Datos normativos del Sistema Internacional de Imágenes Afectivas (IAPS) en una muestra argentina

The aim of this study was to validate in Argentinean sample six sets of images from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS). Participants were 524 participants (246 men and 278 women) who assessed valence, arousal and control, through the Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM), in 358 images belonging to sets 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 14 of the IAPS. The results show a distribution of the images as a boomerang in the affective space defined by the dimensions of valence and activation. These results are consistent with those found in other countries (United States, Spain, Chile and Colombia, among others). More dispersion and less inclination were observed in the positive pole than in the negative one. Significant differences between men and women were also observed, women showed greater activation and less dominance. The absence of differences in valence dimension supports this dimension as the main axis around which emotions are organized.El objetivo de este estudio fue validar en una muestra argentina seis conjuntos de imágenes del International Affective Picture System (IAPS). Los 524 participantes (246 hombres y 278 mujeres) evaluaron las dimensiones de valencia, activación y control, utilizando el Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM), en 358 imágenes pertenecientes a los sets 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 14 del IAPS. Los resultados, en consonancia con los estudios realizados en Estados Unidos, España, Chile y Colombia entre otros, muestran una distribución de las imágenes en forma de boomerang en el espacio afectivo definido por las dimensiones de valencia y activación. Se observa una mayor dispersión y menor inclinación en el polo positivo que en el polo negativo. También se hallaron diferencias significativas entre hombres y mujeres, observándose una mayor activación y menor control en las mujeres. La ausencia de diferencias en la dimensión valencia sostiene a esta dimensión como eje principal sobre el cual se organizan las emociones

Datos normativos del Sistema Internacional de Imágenes Afectivas (IAPS) en una muestra argentina

The aim of this study was to validate in Argentinean sample six sets of images from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS). Participants were 524 participants (246 men and 278 women) who assessed valence, arousal and control, through the Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM), in 358 images belonging to sets 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 14 of the IAPS. The results show a distribution of the images as a boomerang in the affective space defined by the dimensions of valence and activation. These results are consistent with those found in other countries (United States, Spain, Chile and Colombia, among others). More dispersion and less inclination were observed in the positive pole than in the negative one. Significant differences between men and women were also observed, women showed greater activation and less dominance. The absence of differences in valence dimension supports this dimension as the main axis around which emotions are organized.El objetivo de este estudio fue validar en una muestra argentina seis conjuntos de imágenes del International Affective Picture System (IAPS). Los 524 participantes (246 hombres y 278 mujeres) evaluaron las dimensiones de valencia, activación y control, utilizando el Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM), en 358 imágenes pertenecientes a los sets 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 14 del IAPS. Los resultados, en consonancia con los estudios realizados en Estados Unidos, España, Chile y Colombia entre otros, muestran una distribución de las imágenes en forma de boomerang en el espacio afectivo definido por las dimensiones de valencia y activación. Se observa una mayor dispersión y menor inclinación en el polo positivo que en el polo negativo. También se hallaron diferencias significativas entre hombres y mujeres, observándose una mayor activación y menor control en las mujeres. La ausencia de diferencias en la dimensión valencia sostiene a esta dimensión como eje principal sobre el cual se organizan las emociones

Rac1/p21-activated kinase pathway controls retinoblastoma protein phosphorylation and E2F transcription factor activation in B lymphocytes

Small GTPases of the Ras superfamily are capable of activating E2F-dependent transcription leading to cell proliferation, but the molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. In this study, using immortalized chicken DT40 B cell lines to investigate the role of the Vav/Rac signalling cascade on B cell proliferation, it is shown that the proliferative response triggered by B cell receptor activation is dramatically reduced in the absence of Vav3 expression. Analysis of this proliferative defect shows that in the absence of Vav3 expression, retinoblastoma protein (RB) phosphorylation and the subsequent E2F activation do not take place. By combining pharmacological and genetic approaches, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase and phospholipase Cγ2 (PLCγ2) were identified as the key regulatory signalling molecules upstream of the Vav3/Rac pathway leading to RB phosphorylation and E2F transcription factor activation. Additionally, vav3(-/-) and plcγ2(-/-) DT40 B cells were not able to activate the RB-E2F complex wild-type phenotype when these genetically modified cells were transfected with constitutively active forms of RhoA or Cdc42. However, when these knockout cells were transfected with different constitutively active versions of PLCγ, Vav or Rac1, not only activation of the RB-E2F complex wild-type phenotype was recovered but also the cellular proliferation. Furthermore, by evaluating the effect of two known effector mutants of Rac1 (Rac1(Q61L/F37A) and Rac1(Q61L/Y40C)), the RB-E2F complex activation dependency on p21-activated kinase (PAK) and protein kinase Cε (PKCε) activities was established, being independent of both actin cytoskeleton reorganization and Ras activity. These results suggest that PAK1 and PKCε may be potential therapeutic targets to stop uncontrolled B cell proliferation mediated by the Vav/Rac pathway.Fil: Zaldua, Natalia. Bizkaia Science and Technology Park; EspañaFil: LLavero, Francisco. Universidad del País Vasco; España. Bizkaia Science and Technology Park; EspañaFil: Artaso, Alain. Universidad del País Vasco; EspañaFil: Gálvez, Patricia. Technological Park of Health Sciences; EspañaFil: Lacerda, Hadriano M.. Bizkaia Science and Technology Park; EspañaFil: Parada, Luis Antonio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Patología Experimental. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud. Instituto de Patología Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Zugaza, José L.. Universidad del País Vasco; España. Bizkaia Science and Technology Park; Españ

Effect of selective cholinergic denervation on the serotonergic system: implications for learning and memory

The cholinergic system has been widely implicated in cognitive processes and cholinergic loss is a classical hallmark in Alzheimer disease. Increasing evidence supports a role of the serotonergic system in cognition, possibly through a modulation of cholinergic activity. We compared selective cholinergic denervation by administration of the immunotoxin 192 IgG-saporin in the nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM) with intracerebroventricular (ICV) lesions of the basal forebrain in male rats 7 days after lesioning. NBM lesions induced significant changes in cholinergic markers in the frontal cortex, whereas ICV lesions produced significant decreases in cholinergic markers both in the frontal cortex and hippocampus. Only ICV lesions lead to memory impairments in passive avoidance and Morris water maze tasks. Both models lead to reductions of serotonin levels in the frontal cortex. Similar changes in 5-hydroxytriptophan levels were observed, suggesting a downregulation of the rate-limiting enzyme for the synthesis of serotonin along with the cholinergic deficit. Neither 5-HT1A nor 5-HT1B receptors seem to mediate this process. These data imply that the serotonergic system in the frontal cortex can compensate for diminished cholinergic function and support the investigation of the serotonergic system as a therapeutic target to treat Alzheimer disease