Démonstration de l’assistant de viabilité Viaduc pour la gestion participative dans un éco-socio-système

Co-localisées avec la Plate-Forme Intelligence Artificielle (PFIA 2019)International audienceCette note présente le projet de démonstration de l’assistant Viaduc. La démonstration montrera comment l’assistant permet d’analyser la viabilité des proposition d’un utilisateur à partir de ses objectifs et de ses moyens d’action. L’assistant vise à un soutien informatisé à la prise de décisions en matière de gestion collective participative des aires protégées. Ce projet consiste en un assistant pour la négociation permettant aux utilisateurs la formulation d’un projet cohérent, compatible avec ceux des autres utilisateurs, et facilitant la recherche de compromis. Nous proposons d’utiliser les concepts et outils de la théorie mathématique de la viabilité et nous illustrons notre approche avec un modèle de parc marin

Collective management of environmental commons with multiple usages: a guaranteed viability approach

In this paper we address the collective management of environmental commons with multiple usages in the framework of the mathematical viability theory. We consider that the stakeholders can derive from the study of their own socioeconomic problem the variables describing their different usages of the commons and its evolution, and a representation of the desirable states for the commons. We then consider the guaranteed viability kernel, subset of the set of desirable states where it is possible to maintain the state of the commons even when its evolution is represented by several conflicting models. This approach is illustrated on a problem of lake eutrophication.Comment: 22 pages, 4 figure

Decision-making and negotiation assistant using viability analysis - An application to the participatory management of protected areas

La bonne gestion des espaces partagés impose de tenir compte de la multiplicité des parties prenantes qui ont chacune leurs valeurs et leurs objectifs. Elle est soumise à deux problèmes récurrents. Le premier est l’absence de consensus, le second est un consensus sur une solution inefficace dans sa réponse aux problèmes soulevés. Combiner l’aspect participatif avec une aide technique permet d’aborder chacun des deux aspects. Il est possible à la fois d’aider les acteurs dans la prise de décision, tout en aiguillant leur raisonnement vers un résultat cohérent. Afin de fournir une aide technique, nous choisissons d’utiliser la théorie de la viabilité qui propose aux utilisateurs de définir un ensemble de contraintes regroupant les intérêts et objectifs de chacun. Cette méthode possède deux avantages. D’une part, il n’est plus nécessaire d’agréger ou de hiérarchiser les critères. D’autre part, la viabilité permet la prise en compte d’un horizon temporel infini, impliquant le respect de l’équité intergénérationnelle. De plus, nous nous inspirons des techniques utilisées pour la conception de jeux sérieux afin de conférer un aspect éducatif et de sensibilisation à notre outil pour la gestion participative. Ce travail de thèse est axé sur la conception, le développement et l’étude de l’impact d’un outil pour la gestion participative basé sur la théorie de la viabilité. Nous avons implémenté un prototype d’assistant informatique concrétisant les idées proposées dans la thèse. Puis, nous avons mené une première expérimentation de son utilisation afin d’analyser son intérêt et les avantages apportés à la décision et à la négociation. Cette évaluation nous a permis d’étudier l’influence de cet outil sous l’angle de l’aide à décision, de l’aide à la négociation et de la sensibilisation aux enjeux soulevés par le partage des ressources. Une application inspirée du cas des réserves extractivistes brésiliennes nous a permis d’illustrer cette démarche.Good management of shared spaces requires taking into account the multiplicity of stakeholders who each have their own values and objectives. It is subject to two recurring problems. The first is the lack of consensus, the second is a consensus on an ineffective solution in its response to the problems raised. Combining the participatory aspect with technical assistance makes it possible to address both aspects. It is possible both to help the actors in the decision-making process, while at the same time directing their reasoning towards a coherent result. In order to provide technical assistance, we choose to use the theory of viability, which proposes to users to define a set of constraints grouping the interests and objectives of each. This method has two advantages. On the one hand, it is no longer necessary to aggregate or prioritise the criteria. On the other hand, viability allows an infinite time horizon to be taken into account, implying respect for intergenerational equity. Moreover, we draw inspiration from the techniques used for the design of serious games in order to give an educational and awareness-raising aspect to our tool for participatory management. This thesis work focuses on the design, development and impact study of a tool for participatory management based on viability theory. We have implemented a prototype of an IT assistant that gives concrete form to the ideas proposed in the thesis. Then we conducted a first experimentation of its use in order to analyse its interest and the benefits brought to decision making and negotiation. This evaluation allowed us to assess the influence of this tool from the point of view of decision support, negotiation support and awareness of the issues raised by resource sharing. An application inspired by the case of Brazilian extractive reservation allowed us to illustrate this approach

