Aspectos motivacionales en el abandono y regreso a la actividad física

El objetivo del presente estudio es conocer las causas más frecuentes por las que los adolescentes abandonan la práctica de actividad física, así como, las causas y motivación de su regreso, sus consecuencias y emociones que le generó el abandono y el regreso a la actividad física. Se presenta un estudio no experimental, de tipo transversal. Atendiendo al tipo de variables utilizadas es de tipo cuantitativo y según el nivel de investigación es descriptivo-correlacional. Participaron 70 sujetos (35 mujeres y 35 hombres) con un rango de edad de 12 a 18 años, que asisten a realizar ejercicio físico en el CEDECO (Centro De Desarrollo Comunitario) y CARE (Centro de Alto Rendimiento) de Nuevo León. La mayoría de los participantes del estudio aludieron su abandono por que no le gustó la actividad física que realizaba y el principal motivo por el que se regresaron es porque les gusta realizar actividad física. Al abandonar la mayoría de los sujetos mencionaron que tuvieron problemas de integración a la sociedad y comenzaron a realizar actividades nocivas para la salud como beber y fumar. Al regresar a la actividad física la mayoría de los sujetos experimentaron un mejor estado de ánimo y autoestima. Las personas que abandonaron volvieron a realizar actividad física por la regulación de tipo identificada, la cual incrementó a medida que se tenía más años de abandono. ABSTRACT The main goal of this study is to determine the most common reasons why teens drop out of physical activity as well as the causes and motivation of his return, its consequences and emotions that led to the abandonment and the return to physical activity. A non-experimental and transversal study is presented. According to the type of variables used it is quantitative and the level of research is descriptive - correlational. The study included 70 subjects (35 women and 35 men) with an age range of 12-18 years; these people attend physical exercise in CEDECO and CARE de Nuevo León. Most study participants alluded its abandonment because they did not like physical activity performed and the main reason they came back is because they like physical activity. Leaving the physical activity, most of the subjects mentioned that they had problems integrating into society and began conducting activities harmful to health as drinking and smoking. Upon returning to physical activity, most subjects experienced a better mood and self-esteem. People who left the physical activity, returned to practice identified by regulation type, which increased as it had more years of neglec

Seroepidemiology of \u3cem\u3eSarcocystis neurona\u3c/em\u3e and \u3cem\u3eNeospora hughesi\u3c/em\u3e Infections in Domestic Donkeys (\u3cem\u3eEquus asinus\u3c/em\u3e) in Durango, Mexico

There is currently no information regarding Sarcocystis neurona and Neospora hughesi infections in donkeys in Mexico. Here, we determined the presence of antibodies against S. neurona and N. hughesi in donkeys in the northern Mexican state of Durango. Serum samples of 239 domestic donkeys (Equus asinus) were assayed for S. neurona and N. hughesi antibodies using home-made enzyme-linked immunoassays; six (2.5%) of the 239 donkeys tested seropositive for S. neurona. The seroprevalence of S. neurona infection was comparable among donkeys regardless of their origin, health status, or sex. Multivariate analysis showed that seropositivity to S. neurona was associated with increased age (OR = 2.95; 95% CI: 1.11-7.82; p = 0.02). Antibodies to N. hughesi were found in two (0.8%) of the 239 donkeys. Both exposed donkeys were healthy, 3- and 6-year-old females. This is the first evidence of S. neurona and N. hughesi infections in donkeys in Mexico

Diagnosis of Bitcoin Knowledge in Mexico

El Bitcoin es una criptomoneda creada en 2009 por su seudónimo creador Satoshi Nakamoto, es una moneda virtual e intangible, no la podemos tocar como a los billetes y monedas que se utilizan en el día a día, pero el Bitocoin también puede ser utilizado como un método de pago al igual que estos. Por medio de esta investigación se pretende dar a conocer los conceptos básicos sobre el Bitcoin, para que el público en general los conozca y ya no exista una desconfianza o desconocimiento hacia esta criptomoneda y hacia las demás criptomonedas que existen.Bitcoin is a cryptocurrency created in 2009 by its creator pseudonym Satoshi Nakamoto, it is a virtual and intangible currency, we cannot touch it like the bills and coins that are used on a daily basis, but Bitcoin can also be used as a payment method just like these. Through this research, it is intended to make known the basic concepts about Bitcoin, so that the general public knows them and there is no longer a distrust or ignorance towards this cryptocurrency and towards the other cryptocurrencies that exis

