Análises do sêmen de suínos em centrais de inseminação artificial e detecção de circovírus suíno tipo 2 (PCV2).

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Mumificaçao fetal em suínos associada à toxoplasmose.

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Kinematics of z≥6z\geq 6 galaxies from [CII] line emission

We study the kinematical properties of galaxies in the Epoch of Reionization via the [CII] 158$\mu$m line emission. The line profile provides information on the kinematics as well as structural properties such as the presence of a disk and satellites. To understand how these properties are encoded in the line profile, first we develop analytical models from which we identify disk inclination and gas turbulent motions as the key parameters affecting the line profile. To gain further insights, we use "Althaea", a highly-resolved ($30\, \rm pc$) simulated prototypical Lyman Break Galaxy, in the redshift range $z = 6-7$, when the galaxy is in a very active assembling phase. Based on morphology, we select three main dynamical stages: I) Merger , II) Spiral Disk, and III) Disturbed Disk. We identify spectral signatures of merger events, spiral arms, and extra-planar flows in I), II), and III), respectively. We derive a generalised dynamical mass vs. [CII]-line FWHM relation. If precise information on the galaxy inclination is (not) available, the returned mass estimate is accurate within a factor $2$ ($4$). A Tully-Fisher relation is found for the observed high-$z$ galaxies, i.e. $L_{\rm[CII]}\propto (FWHM)^{1.80\pm 0.35}$ for which we provide a simple, physically-based interpretation. Finally, we perform mock ALMA simulations to check the detectability of [CII]. When seen face-on, Althaea is always detected at $> 5\sigma$; in the edge-on case it remains undetected because the larger intrinsic FWHM pushes the line peak flux below detection limit. This suggests that some of the reported non-detections might be due to inclination effects.Comment: 14 pages, 12 figures, accepted for publication in MNRA

Influenza em suínos no Brasil: o problema e o que pode ser feito para manter a infecção controlada nas granjas afetadas.

Projeto/Plano de Ação: 03.07.05.019

Virulence factors in vancomycin-resistant and vancomycin- susceptible Enterococcus faecalis from Brazil

Enterococci are members of commensal flora of animals and insects, but are also important opportunistic pathogens. Our objective was to observe if there was any difference of virulence in several groups of E. faecalis, mainly between vancomycin-resistant E. faecalis (VREFS) of colonization and infection. VREFS and vancomycin-sensitive E. faecalis from Brazil were screened for the presence of virulence factor genes. Phenotypic assays were used to assess in vitro expression, to understand the pathogenic potential of these isolates and to determine whether a correlation exists between virulence and antibiotic resistance. Different virulence profiles were found suggesting that the disseminating clone may have generated several variations. However, our study showed that one constellation of traits appeared most commonly: gelatinase, aggregation substance and esp (GEA). These factors are important because they have been implicated in cell aggregation and biofilm formation. Biofilm formation may promote the conjugation of plasmids harboring resistance and virulence genes, enhancing the probability of entry of new resistance genes into species. Curiously, the profile GEA was not exclusive to VREFS, it was the second most observed in VSEFS isolates from colonization and infection in hospitalized patients and also from rectal swabs of healthy volunteers. Such strains appear to represent the entry gateway to new resistance genes into E. faecalis and may contribute to the spreading of E. faecalis mainly in hospitals

Investigation of pseudorabies vírus infection in Brazilian feral swine populations.

Projeto/Plano de Ação: 02.11.01.006

Prevalence and risk factors for skin lesions on legs of dairy cattle housed in freestalls in Norway

Appropriate indoor housing facilities for dairy cattle promote improved animal welfare. Skin alterations are an indicator of dysfunctional housing. The purpose was to determine the relationship between different housing design and skin lesions, hence providing farmers more insight into how to reduce the occurrence of lesions. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 2,335 animals in 232 Norwegian freestall-housed dairy cattle from September 2006 to June 2007. A model was established to investigate risk factors related to the presence of lesions including hair loss, swelling, and wounds on the legs of dairy cattle. Separate models were developed to investigate risk factors related to the presence of knee and hock lesions. Previously described risk factors were included in the models, together with a questionnaire addressing the attitude of the farmer toward the animals. Mean (± SD) prevalence for hock lesions was 60.5 ± 21.2% with a median value of 64%. The prevalence for knee lesions was 35.3 ± 25.7% with a median of 30%. Cows in herds with a soft freestall base had an odds ratio (OR) for knee and hock lesions of 0.22 (0.06 to 0.73) and 0.62 (0.48 to 0.80), respectively, compared with those in herds with a harder freestall base, such as concrete and compact rubber mats. There was an increased risk of hock lesions when the length in the lying area in a double-row freestall was \u3e250 cm (OR = 2.96; 1.02 to 8.60) compared with ≤250 cm, and when the length of the lying area against a wall was \u3e260 cm (OR = 2.11; 1.53 to 2.90) compared with ≤260 cm. The risk for knee lesions increased if a row against a wall was \u3e270 cm (OR = 1.72; 1.09 to 2.72) compared with ≤270 cm. Hock lesions were associated with lame cows (OR = 5.76; 1.14 to 29.18) versus nonlame cows, and with cows in their second or higher parity (OR = 1.27; 1.06 to 1.52) versus cows in their first parity. Knee lesions were associated with farmers’ negative attitudes toward animals in pain (OR = 3.28; 1.79 to 6.03) versus those with positive attitudes; cows in the beginning of their lactation (OR = 1.84; 1.24 to 2.74) versus those at the end of their lactation; and tall animals (OR = 1.27; 1.00 to 1.61) versus shorter animals. These results show that freestall design is important with respect to skin lesions as are the characteristics of individual animals and the farmer

Levantamento soroepidemiológico para coronavírus respiratório e da gastroenterite transmissível e dos vírus de influenza H3N2 e H1N1 em rebanhos suínos no Brasil.

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