Magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the diagnosis and etiological definition of brain bacterial abscesses

We report two patients with bacterial brain abscesses whose etiological diagnosis was correctly proposed by association of diffusion weighted images (DWI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) with conventional MRI. Both patients presented ring enhancing lesions with evidences of restricted diffusion. On MRS, the abscess caused by aerobic bacteria presented lactate and aminoacids peaks and the abscess caused by anaerobic facultative bacteria showed also acetate and succinate peaks. These results are in agreement with an unique previous study that related MRS pattern with bacterial etiology. Conventional MRI, associated with DWI and MRS is effective in diagnosing bacterial abscess and promising in exploring its etiology.654B1144114

ESTHESIONEUROBLASTOMA

673A70470

Orange jasmine as a trap crop to control Diaphorina citri

[EN] Novel, suitable and sustainable alternative control tactics that have the potential to reduce migration of Diaphorina citri into commercial citrus orchards are essential to improve management of huanglongbing (HLB). In this study, the effect of orange jasmine (Murraya paniculata) as a border trap crop on psyllid settlement and dispersal was assessed in citrus orchards. Furthermore, volatile emission profiles and relative attractiveness of both orange jasmine and sweet orange (Citrus¿×¿aurantium L., syn. Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) nursery flushes to D. citri were investigated. In newly established citrus orchards, the trap crop reduced the capture of psyllids in yellow sticky traps and the number of psyllids that settled on citrus trees compared to fallow mowed grass fields by 40% and 83%, respectively. Psyllids were attracted and killed by thiamethoxam-treated orange jasmine suggesting that the trap crop could act as a `sink¿ for D. citri. Additionally, the presence of the trap crop reduced HLB incidence by 43%. Olfactometer experiments showed that orange jasmine plays an attractive role on psyllid behavior and that this attractiveness may be associated with differences in the volatile profiles emitted by orange jasmine in comparison with sweet orange. Results indicated that insecticide-treated M. paniculata may act as a trap crop to attract and kill D. citri before they settled on the edges of citrus orchards, which significantly contributes to the reduction of HLB primary spread.This work was supported by Fund for Citrus Protection (Fundecitrus) and by Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) (Proc. 2015/07011-3). We thank Moacir Celio Vizone, Felipe Marinho Martini and Joao Pedro Ancoma Lopes for technical support with experiments. Furthermore, we thank Cambuhy Agricola Ltda. and University of Araraquara (Uniara) for providing the areas in which the field experiments were performed. Second author received scholarship from National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq)/Brazil (Proc. 300153/2011-2).Tomaseto, AF.; Marques, RN.; Fereres, A.; Zanardi, OZ.; Volpe, HXL.; Alquézar-García, B.; Peña, L.... (2019). Orange jasmine as a trap crop to control Diaphorina citri. Scientific Reports. 9:1-11. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-38597-5S1119Bové, J. M. Huanglongbing: a destructive, newly-emerging, century-old disease of citrus. J Plant Pathol. 88, 7–37 (2006).Alvarez, S., Rohrig, E., Solís, D. & Thomas, M. H. Citrus greening disease (Huanglongbing) in Florida: economic impact, management and the potential for biological control. Agric. Res. 5, 109–118 (2016).Belasque, J. Jr. et al. Lessons from huanglongbing management in São Paulo state, Brazil. J. Plant Pathol. 92, 285–302 (2010).Boina, D. R., Meyer, W. L., Onagbola, E. O. & Stelinski, L. L. 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Crop Prot. 105, 10–15 (2018).Miranda, M. P. et al. Processed kaolin affects the probing and settling behavior of Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae). Pest Manag. Sci. 74, 1964–1972 (2018).Kobori, Y., Nakata, T., Ohto, Y. & Takasu, F. Dispersal of adult Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Homoptera: Psyllidae), the vector of citrus greening disease, in artificial release experiments. Appl. Entomol. Zool. 46, 27–30 (2011).Sétamou, M. et al. Diurnal patterns of flight activity and effects of light on host finding behavior of the Asian citrus psyllid. J. Insect Behav. 25, 264–276 (2012).Wenninger, E. J., Stelinski, L. L. & Hall, D. G. Roles of olfactory cues, visual cues, and mating status in orientation of Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) to four different host plants. Environ. Entomol. 38, 225–234 (2009).Miranda, M. P., Dos Santos, F. L., Felippe, M. R., Moreno, A. & Fereres, A. Effect of UV-blocking plastic films on take-off and host plant finding ability of Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae). J. Econ. Entomol. 108, 245–251 (2015).Visser, J. H. Host odor perception in phytophagous insects. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 31, 121–144 (1986).Robbins, P. S., Alessandro, R. T., Stelinski, L. L. & Lapointe, S. L. Volatile profiles of young leaves of Rutaceae spp. varying in susceptibility to the Asian citrus psyllid (Hemiptera: Psyllidae). Florida Entomol. 95, 774–776 (2012).Fancelli, M. et al. Attractiveness of host plant volatile extracts to the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri, is reduced by terpenoids from the non-host cashew. J. Chem. Ecol. 44, 397–405 (2018).Alquézar, B. et al. β-caryophyllene emitted from a transgenic Arabidopsis or chemical dispenser repels Diaphorina citri, vector of Candidatus Liberibacters. Sci. Rep. 7, 5639 (2017).Jones, R. A. C. Effects of cereal borders, admixture with cereals and plant density on the spread of bean yellow mosaic potyvirus into narrow‐leafed lupins (Lupinus angustifolius). Ann. Appl. Biol. 122, 501–518 (1993).Beloti, V. H., Alves, G. R., Coletta-Filho, H. D. & Yamamoto, P. T. The Asian citrus psyllid host Murraya koenigii is immune to citrus huanglongbing pathogen ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’. Phytopathology 108, 1089–1094 (2018).Walter, A. J., Duan, Y. & Hall, D. G. Titers of ‘Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus’ in Murraya paniculata and Murraya-reared Diaphorina citri are much lower than in Citrus and Citrus-reared psyllids. HortScience 47, 1449–1452 (2012).Walter, A. J., Hall, D. G. & Duan, Y. P. Low incidence of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ in Murraya paniculata and associated Diaphorina citri. Plant Dis. 96, 827–832 (2012).Ammar, E.-D. D., Ramos, J. E., Hall, D. G., Dawson, W. O. & Shatters, R. G. Acquisition, replication and inoculation of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus following various acquisition periods on huanglongbing-infected citrus by nymphs and adults of the Asian citrus psyllid. PLoS One 11, e0159594 (2016).Inoue, H. et al. Enhanced proliferation and efficient transmission of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus by adult Diaphorina citri after acquisition feeding in the nymphal stage. Ann. Appl. Biol. 155, 29–36 (2009).Pelz-Stelinski, K. S., Brlansky, R. H., Ebert, T. A. & Rogers, M. E. Transmission parameters for Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus by Asian citrus psyllid (Hemiptera: Psyllidae). J. Econ. Entomol. 103, 1531–1541 (2010).Canale, M. C. et al. Latency and persistence of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ in its psyllid vector, Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae). Phytopathology 107, 264–272 (2017).Li, W., Hartung, J. S. & Levy, L. 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Meningioma with rhabdoid, papillary and clear cell features: case report and review of association of rare meningioma variants

