Experimental muscle hyperalgesia modulates sensorimotor cortical excitability, which is partially altered by unaccustomed exercise

Impaired corticomotor function is reported in patients with lateral epicondylalgia, but the causal link to pain or musculotendinous overloading is unclear. In this study, sensorimotor cortical changes were investigated using a model of persistent pain combined with an overloading condition. In 24 healthy subjects, the effect of nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced pain, combined with delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS), was examined on pain perception, pressure pain sensitivity, maximal force, and sensorimotor cortical excitability. Two groups (NGF alone and NGF + DOMS) received injections of NGF into the extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB) muscle at day 0, day 2, and day 4. At day 4, the NGF + DOMS group undertook wrist eccentric exercise to induce DOMS in the ECRB muscle. Muscle soreness scores, pressure pain thresholds over the ECRB muscle, maximal grip force, transcranial magnetic stimulation mapping of the cortical ECRB muscle representation, and somatosensory-evoked potentials from radial nerve stimulation were recorded at day 0, day 4, and day 6. Compared with day 0, day 4 showed in both groups: (1) increased muscle soreness (P < 0.01); (2) reduced pressure pain thresholds (P < 0.01); (3) increased motor map volume (P < 0.01); and (4) decreased frontal N30 somatosensory-evoked potential. At day 6, compared with day 4, only the DOMS + NGF group showed: (1) increased muscle soreness score (P < 0.01); (2) decreased grip force (P < 0.01); and (3) decreased motor map volume (P < 0.05). The NGF group did not show any difference on the remaining outcomes from day 4 to day 6. These data suggest that sustained muscle pain modulates sensorimotor cortical excitability and that exercise-induced DOMS alters pain-related corticomotor adaptation

Correction to: International survey on the implementation of the European and American guidelines on disorders of consciousness (Journal of Neurology, (2024), 271, 1, (395-407), 10.1007/s00415-023-11956-z)

peer reviewedIn the original version of this article, the affiliation detail for author Anna Estraneo was incorrectly given as IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, Florence and Sant’Angelo dei Lombardi, AV, Italy but should have been: IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, Florence, Italy

Slowing in peak-alpha frequency recorded after experimentally-induced muscle pain is not significantly different between high and low pain-sensitive subjects

Peak alpha frequency (PAF) reduces during cutaneous pain, but no studies have investigated PAF during movement-related muscle pain. Whether high-pain sensitive (HPS) individuals exhibit a more pronounced PAF response to pain than low-pain sensitive (LPS) individuals is unclear. As a pain model, twenty-four participants received nerve growth factor injections into a wrist extensor muscle at Day0, Day2, and Day4. At Day4, a subgroup of twelve participants also undertook eccentric wrist exercise to induce additional pain. Pain numerical rating scale (NRS) scores and electroencephalography were recorded at Day0 (before injection), Day4, and Day6 for 3 minutes (eyes closed) with wrist at rest (Resting-state) and extension (Contraction-state). The average pain NRS scores in contraction-state across Days were used to divide participants into HPS (NRS-scores≥2) and LPS groups. PAF was calculated by frequency decomposition of electroencephalographic recordings. Compared with Day0, contraction NRS-scores only increased in HPS-group at Day4 and Day6 (

Bowel dysfunctions after acquired brain injury: a scoping review

Bowel dysfunction is a common consequence of neurological diseases and has a major impact on the dignity and quality of life of patients. Evidence on neurogenic bowel is focused on spinal cord injury and multiple sclerosis; few studies have focused on patients with acquired brain injury (ABI). Neurogenic bowel dysfunction is related to a lifelong condition derived from central neurological disease, which further increases disability and social deprivation. The manifestations of neurogenic bowel dysfunction include fecal incontinence and constipation. Almost two out of three patients with central nervous system disorder have bowel impairment. This scoping review aims to comprehend the extent and type of evidence on bowel dysfunction after ABI and present conservative treatment. For this scoping review, the PCC (population, concept, and context) framework was used: patients with ABI and bowel dysfunction; evaluation and treatment; and intensive/extensive rehabilitation path. Ten full-text articles were included in the review. Oral laxatives are the most common treatment. The Functional Independence Measure (FIM) subscale is the most common scale used to assess neurogenic bowel disease (60%), followed by the Rome II and III criteria, and the colon transit time is used to test for constipation; however, no instrumental methods have been used for incontinence. An overlapping between incontinence and constipation, SCI and ABI increase difficulties to manage NBD. The need for a consensus between the rehabilitative and gastroenterological societies on the diagnosis and medical care of NBD.Systematic review registrationOpen Science Framework on August 16, 2022 https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/NEQMA