Genetic Tracing of Jatropha

Jatropha curcas L. (Jatropha), a shrub species of the family Euphorbiaceae, has been recognized as a promising biofuel plant for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. However, recent attempts at commercial cultivation in Africa and Asia have failed because of low productivity. It is important to elucidate genetic diversity and relationship in worldwide Jatropha genetic resources for breeding of better commercial cultivars. Here, genetic diversity was analyzed by using 246 accessions from Mesoamerica, Africa and Asia, based on 59 simple sequence repeat markers and eight retrotransposon-based insertion polymorphism markers. We found that central Chiapas of Mexico possesses the most diverse genetic resources, and the Chiapas Central Depression could be the center of origin. We identified three genetic groups in Mesoamerica, whose distribution revealed a distinct geographic cline. One of them consists mainly of accessions from central Chiapas. This suggests that it represents the original genetic group. We found two Veracruz accessions in another group, whose ancestors might be shipped from Port of Veracruz to the Old World, to be the source of all African and Asian Jatropha. Our results suggest the human selection that caused low productivity in Africa and Asia, and also breeding strategies to improve African and Asian Jatropha. Cultivars improved in the productivity will contribute to expand mass commercial cultivation of Jatropha in Africa and Asia to increase biofuel production, and finally will support in the battle against the climate change

Genetic diversity of sweet sorghum germplasm in Mexico using AFLP and SSR markers

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a diversidade e as relações genéticas entre linhagens e variedades de sorgo sacarino (Sorghum bicolor) do banco de germoplasma do Instituto Nacional de Investigações Florestais, Agrícolas e Pecuárias, México, por meio de marcadores AFLP e SSR. Os marcadores moleculares revelaram robustez dos perfis de amplificação e permitiram diferenciar os 41 genótipos de sorgo sacarino avaliados. A análise da frequência e da distribuição dos fragmentos polimórficos permitiu detectar alelos únicos (AFLP) e raros (SSR) em diversos genótipos (RBSS‑8, RBSS‑9, RBSS‑25, RBSS‑32 e RBSS‑37), o que indica que estes marcadores podem estar associados a uma característica que ainda não foi determinada ou podem ser úteis para a identificação destes genótipos. As relações genéticas indicaram a presença de pelo menos dois tipos de sorgo sacarino: um grupo de genótipos modernos usados para a produção de açúcar e biocombustíveis, e outro grupo formado por genótipos antigos e modernos utilizados para a produção de xaropes. Genótipos de sorgo sacarino podem ser usados para o desenvolvimento de novas variedades com maior conteúdo de açúcar e caldo.The objective of this work was to evaluate the diversity and genetic relationships between lines and varieties of the sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) germplasm bank of the National Institute for Forestry, Agriculture and Livestock Research, Mexico, using AFLP and SSR markers. The molecular markers revealed robust amplification profiles and were able to differentiate the 41 genotypes of sweet sorghum evaluated. Analysis of the frequency and distribution of polymorphic fragments allowed for the detection of unique (AFLP) and rare (SSR) alleles in several genotypes (RBSS‑8, RBSS‑9, RBSS‑25, RBSS‑32, and RBSS‑37), indicating that these markers may be associated with a feature that has not yet been determined or may be useful for the identification of these genotypes. The genetic relationships indicated the presence of at least two types of sweet sorghum: a group of modern genotypes used for sugar and biofuel production, and another group consisting of historic and modern genotypes used for the production of syrups. Sweet sorghum genotypes may be used to develop new varieties with higher sugar and juice contents

Genetic tracing of Jatropha curcas L. From its mesoamerican origin to the world

Jatropha curcas L. (Jatropha), a shrub species of the family Euphorbiaceae, has been recognized as a promising biofuel plant for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. However, recent attempts at commercial cultivation in Africa and Asia have failed because of low productivity. It is important to elucidate genetic diversity and relationship in worldwide Jatropha genetic resources for breeding of better commercial cultivars. Here, genetic diversity was analyzed by using 246 accessions from Mesoamerica, Africa and Asia, based on 59 simple sequence repeat markers and eight retrotransposonbased insertion polymorphism markers. We found that central Chiapas of Mexico possesses the most diverse genetic resources, and the Chiapas Central Depression could be the center of origin. We identified three genetic groups in Mesoamerica, whose distribution revealed a distinct geographic cline. One of them consists mainly of accessions from central Chiapas. This suggests that it represents the original genetic group. We found two Veracruz accessions in another group, whose ancestors might be shipped from Port of Veracruz to the Old World, to be the source of all African and Asian Jatropha. Our results suggest the human selection that caused low productivity in Africa and Asia, and also breeding strategies to improve African and Asian Jatropha. Cultivars improved in the productivity will contribute to expand mass commercial cultivation of Jatropha in Africa and Asia to increase biofuel production, and finally will support in the battle against the climate change.Li H, Tsuchimoto S, Harada K, Yamasaki M, Sakai H, Wada N, Alipour A, Sasai T, Tsunekawa A,Tsujimoto H, Ando T, Tomemori H, Sato S, Hirakawa H, Quintero VP, Zamarripa A, Santos P, Hegazy A, Ali AM and Fukui K (2017) GeneticTracing of Jatropha curcas L. from Its Mesoamerican Origin to the World. Front. Plant Sci. 8:1539.doi: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01539