Assistant de décision et de négociation par analyse de viabilité - Application à la gestion participative d’espaces protégés

Good management of shared spaces requires taking into account the multiplicity of stakeholders who each have their own values and objectives. It is subject to two recurring problems. The first is the lack of consensus, the second is a consensus on an ineffective solution in its response to the problems raised. Combining the participatory aspect with technical assistance makes it possible to address both aspects. It is possible both to help the actors in the decision-making process, while at the same time directing their reasoning towards a coherent result. In order to provide technical assistance, we choose to use the theory of viability, which proposes to users to define a set of constraints grouping the interests and objectives of each. This method has two advantages. On the one hand, it is no longer necessary to aggregate or prioritise the criteria. On the other hand, viability allows an infinite time horizon to be taken into account, implying respect for intergenerational equity. Moreover, we draw inspiration from the techniques used for the design of serious games in order to give an educational and awareness-raising aspect to our tool for participatory management. This thesis work focuses on the design, development and impact study of a tool for participatory management based on viability theory. We have implemented a prototype of an IT assistant that gives concrete form to the ideas proposed in the thesis. Then we conducted a first experimentation of its use in order to analyse its interest and the benefits brought to decision making and negotiation. This evaluation allowed us to assess the influence of this tool from the point of view of decision support, negotiation support and awareness of the issues raised by resource sharing. An application inspired by the case of Brazilian extractive reservation allowed us to illustrate this approach.La bonne gestion des espaces partagés impose de tenir compte de la multiplicité des parties prenantes qui ont chacune leurs valeurs et leurs objectifs. Elle est soumise à deux problèmes récurrents. Le premier est l’absence de consensus, le second est un consensus sur une solution inefficace dans sa réponse aux problèmes soulevés. Combiner l’aspect participatif avec une aide technique permet d’aborder chacun des deux aspects. Il est possible à la fois d’aider les acteurs dans la prise de décision, tout en aiguillant leur raisonnement vers un résultat cohérent. Afin de fournir une aide technique, nous choisissons d’utiliser la théorie de la viabilité qui propose aux utilisateurs de définir un ensemble de contraintes regroupant les intérêts et objectifs de chacun. Cette méthode possède deux avantages. D’une part, il n’est plus nécessaire d’agréger ou de hiérarchiser les critères. D’autre part, la viabilité permet la prise en compte d’un horizon temporel infini, impliquant le respect de l’équité intergénérationnelle. De plus, nous nous inspirons des techniques utilisées pour la conception de jeux sérieux afin de conférer un aspect éducatif et de sensibilisation à notre outil pour la gestion participative. Ce travail de thèse est axé sur la conception, le développement et l’étude de l’impact d’un outil pour la gestion participative basé sur la théorie de la viabilité. Nous avons implémenté un prototype d’assistant informatique concrétisant les idées proposées dans la thèse. Puis, nous avons mené une première expérimentation de son utilisation afin d’analyser son intérêt et les avantages apportés à la décision et à la négociation. Cette évaluation nous a permis d’étudier l’influence de cet outil sous l’angle de l’aide à décision, de l’aide à la négociation et de la sensibilisation aux enjeux soulevés par le partage des ressources. Une application inspirée du cas des réserves extractivistes brésiliennes nous a permis d’illustrer cette démarche

Viaduc : Un assistant de viabilité pour la négociation dans un éco-socio-système

Co-localisées avec la Plate-Forme Intelligence Artificielle (PFIA 2019)International audienceIn this paper, we introduce our current research project aimed at computer-based support for decision making in the participatory management of protected areas. This project consists of an assistant that allows users to formulate a self-consistent project, compatible with those of other stakeholders, and facilitates the search for compromises. We propose to use the concepts and tools of the mathematical viability theory and we illustrate our approach with a marine park model.Dans cet article, nous présentons notre projet de recherche qui vise à un soutien informatisé à la prise de décisions en matière de gestion collective participative des aires protégées. Ce projet consiste en un assistant pour la négociation permettant aux utilisateurs la formulation d'un projet cohérent, compatible avec ceux des autres utilisateurs, et facilitant la recherche de compromis. Nous proposons d'utiliser les concepts et outils de la théorie mathématique de la viabilité et nous illustrons notre approche avec un modèle de parc marin