What names for covert awareness? A systematic review

[EN] Background: With the emergence of Brain Computer Interfaces (BCI), clinicians have been facing a new group of patients with severe acquired brain injury who are unable to show any behavioral sign of consciousness but respond to active neuroimaging or electrophysiological paradigms. However, even though well documented, there is still no consensus regarding the nomenclature for this clinical entity. Objectives: This systematic review aims to 1) identify the terms used to indicate the presence of this entity through the years, and 2) promote an informed discussion regarding the rationale for these names and the best candidates to name this fascinating disorder. Methods: The Disorders of Consciousness Special Interest Group (DoC SIG) of the International Brain Injury Association (IBIA) launched a search on Pubmed and Google scholar following PRISMA guidelines to collect peer-reviewed articles and reviews on human adults (> 18 years) published in English between 2006 and 2021. Results: The search launched in January 2021 identified 4,089 potentially relevant titles. After screening, 1,126 abstracts were found relevant. Finally, 161 manuscripts were included in our analyses. Only 58% of the manuscripts used a specific name to discuss this clinical entity, among which 32% used several names interchangeably throughout the text. We found 25 different names given to this entity. The five following names were the ones the most frequently used: covert awareness, cognitive motor dissociation, functional locked-in, non-behavioral MCS (MCS*) and higher-order cortex motor dissociation. Conclusion: Since 2006, there has been no agreement regarding the taxonomy to use for unresponsive patients who are able to respond to active neuroimaging or electrophysiological paradigms. Developing a standard taxonomy is an important goal for future research studies and clinical translation. We recommend a Delphi study in order to build such a consensus.MF was supported by the European Union's Horizon 2020 Framework Programme for Research and Innovation under the Specific Grant Agreement (No. 945539) (Human Brain Project SGA3).Schnakers, C.; Bauer, C.; Formisano, R.; Noé, E.; Llorens Rodríguez, R.; Lejeune, N.; Farisco, M.... (2022). What names for covert awareness? A systematic review. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience. 16:1-9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2022.971315191

What names for covert awareness? A systematic review

Background: With the emergence of Brain Computer Interfaces (BCI), clinicians have been facing a new group of patients with severe acquired brain injury who are unable to show any behavioral sign of consciousness but respond to active neuroimaging or electrophysiological paradigms. However, even though well documented, there is still no consensus regarding the nomenclature for this clinical entity. Objectives: This systematic review aims to 1) identify the terms used to indicate the presence of this entity through the years, and 2) promote an informed discussion regarding the rationale for these names and the best candidates to name this fascinating disorder. Methods: The Disorders of Consciousness Special Interest Group (DoC SIG) of the International Brain Injury Association (IBIA) launched a search on Pubmed and Google scholar following PRISMA guidelines to collect peer-reviewed articles and reviews on human adults (>18 years) published in English between 2006 and 2021. Results: The search launched in January 2021 identified 4,089 potentially relevant titles. After screening, 1,126 abstracts were found relevant. Finally, 161 manuscripts were included in our analyses. Only 58% of the manuscripts used a specific name to discuss this clinical entity, among which 32% used several names interchangeably throughout the text. We found 25 different names given to this entity. The five following names were the ones the most frequently used: covert awareness, cognitive motor dissociation, functional locked-in, non-behavioral MCS (MCS*) and higher-order cortex motor dissociation. Conclusion: Since 2006, there has been no agreement regarding the taxonomy to use for unresponsive patients who are able to respond to active neuroimaging or electrophysiological paradigms. Developing a standard taxonomy is an important goal for future research studies and clinical translation. We recommend a Delphi study in order to build such a consensus.Fil: Schnakers, Caroline. Casa Colina Hospital and Centers for Healthcare. Research Institute; Estados UnidosFil: Bauer, Chase. Western University of Health Sciences. College of Osteopathic Medicine; Estados UnidosFil: Formisano, Rita. IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation; ItaliaFil: Noé, Enrique. Fundación Hospitales Vithas. Vithas Neuro Rehab Human Brain; EspañaFil: Llorens, Roberto. Fundación Hospitales Vithas. Vithas Neuro Rehab Human Brain; EspañaFil: Llorens, Roberto. Universitat Politècnica de València. Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Bioingeniería. Neurorehabilitation and Brain Research Group; EspañaFil: Lejeune, Nicolas. University of Liège. Coma Science Group. GIGA-Consciousness; BélgicaFil: Lejeune, Nicolas. Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve. Centre Hospitalier Neurologique William Lennox; BélgicaFil: Farisco, Michele. Uppsala University. Centre for Research Ethics and Bioethics,; SueciaFil: Farisco, Michele. Biology and Molecular Genetics Research Institute. Science and Society Unit, Biogem; ItaliaFil: Teixeira, Liliana. Polytechnic of Leiria. School of Health Sciences. Center for Innovative Care and Health Technology; PortugalFil: Morrissey, Ann-Marie. University of Limerick. Health Research Institute. Ageing Research Centre; IrlandaFil: De Marco, Sabrina. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Clínica Universitaria Reina Fabiola; ArgentinaFil: Veeramuthu, Vigneswaran. Subang Jaya Medical Center; MalasiaFil: Ilina, Kseniya. Research Center of Neurology; RusiaFil: Ilina, Kseniya. Lomonosov Moscow State University. Faculty of Fundamental Medicine; RusiaFil: Edlow, Brian L. Harvard Medical School. Massachusetts General Hospital; Estados UnidosFil: Gosseries, Olivia. University of Liège. Coma Science Group; BélgicaFil: Gosseries, Olivia. University Hospital of Liege. Centre du Cerveau; BélgicaFil: Zandalasini, Matteo. Azienda USL di Piacenza. Dipartimento di Medicina Riabilitativa. Neuroriabilitazione e Medicina Riabilitativa Intensiva. Unità Spinale; ItaliaFil: De Bellis, Francesco. IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi; ItaliaFil: Thibaut, Aurore. University of Liège. Coma Science Group. GIGA-Consciousness; BélgicaFil: Thibaut, Aurore. University Hospital of Liege. Centre du Cerveau; BélgicaFil: Estraneo, Anna. IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi; ItaliaFil: Estraneo, Anna. SM della Pietà General Hospital. Neurology Unit; Itali

