Deformasi Slot Beberapa Produk Braket Stainless Steel Akibat Gaya Torque Pada Kawat Stainless Steel

Deformasi slot braket dapat mengurangi besar gaya torque yang akan dihantarkan ke gigi dan jaringan pendukungnya. Beberapa braket stainless steel yang beredar dipasaran belum pernah diteliti kualitasnya dalam perawatan ortodonsi. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk membandingkan besar gaya torque akibat sudut puntir 30° 45° kawat stainless steel dan deformasi slot permanen akibat gaya torque tersebut antara kelompok merk braket (3M, Biom, Versadent, Ormco dan Shinye). Penelitian dilakukan pada lima puluh braket stainless steel edgewise dari lima kelompok merk braket (n=10) di lem ke akrilik. Masing-masing braket dilakukan pengukuran tinggi slot dengan mikroskop stereoskopi lalu dipasang ke alat uji torque yang sudah dibuat untuk penelitian ini. Setelah dilakukan uji torque, braket di ukur kembali tinggi slotnya dan dibandingkan dengan pengukuran sebelumnya untuk mengetahui adanya deformasi slot. Hasil analisis statistik menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna besar gaya torque pada sudut puntir 30° dan 45° antara Biom dan Shinye dengan Omrco. Gaya torque paling besar yaitu pada merk braket 3M (30°= 442,12 gmcm dan 45°= 567,99 gmcm), sedangkan yang terkecil adalah Biom (30°= 285,50 gmcm, 45°=361,38 gmcm). Perbedaan deformasi slot braket terjadi hampir pada semua kelompok merk braket. Deformasi slot braket hanya terjadi pada merk braket Biom (2,82 µm) dan Shinye (2,52 µm). Kesimpulan, salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi besar gaya torque dan terjadinya deformasi slot yaitu komposisi dan proses manufaktur dari braket stainless steel. Proses manufaktur yang tidak sesuai standar dapat menyebabkan kualitas braket yang buruk. Deformasi slot permanen dalam penelitian ini terjadi pada merek braket Biom dan Shinye.Slot Deformation of Various Stainless Steel Bracket Due to Torque Expression On The Wire. Bracket slot deformation can reduce the amount of torque that will be transmitted to teeth and supporting tissues. The quality of some stainless steel brackets in the market is still questionable for orthodontic treatments. This research aims to compare the amount of torque expression due to torsion angle of 30° and 45° at the stainless steel wire and bracket slot permanent deformation caused by the torque in each examined bracket brands (3M, Biom, Versadent, Ormco and Shinye). Fifty Stainless Steel Edgewise brackets from five different brands (n = 10) were attached onto an acrylic. Each bracket slot width was measured with a stereoscopic microscope and then mounted onto a torque apparatus that had been prepared for this study. Once the torque test was done, the width of bracket slot was re-measured to determine if there was a difference from initial bracket slot width at 45°. The results of ANOVA showed significant differences in the amount of torque at torsion angle of 30°and 45° between Biom and Shinye with Omrco. The 3M transmitted the highest load (30°= 442,12 gmcm and 45°= 567,99 gmcm), while the lowest was of Biom (300 = 285,50 gmcm and 450 = 361,38 gmcm). Differences in slot bracket deformation were found virtually in all groups of bracket brands. Deformation of bracket slots occurs only in Biom (2.82 µm) and Shinye (2.52 µm). From the observation, it is concluded that one of the major factors that affect torque and deformation of bracket slot is composition and manufacturing process of the stainless steel brackets. Manufacturing process that does not meet the standard can lead to a poor quality bracket. Permanent slot deformation in this study occurrs with Biom and Shinye bracket brands

Psychological interventions in asthma

Asthma is a multifactorial chronic respiratory disease characterised by recurrent episodes of airway obstruction. The current management of asthma focuses principally on pharmacological treatments, which have a strong evidence base underlying their use. However, in clinical practice, poor symptom control remains a common problem for patients with asthma. Living with asthma has been linked with psychological co-morbidity including anxiety, depression, panic attacks and behavioural factors such as poor adherence and suboptimal self-management. Psychological disorders have a higher-than-expected prevalence in patients with difficult-to-control asthma. As psychological considerations play an important role in the management of people with asthma, it is not surprising that many psychological therapies have been applied in the management of asthma. There are case reports which support their use as an adjunct to pharmacological therapy in selected individuals, and in some clinical trials, benefit is demonstrated, but the evidence is not consistent. When findings are quantitatively synthesised in meta-analyses, no firm conclusions are able to be drawn and no guidelines recommend psychological interventions. These inconsistencies in findings may in part be due to poor study design, the combining of results of studies using different interventions and the diversity of ways patient benefit is assessed. Despite this weak evidence base, the rationale for psychological therapies is plausible, and this therapeutic modality is appealing to both patients and their clinicians as an adjunct to conventional pharmacological treatments. What are urgently required are rigorous evaluations of psychological therapies in asthma, on a par to the quality of pharmaceutical trials. From this evidence base, we can then determine which interventions are beneficial for our patients with asthma management and more specifically which psychological therapy is best suited for each patient

Systematic meta-review of supported self-management for asthma: a healthcare perspective

