VIRUDDHA AHARA - THE UNIQUE CONCEPT OF AYURVEDA

Intake of food is one of the most essential activities for growth of the body and maintaining good health. Ancient Ayurveda texts explain a very unique concept of diet plans in the chapter known as Ahara vidhi - vidhan. Contradictory food is the sub-topic of this chapter. Ayurveda explains that, combination of certain incompatible food items in terms of taste, potencies, time, state of health, place, condition of Doshas, digestive fire, cooking methods, processing quantities, order of intake rules, is unsafe and that is called contradictory food (Viruddha ahara), that leads to obstruction of channels and produces acute and chronic diseases. Our ancient Ayurveda classics clearly defined this important concept and its types, and illustrated some examples and solutions. In todays modern era, due to lack of knowledge about correct eating habits, we blindly follow the wrong dietary habits and suffer from immunologic, skin allergic disorder and unknown etiology. By means of this article we can understand the disorders and hazardous effects of consumption of incompatible diets. Before consumption, one must consider whether the food combination is safe and is according to the rules and conditions for intake of food. However, it may be noted that for young and healthy person having good digestive capacity and regular exercising habits, consumption of contradictory diets in small quantities, may not pose serious risks. There is a serious need for research and deep study for analysis by expert dieticians and nutrition on contradictory diets for disseminating the facts and findings to the people for betterment of the society

Introduction to the 'IIOAB Letters'

The Institute of Integrative Omics and Applied Biotechnology (IIOAB), India (www.iioab.webs.com / www.iioab.ac.in) is a non-profit scientific organization that aims to provide a global platform for multidisciplinary research and advocacy. Other aspects of the organization are promotion of higher education, R&D, and to serve science, society, and the mankind. To fulfil its mission, IIOAB is now introducing a new open access, preer-reviewed, scientific international journal- the “IIOAB Letters” that will publish articles covering all aspects of biological sciences.  The journal is dedicated to students, who are our future, and will provide a platform to all scientific community to publish their articles.The journal is a collaborative effore of IIOAB and University Library Sysltem (ULS), Office of Scholarly Communication, Publishing and Web Services from University of Pittsburgh, USA. for puting their all valuable efforts in successfully launch the journal using Open Journal System (OJS).The journal will publish basic and applied research articles, invited review articles, interviews, letters, reports etc. This journal will also provide a global forum for ethical and business knowledge exchange through publishing papers from all over the world. Another aspect of the journal is rapid review and fast publication.  The journal will be indexed in well known indexing agencies soon.As an open access journal, the journal will be highly dynamic and interactive and all article will be available freely immediately after publication. Therefore, all published article will be visible to researchers, teachers, students, and scientific community and industry people without delay.We are simply convinced that this is the right time for introduction of this new journal and we are confident that the IIAOB Letters will be a very successful new launch and will be essential to all scientific community.  Comments, suggestions and criticisms are always welcome.Success of any journal depends on strong international and dedicated Editorial Board and fortunately, we have a respectable board consisting of highly qualified personalities from multidisciplinary Biological Science background and from across the geographal regions. During the end of this year, IIOAB Letters also will invite distinguished members for Editorial Board expansion. In the near future our efforts will be focused to increase the publication of high quality research papers and to get a good impact factor as soon as possible. The Institute of Integrative Omics and Applied Biotechnology (IIOAB), India (www.iioab.webs.com / www.iioab.ac.in) is a non-profit scientific organization that aims to provide a global platform for multidisciplinary research and advocacy. Other aspects of the organization are promotion of higher education, R&D, and to serve science, society, and the mankind. To fulfil its mission, IIOAB is now introducing a new open access, preer-reviewed, scientific international journal- the “IIOAB Letters” that will publish articles covering all aspects of biological sciences.  The journal is dedicated to students, who are our future, and will provide a platform to all scientific community to publish their articles. The journal is a collaborative effore of IIOAB and University Library Sysltem (ULS), Office of Scholarly Communication, Publishing and Web Services from University of Pittsburgh, USA. for puting their all valuable efforts in successfully launch the journal using Open Journal System (OJS). The journal will publish basic and applied research articles, invited review articles, interviews, letters, reports etc. This journal will also provide a global forum for ethical and business knowledge exchange through publishing papers from all over the world. Another aspect of the journal is rapid review and fast publication.  The journal will be indexed in well known indexing agencies soon.As an open access journal, the journal will be highly dynamic and interactive and all article will be available freely immediately after publication. Therefore, all published article will be visible to researchers, teachers, students, and scientific community and industry people without delay.  We are simply convinced that this is the right time for introduction of this new journal and we are confident that the IIAOB Letters will be a very successful new launch and will be essential to all scientific community.  Comments, suggestions and criticisms are always welcome. Success of any journal depends on strong international and dedicated Editorial Board and fortunately, we have a respectable board consisting of highly qualified personalities from multidisciplinary Biological Science background and from across the geographal regions. During the end of this year, IIOAB Letters also will invite distinguished members for Editorial Board expansion. In the near future our efforts will be focused to increase the publication of high quality research papers and to get a good impact factor as soon as possible

