GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Diabetic Kidney Disease: A Call of Attention to Nephrologists

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) represents the main cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESKD), and diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetes. Despite advances in the nephroprotective treatment of T2DM, DKD remains the most common complication, driving the need for renal replacement therapies (RRT) worldwide, and its incidence is increasing. Until recently, prevention of DKD progression was based around strict blood pressure (BP) control, using renin-angiotensin system blockers that simultaneously reduce BP and proteinuria, adequate glycemic control and control of cardiovascular risk factors. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) are a new class of anti-hyperglycemic drugs shown to improve cardiovascular and renal events in DKD. In this regard, GLP-1RA offer the potential for adequate glycemic control in multiple stages of DKD without an increased risk of hypoglycemia, preventing the onset of macroalbuminuria and slowing the decline of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in diabetic patients, also bringing additional benefit in weight reduction, cardiovascular and other kidney outcomes. Results from ongoing trials are pending to assess the impact of GLP-1RA treatments on primary kidney endpoints in DKD

SELNET clinical practice guidelines for bone sarcoma

Bone sarcoma are infrequent diseases, representing < 0.2% of all adult neoplasms. A multidisciplinary management within reference centers for sarcoma, with discussion of the diagnostic and therapeutic strategies within an expert multidisciplinary tumour board, is essential for these patients, given its heterogeneity and low frequency. This approach leads to an improvement in patient's outcome, as demonstrated in several studies. The Sarcoma European Latin-American Network (SELNET), aims to improve clinical outcome in sarcoma care, with a special focus in Latin-American countries. These Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG) have been developed and agreed by a multidisciplinary expert group (including medical and radiation oncologist, surgical oncologist, orthopaedic surgeons, radiologist, pathologist, molecular biologist and representatives of patients advocacy groups) of the SELNET consortium, and are conceived to provide the standard approach to diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of bone sarcoma patients in the Latin-American context

Diversity and ethics in trauma and acute care surgery teams: results from an international survey

Background Investigating the context of trauma and acute care surgery, the article aims at understanding the factors that can enhance some ethical aspects, namely the importance of patient consent, the perceptiveness of the ethical role of the trauma leader, and the perceived importance of ethics as an educational subject. Methods The article employs an international questionnaire promoted by the World Society of Emergency Surgery. Results Through the analysis of 402 fully filled questionnaires by surgeons from 72 different countries, the three main ethical topics are investigated through the lens of gender, membership of an academic or non-academic institution, an official trauma team, and a diverse group. In general terms, results highlight greater attention paid by surgeons belonging to academic institutions, official trauma teams, and diverse groups. Conclusions Our results underline that some organizational factors (e.g., the fact that the team belongs to a university context or is more diverse) might lead to the development of a higher sensibility on ethical matters. Embracing cultural diversity forces trauma teams to deal with different mindsets. Organizations should, therefore, consider those elements in defining their organizational procedures. Level of evidence Trauma and acute care teams work under tremendous pressure and complex circumstances, with their members needing to make ethical decisions quickly. The international survey allowed to shed light on how team assembly decisions might represent an opportunity to coordinate team member actions and increase performance

Revisión de la literatura de las metodologías de ciberseguridad en plataformas bancarias

&lt;p&gt;Currently, online banking is a fundamental tool for natural or legal persons, leading to the fact that banking services that were performed in a traditional way (physical form) are transferred to the Internet due to its ease of use and comfort for the client, having these services at your disposal at any time. For this reason, these online banking services become attractive to criminals, which is why they devise various strategies to generate attacks on the data centres of banking agencies to obtain as much information as possible from users and thus steal information and money from banking entities illegally. This investigative work aims to perform a bibliographic review, using the methodology of a systematic review of the literature, SLR, selecting the information exhaustively and adequately through research of studies related to the computer security algorithms necessary to counterattacks of computer security that online banking platforms are objectives to know the preparation and proposal for security problems that online banking has, using a variety of research in publications, magazines and other research elements that will allow the development of this review article. The results allow us to conclude that the security algorithms based on DHCP Snooping can be the beginning of various points and proposals to counteract attacks on online banking servers of financial platforms. Through DHCP Snooping, it is possible to counteract DHCP Spoofing, which is the principle of most online attacks on different cybersecurity systems and applications. As for the work implemented, we found other alternatives to counter attacks using DHCP Snooping through its multiple solutions for protecting online banking servers.&lt;/p&gt

Estudio y selección de las técnicas SIFT, SURF y ASIFT de reconocimiento de imágenes para el diseño de un prototipo en dispositivos móviles