Cost-effectiveness of acupuncture versus standard care for pelvic and low back pain in pregnancy: A randomized controlled trial

<div><p>Objective</p><p>To assess the cost-effectiveness of acupuncture for pelvic girdle and low back pain (PGLBP) during pregnancy.</p><p>Design</p><p>Pragmatic-open-label randomised controlled trial.</p><p>Setting</p><p>Five maternity hospitals</p><p>Population</p><p>Pregnant women with PGLBP</p><p>Method</p><p>1:1 randomization to standard care or standard care plus acupuncture (5 sessions by an acupuncturist midwife).</p><p>Main outcome measure</p><p>Efficacy: proportion of days with self-assessed pain by numerical rating scale (NRS) ≤ 4/10. Cost effectiveness (societal viewpoint, time horizon: pregnancy): incremental cost per days with NRS ≤ 4/10. Indirect non-healthcare costs included daily compensations for sick leave and productivity loss caused by absenteeism or presenteeism.</p><p>Results</p><p>96 women were allocated to acupuncture and 103 to standard care (total 199). The proportion of days with NRS ≤ 4/10 was greater in the acupuncture group than in the standard care group (61% vs 48%, p = 0.007). The mean Oswestry disability score was lower in the acupuncture group than with standard care alone (33 versus 38, Δ = 5, 95% CI: 0.8 to 9, p = 0.02). Average total costs were higher in the control group (€2947) than in the acupuncture group (€2635, Δ = —€312, 95% CI: -966 to +325), resulting from the higher indirect costs of absenteeism and presenteeism. Acupuncture was a dominant strategy when both healthcare and non-healthcare costs were included. Costs for the health system (employer and out-of-pocket costs excluded) were slightly higher for acupuncture (€1512 versus €1452, Δ = €60, 95% CI: -272 to +470).</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>Acupuncture was a dominant strategy when accounting for employer costs. A 100% probability of cost-effectiveness was obtained for a willingness to pay of €100 per days with pain NRS ≤ 4.</p></div

Feasibility and efficacy of a supervised home-based physical exercise program for metastatic cancer patients receiving oral targeted therapy: study protocol for the phase II/III - UNICANCER SdS 01 QUALIOR trial

International audienceBackground: Currently, oral targeted therapies are known to be effective and are frequently used to treat metastatic cancer patients, but fatigue is a frequently reported early side effect of these treatments. This fatigue may impact the patient’s treatment adherence and result in a negative impact on quality of life. Physical exercise significantly improved the general well-being and quality of life of advanced cancer patients. However, there is no specific physical activity program adapted for patients with advanced disease. Methods QUALIOR is a two-part, randomized, open-label, and multicenter with two arms phase II/III trial. Patients (phase II: n = 120; phase III: n = 312) with metastatic cancer (breast cancer, kidney cancer, lung cancer, and other cancers [including but not limited to colon cancer, melanoma, sarcoma, or hepatocarcinoma]) treated with a first- or second-line oral targeted therapy without chemotherapy will be included. Patients will be randomized (2:1) to a 3-month supervised home-based standardized physical activity program or to a recommended adapted physical activity (via a booklet). The primary objective of the phase II is to evaluate the feasibility of the supervised program. The primary objective of the phase III is the evaluation of the benefit of the supervised home-based program compare to the recommended program in terms of fatigue and quality of life at 3 months. The secondary objectives aim to evaluate the impact of the supervised program on fatigue over time, pain, physical capacities, psychosocial and cognitive functions, general quality of life, frequency of dose reduction and patients’ adherence to the targeted therapy, overall survival, and progression-free survival. This study will also evaluate the medico-economic impact of supervised program compared to the recommended adapted physical activity program. Discussion The aim of this study is to evaluate home-based physical exercise program for metastatic cancer patients treated with oral targeted therapies to help patients to cope with fatigue and improve quality of life. Trial registration This trial was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov since May 2017 ( NCT03169075 )