Romanticism in Works of Su Manshu and Yu Dafu: National Characteristics

The article examines the literary movement of romanticism as a creative method employed by Su Manshu and Yu Dafu, two Chinese writers of the first half of the 20th century. The novelty of the research lies in the comparative analysis of the works of these two popular literati, whose prose had a significant influence on the formation of modern Chinese literature. It is reported that the interest of Chinese writers in romantic sentiments was fueled by their exposure to European literature through translations into Japanese and Chinese. Both writers referred to themselves as romantics, but their reasons for being drawn to this artistic method were different. Su Manshu was captivated by the new genre features, such as biographies written from the author’s perspective rather than focusing solely on historical figures, which was sanctioned by traditional literature. Yu Dafu was attracted to the romantic artistic style for its ability to employ unconventional expressive means in Chinese literature. At the same time, the romantic compositions of both writers carry markers of national identity. For Su Manshu, this is evident in the portrayal of female characters, while for Yu Dafu, it is manifested in the use of nature imagery to convey the mood of the characters. The article highlights that the development of romanticism in Chinese literature has been insufficiently studied by Russian sinologists and holds prospects for further research

Ways of optimizing medical services for children at educational institutions under the Health Care system reform in Ukraine.

Aim – scientific substantiation of the ways to optimize preventive childhood medicine under the health care system reform in Ukraine. The medical, sanitary and epidemiological conditions of children’s stay were studied at 147 schools in five oblasts of Ukraine and the city of Kyiv. The following methods were used: system analysis, analytical, mathematical and statistical, bibliosemantic, modeling and expert assessments. The results of an expert assessment (224 specialists) on the optimization of medical services for schoolchildren were analyzed. The main risk factors for schoolchildren staying at educational institutions were identified: daily routine failure, non-compliance with the hygiene requirements for the premises where the educational process is carried out, as well as failure in food and water quality and safety. The levels of medical observation provision were analyzed. There were suggested two ways of maintaining the role of medical personnel in preserving and enhancing the health of schoolchildren: involving doctors of primary care centers of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine and creating an autonomous medical service in the institutions of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine in accordance with the current licensing requirements. The issues of prevention and promotion of children's health, including schoolchildren, are one of the key aspects of the training of medical personnel at all stages. Such programs need to be modernized on the basis of a competency approach, taking into account the current needs of the health care system and the best international experience in resolving these issues

Isolation of Mn(II), Fe(III), Cu(II) and Ni(II) ions on strongly acidic cation-exchange resins followed by determination of inorganic arsenic by anodic stripping voltammetry

The possibility of ion exchange technique with of IC-H Hypersep cartridge (Metrohm, Switzerland), sulfonated cation-exchange resins KU-2-8 (Russia) and Purolite C100 (UK) has been shown for ion separation of Mn (II), Fe(III), Cu(II) and Ni(II) ions from arsenite and arsenate ions. The conditions for ion-exchange removal of interfering cations in water when determining different arsenic(III, V) by stripping voltammetry have been optimized. The KU-2-8 cation-exchange resin based cartridge was found to be appropriate for use in the proposed sample preparation for water. The developed technique of analysis has been applied for the separated determination of inorganic arsenic forms in waters of different origin by anodic stripping voltammetry. The correctness of experimental results has been confirmed by the standard addition method

Subjective Well-Being of Russian Female Personnel as an Indicator of Socio-Psychological Age

The present work is theoretical and empirical research on the socio-psycho- logical age of female personnel at enterprises with different organizational cultures. The main indicators of socio-psychological age include the level of commitment to organizational values, readiness for organizational changes, involvement in labor activity, and fatigue. The respondents are female employees of two large industrial enterprises. The female personnel working in a market-hierarchical type of organizational culture with an expressed innovative component reflect characteristics of a younger socio-psychological age while those working at an enterprise with a hierarchical-clan type of organizational culture display characteristics of a more senior socio-psychological age

Применение вегетационных индексов для оценки состояния сельскохозяйственных культур

