de ejaculação. O animal A apresentou um volume de 369,68 mL e 412,67 mL, para o testículo direito e esquerdo, respectivamente, em média oito saltos diários sobre o manequim durante o período de treinamento, e o tempo médio de ejaculação foi de 261 segundos. O animal B não realizou nenhum salto durante o treinamento e apresentou volume testicular direito de 359,76 mL e esquerdo de 315,10 mL. As dosagens hormonais para o animal A foram de 0,0153 ng/mL e 0,7015 ng/mL para testosterona e estradiol, respectivamente. O animal B apresentou concentração plasmática de testosterona de 0,0011 ng/mL e 0,0241 ng/mL de estradiol. As concentrações de FSH e LH foram semelhantes entre os animais, sendo 0,10 mU/mL e 0,10 U/L, respectivamente. Essas diferenças observadas possivelmente determinaram o comportamento sexual diferenciado dos machos durante o período de treinamento e colheita de sêmen. PALAVRAS-CHAVES: Comportamento sexual, hormônios, libido, varrão

The achievement of boar sperm in vitro capacitation is related to an increase of disrupted disulphide bonds and intracellular ROS levels

The aim of this work was to determine the relationship of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the disulphide bonds established between sperm proteins with the achievement of capacitation in boar spermatozoa. With this purpose, spermatozoa were incubated in a specifically designed in vitro capacitation medium (CM) in the presence or absence of reduced glutathione (GSH). Incubation of boar spermatozoa in CM for 4 h significantly (p < 0.05) increased free cysteine residues, which is a marker of disrupted disulphide bonds, and also intracellular ROS levels. The addition of GSH to the medium prevented most capacitation-like changes in sperm motility, membrane lipid disorder, mitochondrial membrane potential, intracellular calcium levels and localization of tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins (pTyr), but not in tyrosine phosphorylation of P32. These effects were accompanied by the inhibition of the ability of sperm cells to trigger the acrosome exocytosis in response to progesterone. When GSH was added together with progesterone after 4 h of incubation, acrosome exocytosis was not altered, but the subsequent decrease in intracellular calcium observed in controls cells was inhibited. Furthermore, co-incubation of oocytes with spermatozoa previously incubated in CM in the presence of GSH for 4 h significantly (p < 0.05) increased the number of spermatozoa attached to the oocyte surface but decreased normal fertilization rates. Our results suggest that boar sperm capacitation is related to an increase in disrupted disulphide bonds and intracellular ROS levels and that both events are related to the regulation of hyperactivated motility, intracellular calcium dynamics, sperm binding ability to the oocyte and achievement of proper nuclear decondensation upon oocyte penetration