Incorporating Deep Q -- Network with Multiclass Classification Algorithms

In this study, we explore how Deep Q-Network (DQN) might improve the functionality of multiclass classification algorithms. We will use a benchmark dataset from Kaggle to create a framework incorporating DQN with existing supervised multiclass classification algorithms. The findings of this study will bring insight into how deep reinforcement learning strategies may be used to increase multiclass classification accuracy. They have been used in a number of fields, including image recognition, natural language processing, and bioinformatics. This study is focused on the prediction of financial distress in companies in addition to the wider application of Deep Q-Network in multiclass classification. Identifying businesses that are likely to experience financial distress is a crucial task in the fields of finance and risk management. Whenever a business experiences serious challenges keeping its operations going and meeting its financial responsibilities, it is said to be in financial distress. It commonly happens when a company has a sharp and sustained recession in profitability, cash flow issues, or an unsustainable level of debt

Design and Implementation of Position Estimator Algorithm on Voice Coil Motor

Voice Coil Motors (VCMs) have been an inevitable element in the mechanisms that have been used for precise positioning in the applications like 3D printing., micro-stereolithography., etc. These voice coil motors translate in a linear direction and require a high accuracy position sensor that amounts for a major part in the budget. In this research work., an effort has been made to design and implement an algorithm that would predict the displacement of VCM and eliminate the need of high cost sensors. VCM was integrated with dSPACE DS1104 R&D controller via linear current amplifier (LCAM) which acts as a driver circuit for VCM. Sine input was given to VCM with various amplitude and frequency and the corresponding displacement is measured by using linear variable differential transformer (LVDT). The position estimator algorithm is also implemented at the same time on VCM and its output is compared with that of LVDT. It is observed that there is 97.8 % accuracy in between algorithm output and LVDT output. Further., PID controller is used in integration with the novel algorithm to minimize the error. The estimator algorithm is tested for various amplitudes and frequencies and it is found that it has a very good agreement of 99.2% with the actual displacement measured with the help of LVDT

Comparative Assessment of Antibiotic Resistance in Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Healthy Human Adult and Infant Feces

Lactic acid bacteria are normal inhabitants of the gastrointestinal tract of humans. Their occurrence in infant and adult feces is abundant. The current study assesses and compares the antibiotic resistance in lactic acid bacteria isolated from healthy human adult and healthy infant fecal samples. A total of 255 lactic acid bacteria isolates (126 from adult feces and 129 from infant feces) were isolated and characterized from 60 fecal samples. Lactobacillus spp., Pediococcus spp. and Enterococcus spp. were included in the study. The study was done using the WHONET software for the analysis of antibiotic susceptibility data of lactic acid bacteria. Most of the Lactobacillus and Pediococcus strains were sensitive to vancomycin. Enterococcus strains showed resistance against vancomycin. Ampicillin, ciprofloxacin and cefuroxime resistance were significantly (p<0.05) higher in Lactobacillus strains isolated from adult fecal samples than those isolated from infant fecal samples. A similar pattern was observed in Enterococcus strains with erythromycin, gentamycin and tobramycin resistance. Pediococcal isolates from adult feces showed significantly higher resistance against tobramycin, ciprofloxacin, gentamycin, cefotaxime and cefuroxime in comparison with infant fecal isolates. Antibiotic resistance was exhibited by lactic acid bacteria against most commonly used antibiotics and it was higher in strains isolated from adult fecal samples than in the strains isolated from infant fecal samples. The increasing trend in antibiotic resistance from infant to adult might be due to food habits and antibiotic intakes. Thus, the widespread antibiotic resistance in different lactic acid bacteriamay pose a food safety concern as well

Comparative study of acute and chronic exposure of chloramphenicol on total lipid contents in different tissues of model animals, Lamellidens corrianus (Lea) and Parreysia cylindrica (Annandale and Prashad)