Canagliflozin and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy

BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of kidney failure worldwide, but few effective long-term treatments are available. In cardiovascular trials of inhibitors of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2), exploratory results have suggested that such drugs may improve renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS In this double-blind, randomized trial, we assigned patients with type 2 diabetes and albuminuric chronic kidney disease to receive canagliflozin, an oral SGLT2 inhibitor, at a dose of 100 mg daily or placebo. All the patients had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 30 to <90 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 of body-surface area and albuminuria (ratio of albumin [mg] to creatinine [g], >300 to 5000) and were treated with renin–angiotensin system blockade. The primary outcome was a composite of end-stage kidney disease (dialysis, transplantation, or a sustained estimated GFR of <15 ml per minute per 1.73 m2), a doubling of the serum creatinine level, or death from renal or cardiovascular causes. Prespecified secondary outcomes were tested hierarchically. RESULTS The trial was stopped early after a planned interim analysis on the recommendation of the data and safety monitoring committee. At that time, 4401 patients had undergone randomization, with a median follow-up of 2.62 years. The relative risk of the primary outcome was 30% lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group, with event rates of 43.2 and 61.2 per 1000 patient-years, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59 to 0.82; P=0.00001). The relative risk of the renal-specific composite of end-stage kidney disease, a doubling of the creatinine level, or death from renal causes was lower by 34% (hazard ratio, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.81; P<0.001), and the relative risk of end-stage kidney disease was lower by 32% (hazard ratio, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.86; P=0.002). The canagliflozin group also had a lower risk of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.95; P=0.01) and hospitalization for heart failure (hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.80; P<0.001). There were no significant differences in rates of amputation or fracture. CONCLUSIONS In patients with type 2 diabetes and kidney disease, the risk of kidney failure and cardiovascular events was lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group at a median follow-up of 2.62 years

COMPETITIVIDAD DE LA HIGUERILLA (Ricinus communis) PARA BIOCOMBUSTIBLE EN RELACIÓN A LOS CULTIVOS ACTUALES EN EL EDO. DE OAXACA, MÉXICO

Before the current problem of global warming by high emissions of CO to the atmosphere, as 2 well as the scarcity and cost of fossil energy such as oil, coal and gas, has become important search and use of alternate sources of fuel. The main plant species that can provide biofuels are cane sugar, sorghum, corn, among others for ethanol; soybean, sunflower and groundnut, among others for biodiesel; However the use of food grains has caused higher prices of food, so it is required to seek alternative species to produce biofuels that do not compete with the staple crops. One of the promising species by its high genetic diversity and production capacity of oil of excellent quality as an input for biodiesel is Higuerilla Ricinus communis. Mexico, agroecological characteristics has good potential to cultivate this species in an area of almost four million hectares. The State of Oaxaca has an area of great potential for the cultivation of 183,000 hectares, where there are already other crops. The objective of this work was to determine the competitiveness of Higuerilla purposes of biofuel in the Central Valleys of Oaxaca region, compared with crops which are currently carried out. In 2009, through interviews with producers in the District of Zaachila, they collected and quantified the technologies of the producers and conducted a comparative financial analysis through the Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM). The indicators were generated per hectare of total income, total cost, net profit, added value and relation of private cost (RPC). The results indicated the Higuerilla under a system of intercropping with maize, was moderately competitive and profitable with a 0.68 RPC but was overtaken by the bean from temporary with a RPC of 0.4 and maize in irrigation with a RPC of 0.5. This was due to low performance in average stood at 850 kilograms per hectare and the low selling price of five pesos per kilogram. The competitiveness of the higuerilla at producer level showed a trend to insensitivity to changes in the current price of sale in the local market and retrieved current performance, for it can be concluded that in the current conditions of production, the Higuerilla is moderately competitive and profitable. To improve competitiveness, there are two tracks that can be complementary, one of them refers to the momentum of improvements in technology to the production system to significantly increase the productivity and the second relates to the establishment of a sales price of the raw material than the one presented in the local market