&lt;p&gt;The computer vision techniques are a subdivision of artificial intelligence, whereby by using an image, a group of images or a sequence of images, we have the possibility to extract valuable information to perform various operations such as: recognition of objects, camara Calibration, 3D Modeling, robotic vision, video follow up, image processing (contrast, brightness, threshold, etc.), among others. There are many fields in which these operation can be used: X-ray, CT, infrared, optical sensors, range sensors, weather, robotics, among others. Currently, there are several methods used in image recognition, some more or less precision; SIFT is an algorithm to detect and describe local features of images. SIFT was discovered by David Lowe in 1999, making it a fairly young method. In 2006 a new striking technique was introduced SURF. SURF is a method inspired by SIFT in many ways however SURF has a new feature: speed. The technique to be used for recognition is ASIFT, unlike the SIFT method which only simulates three parameters ASIFT simulates six parameters: zoom, the angle of the camera in latitude, the angle of the camera in length and normalizes the three other parameters which are translation, rotation and scale. The application would start by giving a welcome to the blind using a hearing aid. Then the individual could touch any area of the screen of the mobile device and this would capture an image. The image would then be processed by using methods artificial vision, which would respond in auditory form (denomination of the bill). The system would also presents two language options, spanish and english, enabling bilingual user to switch from one language to another. The application to be developed would possess the following: the use of accelerometer (one of the great advantages that iOS possesses is the presentation of accelerometer though which the various processes would be call), camera (it refers to the capture of images through the use of the mobile device), sound (will be based on various hearing aids or auditive steps by which the individual can be guided on how to use it), vibration (it will alert the individual of various events that may develop). Depending on the axes of the mobile device, the following actions would be perform: in the X axis the stability would allow to take a picture by only clicking once on the screen of the mobile device, would allow to change the language only once, the function of repeating the denomination would be enabled, no camera would disable the touch screen option therefore the picture taking option, the repeat denomination would allow the repeating of the denomination of the bill's name and the recognition process refers to both the generation of keypoint and its respective match, in the Y axis the close of applications, for the fact that they are unable to see, the mobile device was developed in a way that by putting it upside down, the application would close completely and finally in the Z axis the stability allows to take a picture by clicking only once in the screen of the mobile device, the changing of language would activate only once, and the change of language would be abel to choose the language of the entire process. The advantages are: ease of use, is a hearing aid, tactile assistants (vibration).&lt;/p&gt

Review of studies on sensor networks for CO2 monitoring

&lt;p&gt;Currently, in metropolitan areas, the amounts of polluting gases are increasing, which causes the growth of global warming. One of the leading gases causing the greenhouse effect is carbon dioxide (CO2). For this reason, its monitoring and control is a highly studied topic worldwide due to the various problems in the ecosystem. One of the ways to monitor CO2 levels in the environment is through devices with specialised sensors and wireless communication through a sensor network. This research paper presents a bibliographic review of studies on sensor networks for CO2 monitoring. The objective of this article is to identify which are the sensors and the most used communication technology for the monitoring of this polluting gas. The methodology used in this article is a bibliographic review, which effectively allows the investigation of information to perform a critical analysis. Scientific articles, doctoral thesis, and other research on this subject have been considered for analysis. The results concluded that the most widely used wireless protocol is Zigbee due to its reduced energy consumption in implementation. The MQ-135 sensor is the most used, which is indicated to detect harmful gases in a maximum range of 10-1000 ppm (parts per million).&lt;/p&gt

Simulación de Tráfico Vehicular en base a Trazas Reales

&lt;p&gt;Los altos niveles de tráfico urbano son una de las principales preocupaciones en nuestras sociedades, generando problemas como consumo de combustible y emisiones de CO2 excesivos. Recientemente, los Sistemas de Transporte Inteligente (ITS) han emergido como una tecnología capaz de mitigar estos problemas. Sin embargo, el análisis de tráfico y las correspondientes propuestas de mejora típicamente se basan en simulaciones, las cuales deberían ser lo más realistas posible. No obstante, lograr un elevado grado de realismo puede ser complejo, especialmente cuando los patrones de tráfico real, definidos a través de una matriz origen-destino (O-D) para los vehículos en una ciudad, son desconocidos. En este trabajo proponemos una nueva técnica para importar datos de tráfico a la herramienta de simulación de movilidad SUMO. Concretamente, nuestra propuesta parte de las mediciones de los anillos de inducción, típicamente disponibles por parte de las autoridades de tráfico. A continuación usando la herramienta DFROUTER conjuntamente con una heurística basada en un ajuste globla del tráfico, permite generar una matriz O-D para el tráfico que se asemeje lo más posible a la distribución del tráfico real. Aplicando la técnica propuesta a la ciudad de Valencia, verificamos mediante simulación que los resultados obtenidos son muy similares a otros datos de tráfico de movilidad existentes para las ciudades de Cologne (Alemania) y Bologna (Italia), demostrando la validez de la estrategia propuesta.&lt;/p&gt

Modelado realista del tráfico urbano usando DFROUTER

&lt;p&gt;Uno de los principal problemas al que se enfrentan los Sistemas Inteligente de Transporte (ITS) es la congestión del tráfico, que requiere modelos para predecir el impacto de diferentes soluciones en el flujo de tráfico urbano. Para lograrlo es imprescindible el uso de simuladores, los cuales deberían ser tan realistas como sea posible. Sin embargo, lograr ese alto grado de realismo pueden ser difícil de conseguir cuando no se dispone de los patrones de tráfico real, típicamente definidos a través de una matriz origen-destino (O-D) para los vehículos de una ciudad. En este sentido, la principal contribución de este trabajo es la propuesta de una heurística para mejorar el modelo de la congestión del tráfico. Proponemos un procedimiento que, partiendo de las mediciones de los anillos de inducción reales, permite refinar iterativamente la salida del DFROUTER, herramienta para estimar la distribución real del tráfico y que se integra en SUMO (Simulador de Movilidad Urbana). De esta forma, DFROUTER permite generar una matriz O-D para el tráfico, acercándose a una distribución realista del mismo, y que además puede ser importada directamente por SUMO para la realización de diferentes estudios. Aplicamos nuestra técnica a la ciudad de Valencia para así poder determinar el grado de congestión esperable si ciertas condiciones causan tráfico adicional en la circulación de la ciudad, adoptando dos tipos de patrones para la inyección de tráfico: uniforme y basado en zonas calientes. Finalmente estudiamos sobre el impacto de diferentes niveles de congestión del tráfico en escenarios urbanos.&lt;/p&gt