Monitoring of the state of agricultural crops and forecasting the crops development begin with aerial photography using a unmanned aerial vehicles and a multispectral camera. Vegetation indexes are selected empirically and calculated as a result of operations with values of diff erent spectral wavelengths. When assessing the state of crops, especially in breeding, it is necessary to determine the limiting factors for the use of vegetation indexes.(Research purpose) To analyze, evaluate and select vegetation indexes for conducting operational, high-quality and comprehensive monitoring of the state of crops and the formation of optimal management decisions.(Materials and Methods) The authors studied the results of scientifi c research in the fi eld of remote sensing technology using unmanned aerial vehicles and multispectral cameras, as well as the experience of using vegetation indexes to assess the condition of crops in the precision farming system. The limiting factors for the vegetation indexes research were determined: a limited number of monochrome cameras in popular multispectral cameras; key indicators for monitoring crops required by agronomists. After processing aerial photographs from an unmanned aerial vehicle, a high-precision orthophotomap, a digital fi eld model, and maps of vegetation indexes were created.(Results and discussion) More than 150 vegetation indexes were found. Not all of them were created through observation and experimentation. The authors considered broadband vegetation indexes to assess the status of crops in the fi elds. They analyzed the vegetation indexes of soybean and winter wheat crops in the main phases of vegetation.(Conclusions) The authors found that each vegetative index had its own specifi c scope, limiting factors and was used both separately and in combination with other indexes. When calculating the vegetation indexes for practical use, it was recommended to be guided by the technical characteristics of multispectral cameras and took into account the index use eff ectiveness at various vegetation stages.Аэрофотосъемку с помощью беспилотных летательных аппаратов и мультиспектральной камеры применяют для мониторинга состояния посевов и прогноза развития сельскохозяйственных культур. В результате операций со значениями различных спектральных длин волн эмпирически подбирают и рассчитывают вегетационные индексы, составляя карты. При оценке состояния посевов необходимо определять лимитирующие факторы применения вегетационных индексов.(Цель исследования) Проанализировать, оценить и выбрать вегетационные индексы для проведения оперативного, качественного и комплексного мониторинга состояния сельскохозяйственных культур и формирования оптимальных управленческих решений.(Материалы и методы) Изучили результаты научных исследований в области технологий дистанционного зондирования с использованием беспилотных летательных аппаратов и мультиспектральных камер, а также опыт применения вегетационных индексов для оценки состояния сельскохозяйственных культур в системе точного земледелия. Определили лимитирующие факторы для исследования вегетационных индексов: ограниченное количество монохромных камер в популярных мультиспектральных камерах; основные показатели для мониторинга сельскохозяйственных культур, необходимые агрономам. После обработки аэрофотоснимков с беспилотного летательного аппарата создали высокоточный ортофотоплан, цифровую модель поля и карты вегетационных индексов.(Результаты и обсуждение) Обнаружили более 150 вегетационных индексов. Не все их них создавались путем наблюдений и экспериментов. Рассмотрели широкополосные вегетационные индексы для оценки состояния посевов на полях. Проанализировали вегетационные индексы посевов сои и озимой пшеницы в основных фазах вегетации.(Выводы) Выявили, что каждый вегетационный индекс имеет свою специфическую сферу применения, ограничивающие факторы и используется как отдельно, так и в комплексе с другими индексами. Рекомендовали при расчете вегетационных индексов для практического применения руководствоваться техническими характеристиками мультиспектральных камер и учитывать эффективность применения индекса на различных стадиях вегетации

Dynamic and Static Exercises Differentially Affect Plasma Cytokine Content in Elite Endurance- and Strength-Trained Athletes and Untrained Volunteers

Extensive exercise increases the plasma content of IL-6, IL-8, IL-15, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), and several other cytokines via their augmented transcription in skeletal muscle cells. However, the relative impact of aerobic and resistant training interventions on cytokine production remains poorly defined. In this study, we compared effects of dynamic and static load on cytokine plasma content in elite strength- and endurance-trained athletes vs. healthy untrained volunteers. The plasma cytokine content was measured before, immediately after, and 30 min post-exercise using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Pedaling on a bicycle ergometer increased IL-6 and IL-8 content in the plasma of trained athletes by about 4- and 2-fold, respectively. In contrast to dynamic load, weightlifting had negligible impact on these parameters in strength exercise-trained athletes. Unlike IL-6 and IL-8, dynamic exercise had no impact on IL-15 and LIF, whereas static load increases the content of these cytokines by ~50%. Two-fold increment of IL-8 content seen in athletes subjected to dynamic exercise was absent in untrained individuals, whereas the ~50% increase in IL-15 triggered by static load in the plasma of weightlifting athletes was not registered in the control group. Thus, our results show the distinct impact of static and dynamic exercises on cytokine content in the plasma of trained athletes. They also demonstrate that both types of exercises differentially affect cytokine content in plasma of athletes and untrained persons

Methods of the determination of inorganic arsenic species by stripping voltammetry in weakly alkaline media

Two methods are considered for the direct determination of trace amounts of As(III) and As(V) in solutions by stripping voltammetry (SVA) using an ensemble of gold microelectrodes (Au-MEA) previously developed by the authors of this paper. In both methods, analyzing a mixture of As(III) and As(V), analysts first record an SVA signal of As(III) in a supporting Na2SO3 electrolyte. To record an analytical SVA signal of As(V), in the first method one should use the reduction of As(V) to As(III) on the surface of an Au-MEA catalyzed by the system Mn(II)/Mn(0) and followed by the formation of As(0) and its anode dissolution. In the second method, the photoreduction of As(V) to As(III) in a Na2SO3 solution is conducted under UV irradiation followed by the reduction of As(III) to As(0) and its electrooxidation on Au-MEA. The two methods are compared taking into account their performance characteristics and interfering ions. To improve the reliability of the results of analysis at an insignificant increase in its cost, we propose the consecutive use of both methods. The procedures are simple and rapid, do not require the removal of dissolved oxygen or toxic reactants, and can be used for the analysis of aqueous solutions at the place of sampling. The results of analyses of real objects, snow, river water, and process solutions are presented