What names for covert awareness? : A systematic review

Background: With the emergence of Brain Computer Interfaces (BCI), clinicians have been facing a new group of patients with severe acquired brain injury who are unable to show any behavioral sign of consciousness but respond to active neuroimaging or electrophysiological paradigms. However, even though well documented, there is still no consensus regarding the nomenclature for this clinical entity. Objectives: This systematic review aims to 1) identify the terms used to indicate the presence of this entity through the years, and 2) promote an informed discussion regarding the rationale for these names and the best candidates to name this fascinating disorder. Methods: The Disorders of Consciousness Special Interest Group (DoC SIG) of the International Brain Injury Association (IBIA) launched a search on Pubmed and Google scholar following PRISMA guidelines to collect peer-reviewed articles and reviews on human adults (&gt;18 years) published in English between 2006 and 2021. Results: The search launched in January 2021 identified 4,089 potentially relevant titles. After screening, 1,126 abstracts were found relevant. Finally, 161 manuscripts were included in our analyses. Only 58% of the manuscripts used a specific name to discuss this clinical entity, among which 32% used several names interchangeably throughout the text. We found 25 different names given to this entity. The five following names were the ones the most frequently used: covert awareness, cognitive motor dissociation, functional locked-in, non-behavioral MCS (MCS*) and higher-order cortex motor dissociation. Conclusion: Since 2006, there has been no agreement regarding the taxonomy to use for unresponsive patients who are able to respond to active neuroimaging or electrophysiological paradigms. Developing a standard taxonomy is an important goal for future research studies and clinical translation. We recommend a Delphi study in order to build such a consensus.The Human Brain Projec

What names for covert awareness? A systematic review.

peer reviewedBACKGROUND: With the emergence of Brain Computer Interfaces (BCI), clinicians have been facing a new group of patients with severe acquired brain injury who are unable to show any behavioral sign of consciousness but respond to active neuroimaging or electrophysiological paradigms. However, even though well documented, there is still no consensus regarding the nomenclature for this clinical entity. OBJECTIVES: This systematic review aims to 1) identify the terms used to indicate the presence of this entity through the years, and 2) promote an informed discussion regarding the rationale for these names and the best candidates to name this fascinating disorder. METHODS: The Disorders of Consciousness Special Interest Group (DoC SIG) of the International Brain Injury Association (IBIA) launched a search on Pubmed and Google scholar following PRISMA guidelines to collect peer-reviewed articles and reviews on human adults (>18 years) published in English between 2006 and 2021. RESULTS: The search launched in January 2021 identified 4,089 potentially relevant titles. After screening, 1,126 abstracts were found relevant. Finally, 161 manuscripts were included in our analyses. Only 58% of the manuscripts used a specific name to discuss this clinical entity, among which 32% used several names interchangeably throughout the text. We found 25 different names given to this entity. The five following names were the ones the most frequently used: covert awareness, cognitive motor dissociation, functional locked-in, non-behavioral MCS (MCS(*)) and higher-order cortex motor dissociation. CONCLUSION: Since 2006, there has been no agreement regarding the taxonomy to use for unresponsive patients who are able to respond to active neuroimaging or electrophysiological paradigms. Developing a standard taxonomy is an important goal for future research studies and clinical translation. We recommend a Delphi study in order to build such a consensus