Mapeamento genético de marcadores AFLP ligados ao gene de resistência do híbrido de timor à Hemileia vastatrix.

A ferrugem alaranjada do cafeeiro causada por Hemileia vastatrix é tida como a mais devastadora doença do cafeeiro. Este trabalho objetivou estudar a herança gênica e a identificação de marcadores moleculares ligados ao gene que confere resistência a esta doença. Para este estudo foram utilizados a população F2 (160 indivíduos), o retrocruzamento resistente (RCr, 20 indivíduos) e o suscetível (RCs, 135 indivíduos), derivados do cruzamento entre o Híbrido de Timor UFV 427-15, genitor resistente e o suscetível Catuai amarelo UFV 2143-236. A análise da segregação das populações, em estudo, indicou que um único gene dominante, presente no acesso do Híbrido de Timor UFV 427-15, é responsável pela resistência. Foram utilizadas as metodologias de BSA (Bulked Segregant Analysis) e AFLP, e analisadas 852 combinações de primers, que permitiram identificar três marcadores ligados ao gene de resistência localizados flanqueando ambos os lados, e distantes a 8.69, 20.50 e 25.10 cM. Estes são os primeiros marcadores identificados para o gene de resistência a ferrugem presente no Híbrido de Timor, e auxiliarão na seleção em programas de melhoramento para a resistência a ferrugem no Brasil

The association of elevated blood pressure during ischaemic exercise with sport performance in Master athletes with and without morbidity

Background: An exaggerated exercise blood pressure (BP) is associated with a reduced exercise capacity. However, its connection to physical performance during competition is unknown. Aim: To examine BP responses to ischaemic handgrip exercise in Master athletes (MA) with and without underlying morbidities and to assess their association with athletic performance during the World Master Track Cycling Championships 2019. Methods: Forty-eight Master cyclists [age 59 ± 13yrs; weekly training volume 10.4 ± 4.1 h/week; handgrip maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) 46.3 ± 11.5 kg] divided into 2 matched groups (24 healthy MA and 24 MA with morbidity) and 10 healthy middle-aged non-athlete controls (age 48.3 ± 8.3 years; MVC 40.4 ± 14.8 kg) performed 5 min of forearm occlusion including 1 min handgrip isometric contraction (40%MVC) followed by 5 min recovery. Continuous beat-by-beat BP was recorded using finger plethysmography. Age-graded performance (AGP) was calculated to compare race performances among MA. Healthy Master cyclists were further grouped into middle-age (age 46.2 ± 6.4 years; N:12) and old-age (age 65.0 ± 7.7 years; N:12) for comparison with middle-aged non-athlete controls. Results: Healthy and morbidity MA groups showed similar BP responses during forearm occlusion and AGP (90.1 ± 4.3% and 91.0 ± 5.3%, p > 0.05, respectively). Healthy and morbidity MA showed modest correlation between the BP rising slope for 40%MVC ischaemic exercise and AGP (r = 0.5, p < 0.05). MA showed accelerated SBP recovery after cessation of ischaemic handgrip exercise compared to healthy non-athlete controls. Conclusion: Our findings associate long-term athletic training with improved BP recovery following ischaemic exercise regardless of age or reported morbidity. Exaggerated BP in Master cyclists during ischaemic exercise was associated with lower AGP during the World Master Cycling Championships

Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndromes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cardiorespiratory fitness and neuromuscular function compared with healthy individuals

Objective: To determine cardiorespiratory fitness and neuromuscular function of people with CFS and FMS compared to healthy individuals. Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Data sources: PubMed, Medline, CINAHL, AMED, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and PEDro from inception to June 2022. Eligible criteria for selecting studies: Studies were included if presenting baseline data on cardiorespiratory fitness and/or neuromuscular function from observational or interventional studies of patients diagnosed with FMS or CFS. Participants were aged 18 years or older, with results also provided for healthy controls. Risk of bias assessment was conducted using the Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies (EPHPP). Results: 99 studies including 9853 participants (5808 patients; 4405 healthy controls) met our eligibility criteria. Random effects meta-analysis showed lower cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max, anaerobic threshold, peak lactate) and neuromuscular function (MVC, fatigability, voluntary activation, muscle volume, muscle mass, rate of perceived exertion) in CFS and FMS compared to controls: all with moderate to high effect sizes. Discussion: Our results demonstrate lower cardiorespiratory fitness and muscle function in those living with FMS or CFS when compared to controls. There were indications of dysregulated neuro-muscular interactions including heightened perceptions of effort, reduced ability to activate the available musculature during exercise and reduced tolerance of exercise. Trail registration: PROSPERO registration number: (CRD42020184108)

A multi-element psychosocial intervention for early psychosis (GET UP PIANO TRIAL) conducted in a catchment area of 10 million inhabitants: study protocol for a pragmatic cluster randomized controlled trial

Multi-element interventions for first-episode psychosis (FEP) are promising, but have mostly been conducted in non-epidemiologically representative samples, thereby raising the risk of underestimating the complexities involved in treating FEP in 'real-world' services