BACKGROUND: Supported self-management has been recommended by asthma guidelines for three decades; improving current suboptimal implementation will require commitment from professionals, patients and healthcare organisations. The Practical Systematic Review of Self-Management Support (PRISMS) meta-review and Reducing Care Utilisation through Self-management Interventions (RECURSIVE) health economic review were commissioned to provide a systematic overview of supported self-management to inform implementation. We sought to investigate if supported asthma self-management reduces use of healthcare resources and improves asthma control; for which target groups it works; and which components and contextual factors contribute to effectiveness. Finally, we investigated the costs to healthcare services of providing supported self-management. METHODS: We undertook a meta-review (systematic overview) of systematic reviews updated with randomised controlled trials (RCTs) published since the review search dates, and health economic meta-analysis of RCTs. Twelve electronic databases were searched in 2012 (updated in 2015; pre-publication update January 2017) for systematic reviews reporting RCTs (and update RCTs) evaluating supported asthma self-management. We assessed the quality of included studies and undertook a meta-analysis and narrative synthesis. RESULTS: A total of 27 systematic reviews (n = 244 RCTs) and 13 update RCTs revealed that supported self-management can reduce hospitalisations, accident and emergency attendances and unscheduled consultations, and improve markers of control and quality of life for people with asthma across a range of cultural, demographic and healthcare settings. Core components are patient education, provision of an action plan and regular professional review. Self-management is most effective when delivered in the context of proactive long-term condition management. The total cost (n = 24 RCTs) of providing self-management support is offset by a reduction in hospitalisations and accident and emergency visits (standard mean difference 0.13, 95% confidence interval -0.09 to 0.34). CONCLUSIONS: Evidence from a total of 270 RCTs confirms that supported self-management for asthma can reduce unscheduled care and improve asthma control, can be delivered effectively for diverse demographic and cultural groups, is applicable in a broad range of clinical settings, and does not significantly increase total healthcare costs. Informed by this comprehensive synthesis of the literature, clinicians, patient-interest groups, policy-makers and providers of healthcare services should prioritise provision of supported self-management for people with asthma as a core component of routine care. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: RECURSIVE: PROSPERO CRD42012002694 ; PRISMS: PROSPERO does not register meta-reviews

Pun1 Gene Isolation From Capsicum Frutescens L. CV Cakra Hijau

Capsicum frutescens L. is one of Chili peppers with high pungency. Capsicum frutescens has several cultivars, one of those is C. frutescens cv. Cakra Hijau. This cultivars is known resistance to pests and diseases as well. Pungency is due to the accumulation of capsaicinoids. Pun1 is an important gene responsible for pungency. The full-leght genomic sequence of Pun1 is 1897 bp, containing two exons of 738 bp and 590 bpand one intron of 348 bp in between. This study was aimed to isolate Pun1 gene that free from intron. mRNA was isolated with TriReagentâ furthermore RT-PCR method used Qiagent One-Step RT-PCR and two pairs of primer : F1/R1 (F15'-ATG-GCT-TTT-GCA-TTA-CCA-TCA-3' / R15'- CTT-AGC-TCG-AAG-TGC-ATC-TA-3') and F2/R2 (F25'-GAA-GGT-GGC-AGA-AGA-ATC-AG-3'/R25'-TTA-GGC-AAT-GAA-CTC-AAG-GA-3'). The result of this study are isolated 738 bp exon-1 and 590 bp exon 2 of Pun1 gene

Isolation 3'-end Fragment of Pun1 Gene From Capsicum Frutescens L. Cultivar Cakra Hijau

Pun1 gene [A1] is the one of candidate gene that responsible to determine pungency in Capsicum. In previous researches, 1 310 bp fragment of 1 671 bp Pun1 gene from Capsicum frutescens L. cv. Cakra Hijau had been isolated. The purpose of this research was to isolate of 3'-end fragment and get full length of Pun1 gene from C. frutescens L. cv. Cakra Hijau. DNA isolation was done using modified procedure. The method used to isolate the gene was PCR with a pair of primer, forward primer 5'-GAA-GGT-GGC-AGA-AGA-ATC-AG-3' and reverse primer 5'-TTG- TTG ACC-GTA-AAC-TTC-CG- 3'. The result successfully to get 715 bp length DNA fragment. The assembly of this fragment into previous research produced a full length of 1 671 bp Pun1 gene from C. frutescens L. cv. Cakra Hijau consist of 738 bp first exon fragment, 348 bp intron fragment, and 585 bp second exon fragment

Faecal carriage of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae among humans in Java, Indonesia, in 2001-2002

Item does not contain fulltextOBJECTIVE: To characterise commensal Escherichia coli and other Enterobacteriaceae with reduced susceptibility to cefotaxime that were collected in a large survey carried out among 3995 patients and healthy persons in two urban regions on Java, Indonesia, in 2001-2002. METHODS: The putative extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae were analysed using double-disk synergy tests, isoelectric focusing, PCR assays, DNA sequencing, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). RESULTS: On the day of discharge after five or more days of hospitalisation, at least 95 of 999 (9.5%) patients carried ESBL-positive Enterobacteriaceae as dominant faecal flora. Six patients were simultaneously colonised with E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates with ESBL activity. On admission, only 6 of 998 (0.6%) patients were colonised. Faecal carriage of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae among healthy persons or persons visiting a public health centre was not detected. The 107 ESBL-positive strains included 68 E. coli, 35 K. pneumoniae, and four other Enterobacteriaceae. bla(CTX-M-15) was the most prevalent ESBL in both E. coli (47.1%) and K. pneumoniae (45.7%), but the E. coli O25b-ST131 clone was virtually absent. Other ESBL types found were: SHV-2, -2a, -5, -12, CTX-M-3, -9, -14, and TEM-19. PFGE revealed extensive genetic diversity among the isolates. CONCLUSIONS: In 2001-2002, faecal carriage of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae as dominant flora in Indonesia was almost exclusively hospital-associated. The presence of various bla(ESBL) genes and the extensive genetic diversity among isolates argue against a single/dominant strain outbreak