Meningiomas are common central nervous system tumors with a wide range of morphological variants, assigned World Health Organization (WHO) Grades I-III. We report an extremely rare rhabdoid, papillary and clear cell meningioma (WHO Grade III) in a 29-year-old female, who presented with diplopia and headache over a few days, 2 years ago. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a well-circumscribed, lobulated, predominantly solid and contrast-enhancing lesion in the right temporal, parietal and occipital lobes. On routine staining, the tumor did not display classical meningioma features. A wide immunohistochemical panel ruled out metastasis and endorsed the meningothelial nature of the lesion (positivity for epithelial membrane antigen and vimentin). Electron microscopy did not show usual hallmarks of meningioma but was helpful in excluding other tumors. Even though the three variants are associated with aggressive behavior, the patient is currently asymptomatic. The concurrent use of different techniques was essential for diagnosis.30629129

Brain tumor-like lesion in Behcet disease

We report a patient with longstanding Behcet disease who presented sudden onset of headache and facial paresis. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a mass in the right thalamus, extending to the lentiform nucleus, subthalamic area, right cerebral peduncle and deep subcortical white matter. Stereotactic brain biopsy disclosed gliosis with no signs of malignancy. The diagnosis of a pseudotumoral form of neuro-Behcet disease was done and she was treated with pulse methylpredinisolone and intravenous cyclophosphamide. After 8 weeks she had improved and a new MRI showed disappearance of the tumor-like lesion. The differential diagnosis, especially with central nervous system tumor is emphasized.26657758

Hypertrophic pachymeningitis - Case report

Hypertrophic pachymeningits is an unusual cause of neurological symptoms and is often secondary to infections, carcinomatosis or inflammatory diseases. it may also be idiopathic. We report a case of pachymeningitis which was manifested primarily by psychosis and visual loss with optic atrophy and destruction of nasal septum. The patient, a 45 year old woman was submitted to extensive investigation without evidence of any underlying disease. A meningeal biopsy was performed and showed a mostly unspecific inflammatory process with extensive fibrosis of the dura and few early stage granulomas. These findings suggest either neurosarcoidosis or idiopathic hypertrophic pachymeningitis.61110711

APOE status modulates the changes in network connectivity induced by brain stimulation in non-demented elders

Correction: https://doi.org/10.1371/annotation/fe36cdbc-5ad0-40d4-8289-fe78d2011ca4Behavioral consequences of a brain insult represent an interaction between the injury and the capacity of the rest of the brain to adapt to it. We provide experimental support for the notion that genetic factors play a critical role in such adaptation. We induced a controlled brain disruption using repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and show that APOE status determines its impact on distributed brain networks as assessed by functional MRI (fMRI).Twenty non-demented elders exhibiting mild memory dysfunction underwent two fMRI studies during face-name encoding tasks (before and after rTMS). Baseline task performance was associated with activation of a network of brain regions in prefrontal, parietal, medial temporal and visual associative areas. APOE ε4 bearers exhibited this pattern in two separate independent components, whereas ε4-non carriers presented a single partially overlapping network. Following rTMS all subjects showed slight ameliorations in memory performance, regardless of APOE status. However, after rTMS APOE ε4-carriers showed significant changes in brain network activation, expressing strikingly similar spatial configuration as the one observed in the non-carrier group prior to stimulation. Similarly, activity in areas of the default-mode network (DMN) was found in a single component among the ε4-non bearers, whereas among carriers it appeared disaggregated in three distinct spatiotemporal components that changed to an integrated single component after rTMS. Our findings demonstrate that genetic background play a fundamental role in the brain responses to focal insults, conditioning expression of distinct brain networks to sustain similar cognitive performance