Upon lethal treatment of one of the broad spectrum antibiotics, chloramphenicol against the increase lipid contents in all tested tissues, there was increase in the total lipids content over different durations. Exposure to sub-lethal concentration, the amount of total lipids content, increased.   Changes in the lipid metabolism due to lethal concentration of chloramphenicol exposure could reveal the positive impact on the metabolic activities, which would result in increase in lipid contents in both the selected models, Lamellidens corrianus and   Parreysia cylindrica.   The acute dose of chloramphenicol given to Lamellidens corrianus was 470.37PPM and to Parreysia cylindrica was 369.09PPM.  The sub lethal concentrations used were 94.07 PPM in case of L. corrianus and 73.81 PPM in case of P. cylindrica up to 21 days.  The total lipid content was estimated after 24 and 96 hours of acute treatment and after 7, 14 and 21 days of chronic treatment in the mantle, gills, foot, ovary, testis, digestive glands and whole body of the bivalves. Upon acute and chronic exposure of chloramphenicol, L. corrianus and P. cylindrica showed increase in total lipid contents.  There was overall increase in lipid contents in different tissues of both the species of bivalves.  Ovary and testis showed marked increase against chloramphenicol treatment.  Maximum increase in lipid contents was found in ovary after chronic treatment and least by mantle at the same exposure.  The increase in lipid contents may be due to the lipogenesis occurring in the ovary for production and emission of gametes

Analysis of magnetic flux in magneto-rheological damper

Magnetorheological materials are a class of smart substances whose rheological properties can rapidly be varied by application of a magnetic field. The proposed damper consists of an electromagnet and a piston immersed in MR fluid. When current is applied to the electromagnet, the MR fluid solidifies as its yield stress varies in response to the applied magnetic field. Hence, the generation of a magnetic field is an important phenomenon in MR damper. In this research, the magnetic field generated in the damper was analyzed by applying finite element method using COMSOL Multiphysics and was validated using magnetic circuit theory. A quasi-static, 2D—Axisymmetric model was developed using parametric study by varying current from 0–3 A and the magnetic flux density change generated in the fluid flow gap of MR fluid due to external applied current was evaluated. According to the analytical calculations magnetic flux density generated at MR fluid gap was 0.64 Tesla and when calculated using FEA magnetic flux density generated was 0.61 Tesla for 1A current. There is a difference of 4.8% in the simulated results and analytically calculated results of automotive MR damper due to non linear BH curve consideration in Finite element analysis over linear consideration of BH relation in magnetic circuit theory

A Semantic-Based Friend Recommendation System for Large-scale System

Informal community locales have pulled in a large number of clients with the social revolution in Web 2.0 . Most informal organization sites depend on individuals' vicinity on the social diagram for friends suggestion. Existing work have a tendency to present Match Maker, a cooperative filtering friend recommendation system supported temperament matching. The goal of Match Maker is to leverage the social data and mutual affection among individuals in existing social network connections,and turn out friend recommendations supported made discourse information from people’s physical world interactions. Matcher permits users’ network to match them with similar TV characters, and uses relationships within the TV programs as parallel comparison matrix to recommend to the users friends that are voted to suit their temperament the most effective. The system’s ranking schema permits progressive improvement on the temperament matching, accord and a lot of various branching of users’ social network connections. Lastly, our user study shows that the appliance can even induce a lot of TV content consumption by driving users’ curiosity within the ranking method

The effect of chloramphenicol on ascorbic acid contents of Lamellidens corrianus (lea) and Parreysia cylindrica (Annandale and Prashad).

Lethal and sublethal exposure of chloramphenicol, one of the broad spectrum antibiotics, changed the ascorbic acid level in various tissues of the freshwater bivalves, L. corrianus and P. cylindrica.  The acute dose of chloramphenicol (LC50/2) 470.37PPM was given to L. corrianus and 369.09PPM to P. cylindrica up to 96 hours.  The chronic (LC50/10) concentrations used were 94.07 PPM and 73.81 PPM for L. corrianus and P. cylindrica respectively. up to 21 days.  The ascorbic acid contents were estimated in mantle, gill, foot, testis, ovary, whole body and digestive gland after 24 and 96 hours of acute and 7, 14 and 21 days of chronic exposure.The level of ascorbic acid showed decrease in gill and whole body exposed to chloramphenicol in L. corrianus.  The maximum decrease was observed in foot of L. corrianus while in P. cylindrica there was increase in ascorbic acid contents after chronic exposure of chloramphenicol.  The maximum ascorbic acid content was observed in mantle and lowest in digestive gland. In P. cylindrica maximum decrease was showed by digestive gland after chronic exposure of chloramphenicol

Effect of L-Ascorbic Acid on the Glycogen Contents During Mercury Intoxication in the Freshwater Bivalve, Parreysia Cylindrica

Freshwater bivalve, Parreysia cylindrica was exposed to acute (0.6 ppm) and chronic (0.12 ppm) doses of HgCl2 and HgCl2 with several concentrations of ascorbic acid. Glycogen contents from mantle, foot, gills, gonads and digestive glands were estimated after 24 hours and 96 hours of acute and 7 days and 21 days of chronic exposure from each group of test animals. Depletion of glycogen contents in different tissues caused due to mercury stress was much more as compared to those exposed to HgCl2 with ascorbic acid